The document discusses several key issues in human development psychology: 1. It compares the nature vs nurture debate, focusing on the influence of genetics versus environment on human development. 2. It also examines the continuity vs discontinuity perspective, referring to whether development occurs gradually through continuity or in abrupt stages of discontinuity. 3. The debate on the influence of early life experiences versus later experiences in development is presented. 4. Finally, the concept of stability versus change in development is discussed, specifically regarding the stability of personality traits versus their ability to change over time through life experiences.

1. C 3:ISSUES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMEN
I
TOPIC 3.1 :DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY ISSUES AND DEBATES
TOPIC 3.2 :NATURE VS. NURTURE

2. PRESENTORS:
GUBALLA, Micheal John O.
HIGAYON , Kurt Briant p.
JAVIER,Jireh Mae M.
KILLAPOS, Melfrin

3. OBJECTIVES:
Definition of the human
development
01
Know the issues and debates
of developmental psychology
02
Explain every issues of
development with regards of
human development.
03
Justify and advocate the
issues of human
development.
04

4. Is the pattern of movement or change
that begins at conception and continues
through the lifespan.
Includes growth and decline.
Development can be positive
or negative.
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT

5. Developmntal psycological issues and
debates
• Nature vs. Nurture
•Continuity vs. Discontinuity
•Early vs. Later experiences
•Stability vs. Changes
Portfolio Designed

6. Nature vs. Nurture
v
s
STRENGTHS
THREATS
WEAKNESS
OPPORTUNITIES
Nature
Genetics , physical appearance and biological
influences.
Supporters of this view are known as
heriditarian or nativist.
Nurture
Environment upbringing and social influences.
Supporters of this view is known as empiricists.

7. Examples of nature –
nurture debate in
psychology
• Perception
• Language
• Cognitive
development

8. Psychological approaches and the nature –
nurture debates
Psychodynamic
approach
Biological
approach
Behavioural
approach
Cognitive
approach
Evolutionary
approach
Humanistic aproach

9. Supporting approaches and perspective
Supporting nature
physiological Social (e.g.,
helping behavior
Behavioral
developmental
Individual
differences
Supporting nurture

10. Continuity – emphasizes the
development and changes which
occur gradually in an individual,
mostly a continuing development
like a growing starfish.
Discontinuity – the change is
abrupt and a step-like
development occur in an
individual .
A development with stages like
the analogy of a butterfly.
Continuity vs.
Discontinuity

11. Competing theories of
continuity vs.
discontinuity
Developmental psychology that attempt
to explain how people change though the
course of their lives
change
Development
Understanding
40%
30%
20%
10%
Contin
uity
theor
y
Discon
tinuity
theory
Continuity theory – says that someone throughout their
life along a smooth course
Discontinuity theory – says that people change
abruptly.

12. Early vs. Later Experiences
- Focuses on the degree in which
determines the child s development
throughout its early experiences and be
solve though later experiences.
- Gives guidance for helping an
individual s development by tracing its
origin and psychological quality.
Experience throughout
infancy.
EARLY EXPERIENCE
Considered to be giving large
impact of an individuals
development.
Key factor of overcoming early
traumatic experiences that burden an
individuals development.
Key determinant of an
individual s development.
LATE EXPERIENCE

13. STABILIT
Y
Change
Implies personality
traits present
during infancy
endure throughout
the life span.
Modified by
interactions with
family, peers and
acculturation.
DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY
Stability vs. Change
- ability of organism buffer its development against genetic or environmental distribution encounter
during development to produce genetically predetermined phenotype. ( Waddington , 1942 )

14. Developmental Change
Brain function Behaviour
Environmental factor
Gene expression
The process of change occur in human
beings throughout development .
Cognitive process
• All evolve in cross level
interactions and are
characterized as
dynamic developmental
change overtime.
• Both interpreted to
each other over given
time scale.

15. Stability – idea that personality traits remain
stable of a person over time.
Change – idea that a personality can shift
overtime as a result of life experiences.
In developmental theory :
- in this theory that certain personality certain
personality traits remain regardless of a persons
development.

