During the 5th Yogurt Summit, held in Buenos Aires during ICN2017, Professor Sharon Donovan (University of California, Davis, USA) explained why gut microbiota are recognised today as the intersection between diet and health.
Microbiota, leaky gut syndrome and gut-related diseasesMaurizio Salamone
Lecture on "Microbiota, Leaky gut Syndrome and gut-related disease" at the 7° International workshop on Immunonutrition "Eating for preventing" Carovigno (BA) May 1st-3th 2014
Dr. Heather Allen - The Swine Gut Microbiota: Status and OutlookJohn Blue
The Swine Gut Microbiota: Status and Outlook - Dr. Heather Allen, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, from the 2016 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 17-20, 2016, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-leman-swine-conference-material
On the horizon: Critical Care and the Microbiome - Hallie PrescottIntensive Care Society
This is Hallie Prescott's presentation from the opening plenary session at the Intensive Care Society State of the Art Meeting 2018
Dr. Hallie Prescott is an Assistant Professor in Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine at the University of Michigan and staff physician at the Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital. She leads grants on post sepsis morbidity and hospital performance measurement from the US National Institutes of Health and the US Department of Veteran’s Affairs. She is an expert in long-term outcomes and recovery after sepsis, with a focus on preventable hospital readmissions. She is co-chair of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines, inaugural Lowry-Fink fellow of the International Sepsis Forum (2017-2019), a former ANZICS Intensive Care Global Rising Star fellow (2015), and winner of the Early Career Achievement award from the American Thoracic Society’s Critical Care Assembly (2018).
Epigenetics, the microbiome and the environmentfathi neana
An epigenome consists of a record of the chemical changes to the DNA and histone proteins of an organism. These changes can be passed down to an organism's offspring via transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Epigenetics, Gut microbiome and the Environment interplay like a vicious triad.
1- The epigenome is highly sensitive to external environment
2- The epigenome is highly sensitive to internal environment (Microbiome)
3- The microbiome (internal environment) is affected by the external environment
Care of the microbiome seems to be a personal issue but as it is affected by the external environment the issue must be global and a worldwide campaign have to be started.
Microbiota, leaky gut syndrome and gut-related diseasesMaurizio Salamone
Lecture on "Microbiota, Leaky gut Syndrome and gut-related disease" at the 7° International workshop on Immunonutrition "Eating for preventing" Carovigno (BA) May 1st-3th 2014
Dr. Heather Allen - The Swine Gut Microbiota: Status and OutlookJohn Blue
The Swine Gut Microbiota: Status and Outlook - Dr. Heather Allen, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, from the 2016 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 17-20, 2016, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-leman-swine-conference-material
On the horizon: Critical Care and the Microbiome - Hallie PrescottIntensive Care Society
This is Hallie Prescott's presentation from the opening plenary session at the Intensive Care Society State of the Art Meeting 2018
Dr. Hallie Prescott is an Assistant Professor in Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine at the University of Michigan and staff physician at the Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital. She leads grants on post sepsis morbidity and hospital performance measurement from the US National Institutes of Health and the US Department of Veteran’s Affairs. She is an expert in long-term outcomes and recovery after sepsis, with a focus on preventable hospital readmissions. She is co-chair of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines, inaugural Lowry-Fink fellow of the International Sepsis Forum (2017-2019), a former ANZICS Intensive Care Global Rising Star fellow (2015), and winner of the Early Career Achievement award from the American Thoracic Society’s Critical Care Assembly (2018).
Epigenetics, the microbiome and the environmentfathi neana
An epigenome consists of a record of the chemical changes to the DNA and histone proteins of an organism. These changes can be passed down to an organism's offspring via transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Epigenetics, Gut microbiome and the Environment interplay like a vicious triad.
1- The epigenome is highly sensitive to external environment
2- The epigenome is highly sensitive to internal environment (Microbiome)
3- The microbiome (internal environment) is affected by the external environment
Care of the microbiome seems to be a personal issue but as it is affected by the external environment the issue must be global and a worldwide campaign have to be started.
VHIR Seminar led by Joel Doré. Research Director. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Abstract: The human intestinal tract harbours a complex microbial ecosystem which plays a key role in nutrition and health. Interactions between food constituents, microbes and the host organism derive from a long co-evolution that resulted in a mutualistic association.
Current investigations into the human faecal metagenome are delivering an extensive gene repertoire representative of functional potentials of the human intestinal microbiota. The most redundant genomic traits of the human intestinal microbiota are identified and thereby its functional balance. These observation point towards the existence of enterotypes, i.e. microbiota sharing specific traits but yet independent of geographic origin, age, sex etc.. It also shows a unique segregation of the human population into individuals with low versus high gene-counts. In the end, it not only gives an unprecedented view of the intestinal microbiota, but it also significantly expands our ability to look for specificities of the microbiota associated with human diseases and to ultimately validate microbial signatures of prognostic and diagnostic value in immune mediated diseases.
