ischemic heart Disease And_Myocardial infarction.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•27 views
Ischemic heart disease is caused by a lack of oxygenated blood flow to the heart muscle. The most common cause is coronary atherosclerosis which narrows or blocks the coronary arteries. This leads to myocardial ischemia and can result in angina, heart attack, or sudden cardiac death if left untreated. Heart attacks are specifically caused by prolonged ischemia and damage to the heart muscle. Risk factors include hypertension, smoking, obesity, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, cardiac enzyme levels, electrocardiogram changes, and imaging tests. Prompt treatment is important to limit damage to heart muscle.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Systemic disease involving cardiovascular system
1. Systemic diseases like autoimmune disorders can involve the cardiovascular system and cause manifestations such as pericarditis, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and congestive heart failure.
2. Diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory myopathies commonly affect the heart.
3. Many systemic diseases are associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and premature cardiovascular disease due to chronic inflammation.
L5 & 6 effects of htn on vessels & heart 20 (2)
This document discusses the effects of hypertension on vessels and the heart. It defines various types of hypertension and their causes. Essential or primary hypertension accounts for 95% of cases and results from genetic and environmental factors that increase blood volume and peripheral resistance. This causes pathological changes in vessels like hyaline arteriolosclerosis and hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis. Hypertension can also lead to hypertensive heart disease, causing left ventricular hypertrophy and eventually heart failure if not controlled. Pulmonary hypertension from lung diseases can cause right ventricular hypertrophy known as cor pulmonale. Long term hypertension increases the risks of stroke, heart disease, and renal failure.
Cvs misc-2-csbrp
This document discusses hypertensive heart disease and cardiomyopathies. It describes how hypertensive heart disease can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy over time as an adaptive response to chronic hypertension. If compensated, it may be asymptomatic, but can eventually lead to heart failure, arrhythmias or sudden death. Three main types of cardiomyopathy are discussed - dilated, hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by ventricular dilation and contractile dysfunction, while hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves thickened heart walls and restrictive cardiomyopathy decreases ventricular compliance. Various genetic and acquired causes are provided for each type.
Cardiac manifestation of systemic disease.pptx final
1. Cardiac involvement is common in many systemic diseases but often goes unrecognized as symptoms tend to manifest in other organ systems.
2. Diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can cause pericarditis, myocarditis, and heart valve issues.
3. Conditions involving the endocrine system like hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism impact heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac contractility.
Pathanatomy main diseases of blood vessels
Atherosclerosis is one of the main disorder of blood vessels. Atherosclerosis is one of the main leading cause of death worldwide.
3. heart patghology; ischemic heart diseases
The document discusses ischemic heart disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease. IHD is caused by atherosclerotic obstruction of the coronary arteries in over 90% of cases, restricting blood flow and oxygen delivery to heart muscle. The main types of IHD are myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, sudden cardiac death, and chronic IHD with heart failure. Myocardial infarction occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque ruptures, forming a thrombus that occludes the artery, causing heart muscle cell death.
Pathanatomy main diseases of blood vessels part - 3
Arterial hypertension is one of the major disorder of blood vessels. Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
Hypertensive hd, and cardiomyopathy 3
This document discusses various types of heart disease including hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathies, valvular heart disease, and infective endocarditis. It provides details on the criteria, morphology, causes, and clinical features of each condition. Specifically, it describes how hypertensive heart disease can cause left or right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. It also explains the differences between dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathies and their causes and features.
Recommended
Systemic disease involving cardiovascular system
1. Systemic diseases like autoimmune disorders can involve the cardiovascular system and cause manifestations such as pericarditis, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and congestive heart failure.
2. Diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory myopathies commonly affect the heart.
3. Many systemic diseases are associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and premature cardiovascular disease due to chronic inflammation.
