Is microbial ecology driven by roaming genes?beiko
Microbial ecology often makes assumptions about the relationship between phylogeny and function, but these assumptions can be invalidated by lateral gene transfer. We need to take a broader view of relationships between genes and genomes in order to make better sense out of microbes.
Using Supercomputers and Supernetworks to Explore the Ocean of LifeLarry Smarr
07.06.07
Director's Colloquium
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Title: Using Supercomputers and Supernetworks to Explore the Ocean of Life
Los Alamos, NM
Is microbial ecology driven by roaming genes?beiko
Microbial ecology often makes assumptions about the relationship between phylogeny and function, but these assumptions can be invalidated by lateral gene transfer. We need to take a broader view of relationships between genes and genomes in order to make better sense out of microbes.
Using Supercomputers and Supernetworks to Explore the Ocean of LifeLarry Smarr
07.06.07
Director's Colloquium
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Title: Using Supercomputers and Supernetworks to Explore the Ocean of Life
Los Alamos, NM
Creating a Cyberinfrastructure for Advanced Marine Microbial Ecology Research...Larry Smarr
06.06.27
Invited Talk
ONR Review
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD
Title: Creating a Cyberinfrastructure for Advanced Marine Microbial Ecology Research and Analysis (CAMERA)—Taking Metagenomics to Light Speed
La Jolla, CA
The Human Microbiome and the Revolution in Digital HealthLarry Smarr
2014.01.22
Calit2 Director Larry Smarr speaks as part of the Pensacola Evening Lecture Series, organized by the Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, in Pensacola, FL.
Creating a Cyberinfrastructure for Advanced Marine Microbial Ecology Research...Larry Smarr
06.06.27
Invited Talk
ONR Review
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD
Title: Creating a Cyberinfrastructure for Advanced Marine Microbial Ecology Research and Analysis (CAMERA)—Taking Metagenomics to Light Speed
La Jolla, CA
The Human Microbiome and the Revolution in Digital HealthLarry Smarr
2014.01.22
Calit2 Director Larry Smarr speaks as part of the Pensacola Evening Lecture Series, organized by the Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, in Pensacola, FL.
f people think about big data, they always think about Twitter or Facebook. But there are other areas where much more data amounts incurred and the analyzes are more complex. In this talk, we talk about a real example from bioinformatics. We will explain the actual scenario and how the various Microsoft platforms from SQL Server to Azure Analytics and HDInsight could help us – or not.
IARU Global Challenges 2014 Cornell Tracking our declineSarah Cornell
There is growing attention to the global risks - not just local impacts - of present rates of biodiversity loss. It is worth keeping in mind that 'biodiversity loss' actually means the destruction (sometimes irreversible) – by us, people – of living organisms, Earth's 'genetic library', species, ecosystems and habitats. The fact that ecosystems are complex, adaptive, and locally specific means they can't be adequately represented in a single global measure. But without any overarching global perspective on losses, the locally contingent measures are 'untethered' to the real risks of systemic change. Scientists of many kinds are rising to the transdisciplinary challenge of dealing with this complexity in the face of global drivers of change (climate change, development pressures), recognizing that it is a challenge for everyone, not just academia.
During the 5th Yogurt Summit, held in Buenos Aires during ICN2017, Professor Sharon Donovan (University of California, Davis, USA) explained why gut microbiota are recognised today as the intersection between diet and health.
Dr. Heather Allen - The Swine Gut Microbiota: Status and OutlookJohn Blue
The Swine Gut Microbiota: Status and Outlook - Dr. Heather Allen, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, from the 2016 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 17-20, 2016, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-leman-swine-conference-material
Long-lasting alterations to DNA methylation and ncRNAs could underlie the eff...Ben Laufer
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are characterized by life-long changes in gene expression, neurodevelopment and behavior. What mechanisms initiate and maintain these changes are not known, but current research suggests a role for alcohol-induced epigenetic changes. We assessed alterations to adult mouse brain tissue by assaying DNA cytosine methylation and small noncoding RNA (ncRNA) expression, specifically the microRNA (miRNA) and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) subtypes. We found long-lasting alterations in DNA methylation as a result of fetal alcohol exposure, specifically in the imprinted regions of the genome harboring ncRNAs and sequences interacting with regulatory proteins. The findings of this study help to expand on the mechanisms behind the long-lasting changes in the brain transcriptome of FASD individuals.