Metagenomics of the human intestinal tract was applied to specifically compare obese versus lean individuals as well as to explore the dynamic changes associated with a severe calory-restricted diet. Microbiota structure differs with body-mass index and a limited set of marker species may be used as diagnostic model with a >85% predictive value. Among obese subjects; the overall phenotypic characteristics are worse in individuals with low gene counts microbiota, including a worse evolution of morphometric parameters over a period of 10 years, a low grade inflammatory context also associated with insulin-resistance, and the worst response to dietary constraints in terms of weight loss or improvement of biological and inflammatory characteristics. Low gene count microbiota is also associated with less favourable conditions in inflammatory bowel disease, such as higher relapse rate in ulcerative colitis patients.
Finally, microbiota transplantation has seen a regain of interest with applications expanding from Clostridium difficile infections to immune mediated and metabolic diseases.
The human intestinal microbiota should hence be regarded as a true organ, amenable to rationally designed modulation for human health.
Renée Wilson, Registered Dietitian and PhD Candidate at University of Otago, New Zealand. Presented at the 1st International Symposium on Kiwifruit and Health: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/diet-microbiota-and-metabolic-health/
This cross-sectional pilot study aims to determine whether or not there are any differences between the gut microbiota of people with normal glucose tolerance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
These slides explores in general the discovery of the human microbiome, and the important roles they play in our well-being. Humans have evolved to live with microbes, this symbiotic relationship is crucial. Humans are in fact 'supra-organisms' that exhibit both human and microbial traits.
This presentation include microbiome involve in human health and disease. classification and categorization of microbiota is aslo given.Anatomical area in which these microbes present.
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states.Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, Rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
The Microbiome Lifeline: How Can Data and Digital Tools Help Us Prevent Autoi...DrBonnie360
Content and Visual Design by Tiffany Simms
As numerous as the stars in the sky, the ecosystem inside our bodies, gives hope to the lonely voices of autoimmune disease.
DrBonnie360 presents the microbiome lifeline at Cambridge HealthTech Institute's 23rd International Molecular Med Tri-Con. Showing Data and Digital Health is the glue that brings together research, clinical care, patients, and businesses, DrBonnie360 effectively tosses a lifeline across the autoimmune abyss.
Robert Hutkins (University of Nebraska, USA) explored the interactions between ingested microorganisms and the gut microbiota, and the way exogenous microorganisms can change the gut environment.
VHIR Seminar led by Joel Doré. Research Director. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Abstract: The human intestinal tract harbours a complex microbial ecosystem which plays a key role in nutrition and health. Interactions between food constituents, microbes and the host organism derive from a long co-evolution that resulted in a mutualistic association.
Current investigations into the human faecal metagenome are delivering an extensive gene repertoire representative of functional potentials of the human intestinal microbiota. The most redundant genomic traits of the human intestinal microbiota are identified and thereby its functional balance. These observation point towards the existence of enterotypes, i.e. microbiota sharing specific traits but yet independent of geographic origin, age, sex etc.. It also shows a unique segregation of the human population into individuals with low versus high gene-counts. In the end, it not only gives an unprecedented view of the intestinal microbiota, but it also significantly expands our ability to look for specificities of the microbiota associated with human diseases and to ultimately validate microbial signatures of prognostic and diagnostic value in immune mediated diseases.
Metagenomics of the human intestinal tract was applied to specifically compare obese versus lean individuals as well as to explore the dynamic changes associated with a severe calory-restricted diet. Microbiota structure differs with body-mass index and a limited set of marker species may be used as diagnostic model with a >85% predictive value. Among obese subjects; the overall phenotypic characteristics are worse in individuals with low gene counts microbiota, including a worse evolution of morphometric parameters over a period of 10 years, a low grade inflammatory context also associated with insulin-resistance, and the worst response to dietary constraints in terms of weight loss or improvement of biological and inflammatory characteristics. Low gene count microbiota is also associated with less favourable conditions in inflammatory bowel disease, such as higher relapse rate in ulcerative colitis patients.
Finally, microbiota transplantation has seen a regain of interest with applications expanding from Clostridium difficile infections to immune mediated and metabolic diseases.
The human intestinal microbiota should hence be regarded as a true organ, amenable to rationally designed modulation for human health.
Renée Wilson, Registered Dietitian and PhD Candidate at University of Otago, New Zealand. Presented at the 1st International Symposium on Kiwifruit and Health: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/diet-microbiota-and-metabolic-health/
This cross-sectional pilot study aims to determine whether or not there are any differences between the gut microbiota of people with normal glucose tolerance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
These slides explores in general the discovery of the human microbiome, and the important roles they play in our well-being. Humans have evolved to live with microbes, this symbiotic relationship is crucial. Humans are in fact 'supra-organisms' that exhibit both human and microbial traits.