16. A life long process of;
• Physical
• Behavioural
• Cognitive
• Emotional growth
Human development change
From the early stages of life
; from baby hood-child
hood-adolescence –
adulthood –enormous
change take place.

17. Nature vs. Nurture
. NATURE NURTURE
Influence of
external
factor ,product ,
experience and
learnings.
Pre-wiring and
influences by
genetics
inheritance or
other biological
factor.

18. Nature vs.
Nurture • Personality
• Cognitive traits temparant
• psychology
Concerned with the relative
Contribution of that both influence
make to human behaviour.

19. Approaches to psychology
Nature - Nurture
BIOLOICAL
APPROACH
Genetic ,ho
rmonal and
neurochemic
al
explanation
of
behaviour
PSYCHOAN
ALYSIS
Nature –
innate
drives of
sex and
aggression.
Nurture –
social
upbringing
in early
age .
COGNITIVE
PSYCHOLOGY
Innate
mental
structures
such as
schemas ,
perception ,
memory and
constant
change form
environment.
HUMANIS
M
Maslow
emphasized
basic needs
society
influences.
BEHAVIOURI
SM
Learn from
environment
through
conditioning

20. Nativism
Certain physical
characteristics are
biologically
determined by
genetic inheritance.
Simple
PowerPoint
Presentation
30%
Empiricism
Assumption ,at birth
human mind is a tabula
rasa and is gradually filled
as result of experiences.
Extreme Nature
Position
Extreme Nurture Position

21. Behavioural genetics
• Variation in behaviour as it is affected by genes.
• Heredity units pass down to offspring from parents.
• Able to quantify the nature and nurture of psychological traits.

22. Based on environmentalist
Differences are due to inbuilt biases methods
Differences of intellectual ability are product of social
inequalities.
Does not apply debate but is equally relevant to psychology of sex
and gender.

23. Genetic factors were mainly responsible
even going so far as to suggested that
intelligence is 80% inherited.
Mainly due to logical and empirical
weaknesses.
More social and political implications that
often drawn to demonstrate natural
inequalities between social groups.
Jenson 1969
Implications

24. • Demonstrate that multiple
genes collectively contribute on
specific behaviours.
• Apposed to being determined
by a single gene.
Polygenetic
inheritance

25. Assumption Debates
Nature
Vs.
Nurture
• Modify and create environments
correlate with their genetic
disposition.
• Environmental effects to
large extent really reflect to
genetic differences. ( Plomin &
Bergeman , 1991)
Assumes that correlation between environmental factors and
psychological outcomes caused environmentally.

26. Interaction
affects
-Assumes the psychological traits can
all be expressed numerically and that issue
can be resolve in quantitative manner.
-Nature and culture in a host of
qualitatively different ways.(
Johnston & edwards , 2002)

27. Nature and Nurture
The differences of human
development is always related to both
factor of genetic and experience that
make every evidences prove their
points.

28. References :
McLeod, S. A. (2018, December 20). Nature vs nurture in psychology. Simply Psychology.
www.simplypsychology.org/naturevsnurture.html
https://study.com/learn/lesson/continuity-vs-discontinuity-human-development.html
McLeod, S.A. (2017).Developmental Psychology. https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-
and-social-sciences-magazines/stability-psychological
Guedes, J., Melo, S. (2019). Continuity Theory. In: Gu, D., Dupre, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Gerontology
and Population Aging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_749-1
Front. Psychol., 10 October 2017
Sec. Developmental Psychology
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01774
Golenia L, Schoemaker MM, Otten E, Mouton LJ and Bongers RM (2017) What the Dynamic Systems
Approach Can Offer for Understanding Development: An Example of Mid-childhood Reaching. Front.
Psychol. 8:1774. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01774
Clarke, G. The genetic basis of developmental stability. IV. Individual and population asymmetry
parameters. Heredity 80, 553–561 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00326.x