Webinar Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzdc0GIdCnA
Ecosytem services for food and nutritional securityAlain Vidal
Conference given by Fabrice de Clerck at University Paris-Saclay / AgroParisTech on 11 January 2018 as part of Master CLUES (week on Natural resources, food security and poverty alleviation)
Microbes are our Friends.. The effective way of microbes treating our diseases and fighting with the pathogens is very effective. The human microbiome project is a current topic the researchers are focusing now. We think we are humans but the research of Human Microbiome Project states that we are 1% Humans 99% microbes. The highlights of this project is fecal transplantation and effective way of killing pathogens with the positive microbes.
The way we treat our body will treat you back and the antigens which are entered in to our body will greatly fight with microbes to survive and make the human body safe and healthy.
Finally Microbes are us and we are them
Human Microbiome is the current project in Research field. The importance of Microorganisms in the human body, the importance and novel roe of the microorganisms on a human body is very effective and helpful. Fecal Transplantation is a unique and helpful technique to cure a dreadful disease naturally by means of microorganisms or introducing the normal flora in to the body again.
Sample Prep Solutions for Microbiome ResearchQIAGEN
An accurate molecular analysis of the microbial constituents of a particular community is contingent upon high-yielding and non-biased nucleic acid extraction methodologies. Only by ensuring that all species and classes of microorganisms present in a sample are effectively lysed during extraction will one be able to reliably assess the composition of that sample. An additional challenge faced in nucleic acid extraction is the presence of persistent, co-purifying polymerase inhibitors endogenous to one’s sample. This presentation will focus on nucleic acid extraction tools developed by MO BIO Laboratories that facilitate accurate non-biased community analysis and eliminate common amplification problems via the depletion of endogenous polymerase inhibitors using our patented Inhibitor Removal Technology.
Steve Rozen's keynote talk at IEEE CIBCB 2016
Big Genome Data Sheds Light on Cancer Causes
Steven G. Rozen, PhD
Professor, Cancer & Stem Cell Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
Director, Duke-NUS Centre for Computational Biology
The last eight years have see a revolution in the availability of DNA sequencing data. This revolution has been driven by costs that have plummeted from US$ 10 million per human genome in 2008 to US $1,200 today. Abundant sequencing data brings with it a previously unimaginable range of research possibilities in all areas of biomedical research. Naturally, these research possibilities make heavy demands on computation and data storage, because costs of sequencing are falling much faster than Moore's law. In this talk I will present a high level overview of these computational demands. I will then go into detail on a few of the cancer-related big data projects my lab is working on. One of these is "mutation signature analysis", which has important applications in cancer prevention and epidemiology and in research into the fundamental processes by which cancers arise. One example of the importance of this approach is the recent finding that a highly mutagenic herbal remedy is implicated in many more geographical regions and types of cancer than suspected a few years ago.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
ISU ENVSCI690 Graduate Seminar Slides
1. Adina
Howe
Agricultural
and
Biosystems
Engineering
(slides
available
from
ww.germslab.org)
ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE
RESEARCH
IN
THE
GERMS
LAB
Genomics and Environmental Research in
Microbial Systems
2. Who
am
I?
• Mechanical
Engineer
• Environmental
Engineer
• Microbiologist
• Bioinformatician
• Big
data-‐er
• Teacher
• Mentor
• Trainer
3. What
is
my
research
mission?
We
are
changing
the
environment
that
we
live
in.
To
preserve
environmental
integrity,
we
must
understand
and
manage
the
impacts
of
global
change.
Scientific
research
(and
data)
must
inform
our
decisions
and
policy.
GERMS
uses
innovative
scientific
methods
to
evaluate
and
understand
our
complex
and
changing
world.
4. How
will
GERMS
do
this?
Put
simply,
our
vision
is
to…
Monitor,
evaluate,
and
manage
our
microbial
communities
and
their
services
in
the
environment.
6. Can
we
live
without
them?
• Assigned
reading
(Gilbert
and
Neufeld,
2014):
(many
questions
on
why
this
was
assigned)
• Why
was
this
published?
• Is
it
useful?
• What
are
the
impacts/consequences
of
research?
• Boundary
conditions
• What
are
three
biggest
challenges
to
our
society,
for
the
world,
for
our
future,
for
the
state
of
Iowa?
• What
can
understanding
microbiology
/
microbial
ecology
/
environmental
do
to
help?
???
8. The
role
of
our
microbial
partners?
neighbors?