This presentation include microbiome involve in human health and disease. classification and categorization of microbiota is aslo given.Anatomical area in which these microbes present.
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states.Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, Rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
The Microbiome Lifeline: How Can Data and Digital Tools Help Us Prevent Autoi...DrBonnie360
Content and Visual Design by Tiffany Simms
As numerous as the stars in the sky, the ecosystem inside our bodies, gives hope to the lonely voices of autoimmune disease.
DrBonnie360 presents the microbiome lifeline at Cambridge HealthTech Institute's 23rd International Molecular Med Tri-Con. Showing Data and Digital Health is the glue that brings together research, clinical care, patients, and businesses, DrBonnie360 effectively tosses a lifeline across the autoimmune abyss.
Robert Hutkins (University of Nebraska, USA) explored the interactions between ingested microorganisms and the gut microbiota, and the way exogenous microorganisms can change the gut environment.
10 European Scientists Who Have Co-founded Biotech CompaniesWei Garofolo
Life has always been known to move slower in Europe -- especially in regards to academic, scientific, and technological advances. However, in spite of this perceived lag, there are still ample inspiring examples of thriving research in the Life Sciences field. Here are a list of scholars who have helped shape European Biotech into what it is today:
The rules of the game have changed
The way goods are produced today is completely different, and so are the goods produced.
With the new trend in technology, consumers can now influence design and control production, and manufacturers are now able to adapt quickly to specific consumer demands.
This shift is particularly exciting for consumers who are able to see the results of their input taken into consideration.
Gone are the days for manufacturers who may be threatened by consumer feedback. Today the technology exists for the development and creation processes to engage consumers earlier to poll for their ideas and opinions. Consumers can become a part of the development process.
The evolution lead manufacturing to face other new challenges such as mass-customization, sustainability and 3D printing . Thus, factories have to be adapted and smarter to improve the consumer experience. Internet of Things, Big Data analytic and remote control are one of the key factors and must be supported by an efficient business process management to connect machines and real time data together. Then, OEMs will be able to answer glocal needs and lower time-to-market, cost while producing high quality products and/or services. Those who embrace this approach are ready to enter the 4th Industrial Revolution.
Dieta e Microbiota intestinale: quale rapportoASMaD
Presentazione a cura del Professor Davide Festi - M.A.S.T.E.R. ECM in Gastroenterologia Focus on: Microbiota e dintorni - Fondazione Santa Lucia - Roma
Human Gut Mycobiota is still a mistery for us. Most of the reasearch on this topichas been conducted in the last 5 years. We are starting to comprehend the interactions with our gastrointestinal system and the virus and bacterial communities. 13% of gut microbiota in weight, about 150 species; most of them can shift from commensalism to virulent parassitosis according to our immune competence. Gut fungal overgrowth is actually underestimated in dignaosis and treatment. Many FGIDS and SIBO are frequently mixed bacteral and fungal dysbiosis
Microbes are our Friends.. The effective way of microbes treating our diseases and fighting with the pathogens is very effective. The human microbiome project is a current topic the researchers are focusing now. We think we are humans but the research of Human Microbiome Project states that we are 1% Humans 99% microbes. The highlights of this project is fecal transplantation and effective way of killing pathogens with the positive microbes.
The way we treat our body will treat you back and the antigens which are entered in to our body will greatly fight with microbes to survive and make the human body safe and healthy.
Finally Microbes are us and we are them
Human Microbiome is the current project in Research field. The importance of Microorganisms in the human body, the importance and novel roe of the microorganisms on a human body is very effective and helpful. Fecal Transplantation is a unique and helpful technique to cure a dreadful disease naturally by means of microorganisms or introducing the normal flora in to the body again.
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states. Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
Moving into the Post-MetagenomicEra of Gut Microbiome ResearchJonathan Clarke
Julian Marchesi's presentation slides from our previous Microbiome R&D and Business Collaboration Forum. For information about this years event please visit http://www.globalengage.co.uk/microbiota.html
The Emerging Personalized Medicine Paradigm of Time-Series Tracking of Mind, ...Larry Smarr
Invited Zoom Remote Lecture
For Sara Gottfried, MD Personalized Medicine for Mental Health Course
Integrative Psychiatry Institute
Recorded June 28, 2022
The concept of the human microbiome was first suggested by Joshua Lederberg, who coined the term ‘‘microbiome, to signify the ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that literally share our body space’’
Proton Pump Inhibitors are drugs used to suppress gastric acid production and treat GI disorders such as peptic ulcers and gastro-oesophageal reflux. They have been considered low risk, have been widely adopted and are often over-prescribed. Recent studies have identified an increased risk of enteric and other infections with their use. These findings describe a significant impact of PPI on the gut microbiome and should caution overuse of PPI.