L5 & 6 effects of htn on vessels & heart 20 (2)
This document discusses the effects of hypertension on vessels and the heart. It defines various types of hypertension and their causes. Essential or primary hypertension accounts for 95% of cases and results from genetic and environmental factors that increase blood volume and peripheral resistance. This causes pathological changes in vessels like hyaline arteriolosclerosis and hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis. Hypertension can also lead to hypertensive heart disease, causing left ventricular hypertrophy and eventually heart failure if not controlled. Pulmonary hypertension from lung diseases can cause right ventricular hypertrophy known as cor pulmonale. Long term hypertension increases the risks of stroke, heart disease, and renal failure.
Cvs misc-2-csbrp
This document discusses hypertensive heart disease and cardiomyopathies. It describes how hypertensive heart disease can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy over time as an adaptive response to chronic hypertension. If compensated, it may be asymptomatic, but can eventually lead to heart failure, arrhythmias or sudden death. Three main types of cardiomyopathy are discussed - dilated, hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by ventricular dilation and contractile dysfunction, while hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves thickened heart walls and restrictive cardiomyopathy decreases ventricular compliance. Various genetic and acquired causes are provided for each type.
Cardiac manifestation of systemic disease.pptx final
1. Cardiac involvement is common in many systemic diseases but often goes unrecognized as symptoms tend to manifest in other organ systems.
2. Diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can cause pericarditis, myocarditis, and heart valve issues.
3. Conditions involving the endocrine system like hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism impact heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac contractility.
Pathanatomy main diseases of blood vessels
Atherosclerosis is one of the main disorder of blood vessels. Atherosclerosis is one of the main leading cause of death worldwide.
3. heart patghology; ischemic heart diseases
The document discusses ischemic heart disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease. IHD is caused by atherosclerotic obstruction of the coronary arteries in over 90% of cases, restricting blood flow and oxygen delivery to heart muscle. The main types of IHD are myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, sudden cardiac death, and chronic IHD with heart failure. Myocardial infarction occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque ruptures, forming a thrombus that occludes the artery, causing heart muscle cell death.
Pathanatomy main diseases of blood vessels part - 3
Arterial hypertension is one of the major disorder of blood vessels. Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
Hypertensive hd, and cardiomyopathy 3
This document discusses various types of heart disease including hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathies, valvular heart disease, and infective endocarditis. It provides details on the criteria, morphology, causes, and clinical features of each condition. Specifically, it describes how hypertensive heart disease can cause left or right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. It also explains the differences between dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathies and their causes and features.
Cardiology Class
This document discusses syncope, fatigue, and peripheral edema. It defines syncope as a brief loss of consciousness and describes results from the Framingham Heart Study showing increased incidence with age. Common causes of syncope include vasovagal attacks and cardiac arrhythmias. Fatigue is a feeling of tiredness that can have physical or mental causes and may be a symptom of cardiovascular disease. Peripheral edema is swelling caused by fluid in tissues and can occur in heart failure, cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome due to changes in capillary dynamics and sodium retention.
Hypertension sequel 1
Hypertension can lead to several serious health conditions:
1. It increases the risk of heart disease by damaging blood vessels and causing the heart to work harder, which can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, and coronary artery disease with heart attacks.
2. It is a major risk factor for stroke by damaging blood vessels in the brain.
3. It can cause aneurysms by weakening artery walls over time, potentially leading to ruptures with internal bleeding.
Pathology of heart
Heart is a muscular organ. Pathology of heart indicates any disorder of heart, a properly functioning heart is important to sustain a live because it pumps blood out to whole body providing oxygen and nutrients. Here I've discussed on two common cardiovascular pathological condition.
Clinical pathology
Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced, depriving it of oxygen. It can be caused by conditions like atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Treatment aims to improve blood flow and may include medications, angioplasty, or bypass surgery. Left untreated, prolonged ischemia can lead to a myocardial infarction (heart attack).