MICROBES
IN
ECOSYSTEMS
NATURE
AIR
WATER
SOIL
MICROBIOMES
HUMANS/ANIMAL
ENGINEERED
BIOREACTORS
WASTEWATER
9. Understanding
community
dynamics
in
the
environment
• Who
is
there?
• What
are
they
doing?
• How
are
they
doing
it?
Kim
Lewis,
2010
10. Sequencing
the
code
of
life
http://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/do-‐try-‐home
Who?
What?
How?
Why?
(Experimental
Design)
11. Transforming technology?
Stein,
Genome
Biology,
2010
E.
Coli
genome
4,500,000
bp
($4.5M,
1992)
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
Year
0.1
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
DNA
Sequencing,
Mbp
per
$
10,000,000
100,000,000
12. Rapidly decreasing costs with today’s
sequencing technologies
Stein,
Genome
Biology,
2010
Next
Generation
Sequencing
4,500,000
bp
(E.
Coli,
$200,
presently)
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2003
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
Year
0.1
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
DNA
Sequencing,
Mbp
per
$
10,000,000
100,000,000
13. Effects
of
low
cost
sequencing…
First
free-‐living
bacterium
sequenced
for
billions
of
dollars
and
years
of
analysis
Personal
genome
can
be
mapped
in
a
few
days
and
hundreds
to
few
thousand
dollars
14. Postdoc
experience
with
data
2003-‐2008
Cumulative
sequencing
in
PhD
=
2000
bp
2008-‐2009
Postdoc
Year
1
=
50
Gbp
2009-‐2010
Postdoc
Year
2
=
450
Gbp
16. IN
THE
NEWS:
80%
of
Americans
polled
support
WARNING:
This
product
contains
deoxyribonucleic
acid
(DNA).
The
Surgeon
General
has
determined
that
DNA
is
linked
to
a
variety
of
diseases
in
both
animals
and
humans.
In
some
configurations,
it
is
a
risk
factor
for
cancer
and
heart
disease.
Pregnant
women
are
at
very
high
risk
of
passing
on
DNA
to
their
children.
Washington
Post,
Jan,
2015
24. Diverse
genes
present
in
soil
affecting
health,
nutrient
availability,
and
C/N/P
cycling
0
100
200
300
400
aminoacidmetabolism
carbohydratemetabolism
membranetransport
signaltransduction
translation
folding,sortinganddegradation
metabolismofcofactorsandvitamins
energymetabolism
transportandcatabolism
lipidmetabolism
transcription
cellgrowthanddeath
replicationandrepair
xenobioticsbiodegradationandmetabolism
nucleotidemetabolism
glycanbiosynthesisandmetabolism
metabolismofterpenoidsandpolyketides
cellmotility
TotalCount
KO
corn and prairie
corn only
prairie only
Howe
et.
al,
PNAS,
2014
• Incredible
soil
biodiversity
(only
able
to
sample
10%
with
our
significant
efforts
–
largest
published)
• Many
functions
shared
between
corn
and
prairie
(red)
• Prairie
soils
have
many
more
unique
functions
à How
important
are
these
unique
functions?
à Does
biodiversity
provide
stability?
à Can
we
recover
these
functions
after
land
conversion?
27. Gut microbiota interacts with genetics and
environment to influence our health
27
Source:
Zhao,
2013
Obesity
Intestinal
inflammation
IBD
diseases
Diet
has
a
greater
potential
to
shape
the
structure
and
function
of
gut
than
host
genetics.
Direct
influence
on
health
state
29. Two baseline diets (with a perturbation)
Low-‐fat
(LF)
baseline
diet
Milk-‐fat
(MF)
baseline
diet
Age
(wk)
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Diet
Switch
Washout
(Return
to
Baseline)
Baseline
29
LF / 10% Fat / Complex Carbs
MF / 37% Fat / Simple Sugars
MF
LF MF
LF
Viruses
can:
• Wipe
out
specific
populations
of
bacteria
• Transfer
genes
(functions)
to
bacteria
• Expand
or
destroy
“niches”
of
bacteria
30. How
do
bacteria
and
viruses
respond
to
diet
changes?
• Bacteria
• Broadly,
bacteria
will
return
to
baseline
conditions
even
when
on
an
alternate
diet
(within
24
hours).
• Observed
under
both
diets
• Viruses
• When
grown
on
low
fat
diet,
response
was
similar
to
bacteria,
return
to
baseline
communities.