What is gut microbiota? What is the influence of diet on the proper functioning of our gut microbiota? How does the gut-brain axis (GBA) influence the emotional and cognitive centers of the brain? Tune into this webinar to find out more about this timely topic.
Learning Objectives:
List the neurological and physiological connections that enable the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain
Identify lifestyle, dietary, and microbial influences on the flow and function of signaling molecules along the gut-microbiota-brain axis
Implement dietary regimens that target the gut and gastrointestinal microbiota to improve or maintain optimal physical and mental health
RDNs earn 1.0 CEU
The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) was a United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) research initiative to improve understanding of the microbial flora involved in human health and disease.
Salminen research advocates for adding fermented foods to food guide - yini...Yogurt in Nutrition #YINI
Sauerkraut, kimchi, kombucha, … and of course, fermented milks like yogurt are growing in popularity propelled by health claims and increasing knowledge about the gut microbiota. Several researchers around the world want therefore Health Organizations to add a new category to the National Food Guide that’s is fermented foods. For Seppo Salminen (University of Turku, Finland), it’s even time to go further!
Numerous epidemiological studies reported that yogurt consumption may be used as a new biomarker of a healthy lifestyle. What could explain the health benefits of yogurt? At the 5th Yogurt Summit, held in Buenos Aires (Argentina) on October 18th, Dr André Marette (Laval University, Québec) presented up-to-date evidence on bioactive compounds produced during fermentation.
Professor André Marette of the Physiology and Endocrinology Department at the Laval University in Canada explains the impact on health markers: “Is yogurt associated with reduced cardio-metabolic risk factors in children?“. During this talk, he evaluated the role of yogurt as a nutrient-dense snack and its influence in reducing the risk of developing diabetes and obesity.
On the 2nd of Mars 2017, Professor Luis A. Moreno opened the symposium in Amsterdam with a presentation on diet quality and lifestyle factors: “Could yogurt facilitate better eating habits in children?“.
Adam Drewnowski - ICD 2016 - Can yogurt be part of sustainable food choices?Yogurt in Nutrition #YINI
People are aware that the food they eat is an important factor, affecting their health, but what is less well known is the impact of producing and consuming food on the world's resources.
What about yogurt? Adam Drewnowski, University of Washington in Seattle (USA), explained to us how yogurt may take care of our health and the health of our planet.*
RD Azmina Govindji - Yogurt in practice: simple swaps to improve nutrition -...Yogurt in Nutrition #YINI
By establishing simple and effective habits in the short-term, we can improve our lives in the long-term. Simple, nutritious and pleasurable - yogurt can be an interesting and healthy option as a “swap food” in sweet and savory dishes, at any time of the day. Azmina Govindji, RD, shared her golden tips for a triple win with yogurt swaps.*
The keynote from Prof. Luis Moreno (Spain)* took stocks of the available scientific data on the association between yogurt consumption and health. This comprehensive review confirms that yogurt consumption might represent a global signature of a healthy diet and lifestyle at all ages.
Lorenzo Morelli - ICD 2016 - Granada - Yogurt and lactose: cooperation for nu...Yogurt in Nutrition #YINI
Lactose is the sugar of mammals and plays a relevant role in the very early life; beside its role as energy provider, it exhibits several health effects in young children, including a prebiotic effect on the gut microbiota and a positive effect on mineral absorption.
Bifidobacteria and some lactobacilli have developed uptake and fermentation mechanisms of lactose that are the most efficient among the enteric bacteria and they have a major role in “priming” the immune system of neonates.
Nowadays lactose malabsorption is often reported, but frequently as a consequence of an auto diagnosis, without a proper clinical assessment. On the other hand, the genetic basis and the physiology of this malabsorption is still under scrutiny by science and some of the “dogmas” about lactose intolerance are now under revision. Moreover, in case of lactose maldigestion, it is to be considered that the total dairy products avoidance is not an answer, since 1- a small dose of lactose can be digested (12g/day) even by maldigesters and, 2- there is a number of cheeses that, at the end of the ripening period, have no lactose.
But, on top of that, as regards yogurt, it is to note that even EFSA, in the frame of its assessment of claims related to health, according to the EU Regulations 1924/2006, concluded that: ”a cause and effect relationship has been established between the
consumption of live yogurt cultures in yogurt and improved digestion of lactose in individuals with lactose maldigestion.”
The mechanism is related to the survival of lactase contained into the yogurt bacteria through the gastric transit, possibly being protected by the bacterial envelops, even if the cells are no more viable, and facilitated by the buffering action of yogurt.
In the less acidic conditions and slow transit time of the small intestine the lactase is then able to digest the residual lactose, avoiding with this action any troubles to lactose
maldigesters. This applies to lactic acid bacteria endowed with an ATP-based lactose transport system, such as the yogurt bacteria, whose lactase is active on lactose without any previous phosphorylation. It could be concluded that a more ”science-based” view is necessary for a better approach to understand and manage lactose as a nutrient.
The capacity of a single food, such as yogurt, to influence diet quality and metabolic health depends on its composition and its potential to modify the rest of food consumption. Prof Angelo Tremblay presented recent data, during our 4th Yogurt Summit at EB2016, showing that regular yogurt consumption can be a signature of a global healthy lifestyle.
Yogurt consumption for a healthier diet and lifestyle: overview from cohorts ...Yogurt in Nutrition #YINI
Yogurt is generally considered as a healthy food because of its nutrient composition, its profile of fermented food, and its link with an improved metabolic fitness. Population studies show that yogurt consumers report a greater intake of some nutrients,
e.g. calcium and protein, and fruits and vegetables compared to non-consumers. This is concordant with recent data demonstrating that diet quality is improved in yogurt consumers. Other cohort studies have shown that yogurt consumption is
associated with a reduced body weight over time. Our research experience with the Quebec Family Study reveals that yogurt consumption might be the “signature of a healthy lifestyle”. Indeed, female yogurt consumers report a better macronutrient
composition of the diet than non-consumers; they are also more physically active and display feeding behaviors which are more compatible with body weight stability. This agrees with results of the Infogene Study demonstrating that yogurt consumers
are more prone to adhere to a Prudent dietary pattern whereas non-consumers tend to exhibit a Western pattern. In summary, currently available cohort studies tend to show that yogurt consumption is associated with a healthy eating pattern
and lifestyle.
Organised once every four years, the 12th FENS European Nutrition Conference is being held this year in Berlin, from 20th to 23rd October. On this occasion, YINI is delighted to be part of the programme, hosting a symposium on a very topical subject: "Yogurt consumption benefits: global findings & perspectives". This insightful session, chaired by Prof Dr Raanan Shamir (Israel) and Andrew Prentice (UK), took place on Thursday 22th October, at 16.30 and was led by renowned experts in the fields of obesity, nutrition and diabetes!
Dr Richard Atkinson
He has worked in obesity research and treatment for over 40 years, is interested in obesity policy, and has advocated for young investigator programs nationally and internationally. His research
includes causes and treatments of obesity, particularly obesity drugs, obesity surgery, and virus-induced obesity. His laboratory demonstrated that human adenovirus-36 produces obesity in animals and is associated with obesity in humans.
In summary
The York Health Economics Consortium and collaborators performed a comprehensive literature search identifying papers on yogurt and weight management. Selection criteria were studies of classical yogurt only, probiotic bacteria were excluded, as were studies on individuals with various diseases. From 13,000 potential papers, 69 met potential criteria and 22 were selected, including 7 cross-sectional, 6 cohort, 2 crossover, and 7 controlled trials. All cross-sectional and cohort trials showed a beneficial association of yogurt and one or more body weight/composition measures. Limitations were that all dietary data were self-reported, confounding variables not completely controlled, and correlation is not causation. Two crossover studies were small, short duration, and uninterpretable. Five of seven controlled trials had major limitations including self-report of intake, inadequate or irrelevant research design, few subjects, inadequate description, etc. One well controlled, randomized study had clear results showing a beneficial effect of yogurt, but improper design to address effects of yogurt alone. Five of six RCT showed a beneficial effect of yogurt, but only one was significant. Yogurt is a “health food” accepted by most people and has potential for prevention and treatment of overweight/obesity. Previous studies give optimism for yogurt for weight management, but future well-designed randomized, controlled trials for proof of principle and large population studies for feasibility are needed.
Organised once every four years, the 12th FENS European Nutrition Conference is being held this year in Berlin, from 20th to 23rd October. On this occasion, YINI is delighted to be part of the programme, hosting a symposium on a very topical subject: "Yogurt consumption benefits: global findings & perspectives". This insightful session, chaired by Prof Dr Raanan Shamir (Israel) and Andrew Prentice (UK), took place on Thursday 22th October, at 16.30 and was led by renowned experts in the fields of obesity, nutrition and diabetes!
Dr Jordi Salas-Salvado
In last years, expertise and research lines of Dr. Salas (Spain) are focused in human clinical trials evaluating the effect of diets and dietary compounds on obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. His speech gives an overview of recent epidemiological studies regarding yogurt and diabetes prevention.