• Response
was
diet-‐specific:
milk
fat
diet
mice
viruses
became
different
and
did
not
have
any
trends
towards
return
to
original
(in
this
experiment)
33. How
do
we
monitor
water
quality
now?
Data Type Example
Cost per
sample /
Frequency of
sampling
Precision /
Water quality
information
Challenges
Water properties
chemical analysis of
water quality
narrow range of information about services
in ecosystem
Traditional integrity indicators
presence of coliform
bacteria
detection methods lack specificitity and are
often imprecise
Phytoplankton community
characterization
cyanotoxin detection
through fractionation of
ammonia
detection of toxicity may not reveal source
Microbial community
characterization (16S rRNA)
abundance of genes
present and assoiated
with all cyanobacteria
characterization of microbial community
structure may not reveal gene function;
data volume large for public understanding
Proposed MAVeRiC genes (DNA)
abundance of genes
present associated with
specific source of
pollution
identifying relevant genes of interest to
water quality; DNA reveals genes present
but not necessarily actively expressed
Proposed MAVeRiC genes (RNA)
abundance of genes
expressed and present
associated with specific
source pollution
identifying relevant genes of interest to
water quality
34. Scalable,
quantitative
tools
to
monitor
microbial
responses
in
complex
environments
Estimating
risks
from
pathogens
Biotic
integrity
of
a
healthy
water
system
Sources
of
non
point
pollution
Role
of
waters
in
stabilizing
climate
change
Microbial
genetic
biomarkers
can
capture…
35.
!! !
B D
24 Samples (216 targets per sample)
Nutrients Toxicity
Diversity
(Broad and specific)
!!! !!!
!!! !!!
!!! !!!
!!! !!!
!!! !!!
!!! !!!
!!! !!!
!!! !!!
!!! !!!
!!! !!!
!!! !!!
!!! !!!
CA
Lake%1 Lake%2% … Lake%132
Total%Biodiversity%Indexes %
Bacteria(+(Archaeea 10 8 … 2
Bacteria1specific 2 0 10
Archaea1specific
Fungal1specific
Specific%Biodiversity%Indexes
Cyanobacteria1specific 2 8 … 9
Mycrocystis(sp.1specific 8 2 … 9
Cylindrospermopsis(sp.1specific 4 2 … 0
Nutrient%Indexes %
Nitrogen(fixation(index 2 4 … 7
Denitrification(index 3 3 … 5
Phosphorus(cycling(index 10 10 … 5
Carbon(cycling(index 5 7 … 4
Cyanobacteria(nitrogen(fixation 4 6 … 8
Phosphate1solubilizing(rhizobacteria 4 2 … 0
Toxicity%Indexes %
Microcystis(gene(presence 8 9 … 4
Microcystis(gene(activity 7 9 … 5
B
I
O
D
I
V
E
R
S
I
T
Y
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
Project
with
John
Downing,
Chris
Filstrup,
and
Fan
Yang
36. Color
test
for
Ebola
virus
à
color
test
for
environmental
contaminants?
http://www.kurzweilai.net/synthetic-‐biology-‐
on-‐ordinary-‐paper-‐a-‐new-‐operating-‐system
37. Color
test
for
environmental
contaminants?
http://www.kurzweilai.net/synthetic-‐biology-‐
on-‐ordinary-‐paper-‐a-‐new-‐operating-‐system
38. Three
things
to
take
home:
1. Microbes
are
not
simple,
and
today’s
emerging
(emerged?)
technology
is
allowing
to
access
their
complexity.
2. There
is
incredible
microbial
diversity
(millions)
–
and
these
are
systems/resources
that
we
need
to
monitor,
understand,
and
manage.
3. Environmental
science
is
an
inter-‐disciplinary
science,
microbial
data
(but
not
alone)
is
a
huge
opportunity
to
address
our
questions.
39. Thank
you!
QUESTIONS?
• Collaborators:
• Kirsten
Hofmockel&
Fan
Yang
(ISU,
EEOB)
• John
Downing
&
Chris
Filstrup
(ISU,
EEOB)
• Daina
Ringus
&
Gene
Chang
(University
of
Chicago)
• Folker
Meyer
&
Sarah
Owens
(Argonne
National
Laboratory)
• GERMS
Lab
Jin
Choi
Ryan
Williams
Recruiting
NOW!