In summary
The possible effects of dairy consumption on diabetes prevention remain controversial. Largely owing to their saturated fat content, dairy products are conventionally perceived as having an adverse impact on health. However, they are nutrient-dense food and contain high-quality protein, vitamins (A, D, B2, B12, and menaquinone), and minerals (calcium, magnesium, and potassium), which have been shown to have beneficial effects on T2D risk. Yogurt has also some possible probiotic effects modulating glucose metabolism. In this review we analyse all the epidemiologic studies evaluating the association between yogurt consumption and diabetes. Most of the published studies have demonstrated an inverse association between the frequency of yogurt consumption and diabetes risk. In the frame of the PREDIMED study, a clinical trial aiming at assess the beneficial effect of the Mediterranean diet on the primary prevention of
cardiovascular disease, total yogurt consumption was also associated with a lower T2D risk. In this study, an increased consumption of total low-fat dairy and total yogurt during the follow-up was also inversely associated with T2D. In addition, substituting one serving/day of a combination of biscuits and chocolate and whole grain biscuits and homemade pastries for one serving/day of yogurt was associated with a 40 and 45 % lower risk of T2D, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that a healthy dietary pattern incorporating a high consumption of dairy products and particularly yogurt may be protective against T2D in older adults at high cardiovascular risk highly predisposed to develop this condition. Clinical trials are warranted to definitively conclude that yogurt consumption have preventive effects on type 2 diabetes.
Nutritional Recommendations for a Sustainable Bone and Muscle Health, René Ri...Yogurt in Nutrition #YINI
The WCO continues to be the primary forum for scientists to focus on the impact of lifestyle on bone health in general. The satellite symposium organized by YINI in particular featured many global comparisons in diet and the effect on bone. As Western diet permeates more of the globe and the population continues to grow, it is meaningful to study the impact of these changes on bone health as diet is one of the few major modifiable factors which in turn affects healthcare costs. Calcium, vitamin D, and protein intake continued to dominate the discussion. The symposium offered an opportunity to learn about theories and data in nutritional research concerning bone as well as methodological approaches to classify diets. The slideshow allow the reader to capture the new messages and to analyze the new scientific data presented by Professor Rene Rizzoli (Switzerland) in this field.
Some stimuli, including specific foods, seem to have enough particularities to make a difference even if their potential to exert an influence a priori appears to be limited. This is the case of yogurt whose consumption is low relative to the amount of daily food consumed but that has been shown to be independently related to reduced body weight and fat. Numerous factors may explain a beneficial effect of yogurt on body weight stability and metabolic fitness. Cohort studies show that the consumption of dairy including yogurt is related to a reduced intake of high fat-high sugar foods, suggesting that the benefits of dairy food may be due to a decrease in the potential negative effects of unhealthy eating. The ability of yogurt to promote a negative energy balance is also likely explained by the satiating and thermogenic effects of some of its nutrients, e.g. calcium and proteins, via mechanisms involving gut hormones. Yogurt has a matrix that can accommodate structural changes affecting energy intake independently of its nutrient content. For instance, we recently demonstrated that the increase in the whey/casein ratio in a yogurt matched for volume and energy and protein content as a control yogurt significantly decreased subsequent energy intake to a much greater extent than the energy content of the yogurt preload. The presence of bacteria in yogurt represents another factor that may explain the effects of yogurt consumption on energy balance and its components. In this regard, recent data suggest that the supplementation of some probiotics facilitates appetite control and accentuates body weight loss in the context of a weight-reducing program. Finally, our recent analyses of relevant data in the Quebec Family Study reveal that yogurt consumption may be the signature of a global healthy lifestyle and food-related personal profile. Female yogurt consumers are more physically active, report a reduced percent energy intake as fat and display a lower disinhibition score than non-yogurt consumers. Taken together, yogurt has numerous features that may globally explain the decreased proneness of yogurt consumers towards excess body fat.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
1. The Gut Microbiota:
The Intersection Between Diet and
Health
Sharon M. Donovan, PhD, RD
Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition
University of Illinois, Urbana, USA
2. Conflict of Interest Disclosure
Danone Institutes International paid for my travel
expenses to chair the session and present this talk,
but did not influence the content of the
presentation.
3. Presentation Outline
• What is the human microbiome?
• How do we study the microbiome?
– Techniques
– HMP and Metahit
– GF and Gnotobiotics
• What have we learned?
– What factors influence gut microbial communities?
– What diseases are linked to the microbiome?
• Conclusions and future directions
4. What is the Microbiome?
• The “microbiota” represents the
collection of microorganisms living on
and in the human body, the majority of
which inhabit the gastrointestinal tract
• Bacteria, fungi, yeasts, viruses, archaea,
and protozoa
• The majority live in our gut, particularly in
the large intestine
• The “microbiome” is the collective genomes of the microbiota
• The number of microbial genes is 100- times the number of genes
in the human genome.
5. We Are Mainly Microbes
Source: Gaby D’Allesandro (American Museum of Natural History)
Microbial Cells
(100 trillion)
Human Cells
(30 trillion)
Microbial
Genes(~2 million)
Human
Genes
(23,000)
70% 99%
6. Presentation Outline
• What is the human microbiome?
• How do we study the microbiome?
– Techniques
– HMP and Metahit
– GF and Gnotobiotics
• What have we learned?
– What factors influence gut microbial communities?
– What diseases are linked to the microbiome?
• Conclusions and future directions
7. How Do We Study the Microbiome?
• These techniques apply unbiased “omics” based approaches
• Variable regions of the 16S rRNA
• DNA
• In the past, microbial composition had been studied using
culture-based methods
• Underestimated diversity
• Only “grow what we know”
• Over the past decade, our
understanding of the composition
and diversity of the gut microbiota
has been advanced by next
generation sequencing approaches
Karlsson et al. Assessing the human gut microbiota in metabolic diseases. Diabetes 2013; 62:3341-3349.
8. Bacterial Identification using 16S rRNA
Tyler et al. Analyzing the human microbiome: a how to guide for physicians. Am J Gastroenterol 2014; 109: 983-993
• Unique to Bacteria & Archaea
• Present in all bacteria – allows use
of “Universal Primers”
• Design PCR primers that target
different “variable regions”
• Compare to database of available
16S rRNA sequences
Variable and Conserved regions
Most Commonly used
9. Zoetendal et al. High-throughput diversity and functionality analysis of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota. Gut
2008;57:1605-1615.
16S rRNA
approaches
O’mics Based Approaches to
Microbiome Analysis
Which microbes
are there?
What are the
microbes doing?
What is there
genetic potential?
10. Hierarchical Organization of Taxonomic
Levels (E. coli vs. Humans)
Tyler et al. Analyzing the human microbiome: a how to guide for physicians. Am J Gastroenterol 2014; 109: 983-993
11. Human Microbiome Sequencing Projects
NIH Human Microbiome Project
(FY 2007-2012)
Integrative Human
Microbiome Project
(FY 2013-2015)
MetaHit
(FY 2008-2012)
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
12. NIH-Funded Projects
Human Microbiome Project (HMP): FY 2007-2012
http://commonfund.nih.gov/hmp/index
• Funded by NIH
• Objective: to develop datasets and tools that the community can use to
evaluate which biological properties of the microbiome and host will yield
important new insights in understanding human health and disease.
• Five body sites (15-18 subsites) from 300 young, healthy adults (18-40 yrs)
• 6 initiatives for data sets and analytical tools
• Objective: to create integrated longitudinal datasets of biological properties from both the
microbiome and host from three different cohort studies of microbiome-associated conditions
using multiple "omics" technologies.
• Pregnancy and preterm birth – Virginia Commonwealth University
• IBD – Broad Institute and Harvard
• Prediabetes – Stanford and Jackson Laboratory
Integrative Human Microbiome Project (iHMP): FY 2013-2015
http://hmp2.org/
13. • Funded by European Commission – 13 partners from academia & industry
• 8 countries in Europe and China
• Its total cost has been evaluated at more than 21.2 million €
• European Commission set an upper limit of 11.4 million €
• Objective: to establish associations between the genes of the human intestinal
microbiota and our health and disease.
• Sequenced metagenomes (DNA)
• Focused on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Obesity
• Research is continuing to be published from the consortium
Metagenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract (MetaHit): 2008-2012
http://www.metahit.eu/index.php?id=410
European-Funded Projects
14. Mechanisms of Action Using of Germ-free
and Gnotobiotic Animal Models
• Germ-free animals have shown that the gut microbiota are
essential for normal gastrointestinal, immune, metabolic and
cognitive development and function
“Gnotobiotic”
Karlsson et al. Assessing the human gut microbiota in metabolic diseases. Diabetes 2013; 62:3341-3349.
15. Presentation Outline
• What is the human microbiome?
• How do we study the microbiome?
– Techniques
– HMP and Metahit
– GF and Gnotobiotics
• What have we learned?
– What factors influence gut microbial communities?
– What diseases are linked to the microbiome?
• Future directions of microbiome, nutrition and health
research
17. What Have We Learned?
– We have redefined what it means to be
human...
1. “We” are mainly microbes and the microbiome comprises 99% of our
“metagenome”
• Gut microbiome has 1014 resident microorganisms
2. The microbiome is diverse and representing all 3 domains of life
• Microbes, Fungi, Archea
3. The microbiota shows remarkable diversity at different anatomical sites
4. Microbiome function is more highly conserved between sites than
microbial composition
• Different bacteria can fill the same functional niche
18. Bacterial Phyla
by Anatomical
Site
Cho & Blaser. The human microbiome: at the interface of health and disease. Nature Rev. Gen. 2012; 13: 260
Firmicutes
Bacteroidetes
Proteobacteria
Actinobacteria
19. HMP Consortium. Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature 2012; 486: 207
Microbial Ecosystems have Functional
Redundancy Across Body Sites and Individuals
Phyla – Who is there?
Metabolic Pathways – What are they doing?
20. Presentation Outline
• What is the human microbiome?
• How do we study the microbiome?
– Techniques
– HMP and Metahit
– GF and Gnotobiotics
• What have we learned?
– What factors influence gut microbial communities?
– What diseases are linked to the microbiome?
• Conclusions and future directions
21. Factors that Influence Microbiome
Composition
Cresci and Bawden. Gut microbiome: What we do and don’t know. Nutr Clin Prac 2015; 30: 734-746.
22. Microbiota Change Across the Lifespan
Ottman et al. The function of our microbiota: who is out there and what do they do? Front Cell Inf Micro 2012; 2: 104
23. Birth
day 1-
6 mos
6 mos –
3 yrs
3 years-
adult
Advanced
Age
Variability among
Individuals*
• After age 65, the number of microbial
species decreases, and populations are
more similar among individuals
* Gender, diet, age, hygiene, body
site, antibiotic use
Adapted from: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/microbiome/intro/
Increaseddiversityinchildhood
Reduceddiversityinelderly
• Family members
and pets
• More complex diet
• By age 3, resembles adult
• More stable, but affected by
puberty, pregnancy,
menopause
• Early diet
• Weaning foods
• Route of delivery
Key Factors Across the Life Span
24. Dietary Factors Influencing
the Microbiome
Singh RK et al. Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health. J Transl Med 2017; 15:73
• Dietary patterns, specific nutrients and dietary bioactive components all play
significant roles in shaping the gut microbiome
• Microbiome composition, metagenome and metabolome are associated with
long-term dietary patterns
• Macronutrients (Wu G et al. Science 2011; 334: 105-108)
• Vegetarian diets (Wu G et al. Gut 2016; 65: 63-72)
• Dietary alterations can induce large, temporary microbial shifts within 24 h
(David et al. Nature 2014; 505:559-563)
• Pre and probiotics are commonly used for microbiome modulation
• Yogurt has been relatively understudied in terms of its effects on the
microbiome
25. Impact of Dietary Protein on Intestinal
Microbiota & Health Outcomes
Singh RK et al. Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health. J Transl Med 2017; 15:73
TMAO = trimethylamine N-oxide
26. Impact of Dietary Fat on Intestinal
Microbiota & Host Metabolism
Singh RK et al. Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health. J Transl Med 2017; 15:73
27. Presentation Outline
• What is the human microbiome?
• How do we study the microbiome?
– Techniques
– HMP and Metahit
– GF and Gnotobiotics
• What have we learned?
– What factors influence gut microbial communities?
– What diseases are linked to the microbiome?
• Conclusions and future directions
28. Diet, Microbiome and Health
• Dysbiosis, or an abnormal
microbiota, has been associated
with diseases across organ systems
• Some cause-and effect
relationships have been
established with gnotobiotic
animals.
• Moderated by host genetics and
other environmental factors
• Nutrition, probiotics (and prebiotics)
modulate the gut microbiome
• Microbes interact with gut
epithelium and host immune system
• Microbial products also influence
host physiology (e.g. SCFA, LPS)
29. Potential Mechanisms – Leaky Gut
• Loss of intestinal
barrier function
• Bacterial translocation
and LPS in circulation
• Immune activation
• Local and systemic
inflammation
Sanz et al. Understanding the role of gut microbiome in metabolic disease risk. Pediatr Res 2015; 77: 236-
30. Potential Mechanisms – Microbial
Metabolites
Sanz et al. Understanding the role of gut microbiome in metabolic disease risk. Pediatr Res 2015; 77: 236-
Healthy Diet High Fat Diet
31. Potential Mechanisms
• Nutrition, probiotics (and
prebiotics) modulate the gut
microbiome
• Microbes interact with gut
epithelium and host immune
system
• Microbial products also
influence host physiology (e.g.
SCFA, LPS)
32. Presentation Outline
• What is the human microbiome?
• How do we study the microbiome?
– Techniques
– HMP and Metahit
– GF and Gnotobiotics
• What have we learned?
– What factors influence gut microbial communities?
– What diseases are linked to the microbiome?
• Conclusions and future directions
33. Future Directions
• Our knowledge of composition has
rapidly expanded, our understanding of
function remains limited
– Relatively small sample sizes – are they
representative?
• Longer-term observational studies with
detailed metadata and stool samples are
needed
• Prospective yogurt
intervention with to
establish dose and
mechanisms of
action
34. Microbiome in Health and Disease
Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Kinross J, Burcelin R, Gibson G, Jia W, Pettersson S. Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions.
Science. 2012; 336 :1262-1267
Editor's Notes
So, now that we had the tools, how do we pick the populations?
a) Body sites show signature taxa, but there is great inter-individual variation
b) Most metabolic pathways are evenly distributed and prevalent across both individuals and body habitats
Trimethylamine N-oxide, a phospholipid that is found in red meat and is metabolized exclusively by intestinal microbiota, promotes atherosclerosis and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases139,140.
Trimethylamine N-oxide, a phospholipid that is found in red meat and is metabolized exclusively by intestinal microbiota, promotes atherosclerosis and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases139,140.