8. Disease of myocardium
The document discusses disease of the myocardium or heart muscle. It identifies two main categories: 1) primary or idiopathic cardiomyopathy and 2) specific heart muscle disease which includes myocarditis and heart muscle disease associated with other conditions like toxins, metabolic disorders, etc. Myocarditis is defined as inflammation of the heart muscle with leukocyte infiltration and necrosis of heart muscle cells. Causes include various viruses, bacteria, hypersensitivity reactions, and some cases are idiopathic. Primary cardiomyopathy is divided into three patterns: dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive.
Ischemic Heart Disease(IHD)
1. Ischemic heart disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease, is caused by an imbalance between the heart's oxygen supply and demand, and is commonly seen in middle-aged men and post-menopausal women.
2. The major cause is coronary atherosclerosis, which causes plaque buildup in the coronary arteries and can lead to conditions like angina, acute myocardial infarction (MI), and sudden cardiac death.
3. Acute MI occurs when a coronary artery becomes blocked, causing localized heart muscle cell death from lack of oxygen. It is a medical emergency characterized by chest pain and changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac enzyme levels.
Myocardial infarction
The document defines MI as the permanent destruction of heart muscle cells due to reduced blood flow in a coronary artery, usually caused by atherosclerosis or a blood clot blocking an artery. It lists the main causes of MI as coronary atherosclerosis (around 90% of cases) or non-atherosclerotic causes like vasospasm, embolism, or decreased oxygen supply. Signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, complications, and treatments for MI are also outlined.
CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE
This document provides an overview of congestive cardiac failure, including its pathophysiology, causes, clinical presentation, and treatment. It discusses how chronic heart failure results from the heart's inability to adequately pump blood to meet the needs of tissues. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and ankle swelling. Treatment aims to improve heart function, control secondary symptoms, and delay disease progression through drug therapy and management of underlying causes and risk factors.
Hypertensive heart disease (hhd)
Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) is a hypertrophic adaptive response of the heart to hypertension that can progress to myocardial dysfunction, cardiac dilatation, congestive heart failure, and sudden death if not controlled. The degree of hypertrophy varies depending on the underlying cause, ranging from 350-1000 grams. The pattern of hypertrophy also reflects the stimulus, with pressure overload causing a concentric thickening pattern and volume overload a dilation with increased ventricular diameter. Chronic cor pulmonale is characterized by a markedly dilated and hypertrophied right ventricle secondary to prolonged pulmonary hypertension from obstruction or compression of the lungs.
Ischemic heart disease_Myocardial infarction_
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) results from inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle. There are four main clinical syndromes: angina, myocardial infarction (MI), chronic IHD, and sudden cardiac death. MI, also called a heart attack, is caused by necrosis of heart muscle due to ischemia. It is usually the result of a coronary artery becoming blocked by a blood clot, causing severe chest pain and potential heart damage or death if not promptly treated. Complications of MI can include cardiac rupture, arrhythmias, heart failure, and aneurysm formation. The risk of complications depends on infarct size, location, and thickness of the damaged heart muscle.
Lecture 8 hypertension - Pathology
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, affects over 50 million Americans and is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. The cardiovascular system regulates blood pressure through a balance of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. Dysregulation of these factors can lead to hypertension. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and autonomic nervous system also play key roles in regulating blood pressure. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by an imbalance in vasodilating and vasoconstricting substances, contributes to the development of hypertension over time and increased risk of cardiovascular events.
Hypertension sequel - 2
This document discusses the sequelae and complications of hypertension. It begins by outlining its effects on the nervous system, including risks of transient ischemic attack, stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, dementia, and mild cognitive impairment. Kidney damage is also detailed, such as hypertensive nephropathy, glomerulosclerosis, kidney failure, and renal artery aneurysms. Additional complications covered include retinal damage causing retinopathy, choroidopathy, and optic neuropathy; sexual dysfunction; osteoporosis; and obstructive sleep apnea. Hypertensive crises of urgencies and emergencies are defined in relation to end-organ dysfunction. Quizzes are also provided to test understanding.
Ischaemic Heart Disease(IHD)
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), is caused by an imbalance between the heart muscle's supply and demand for oxygenated blood. IHD is commonly caused by coronary atherosclerosis which leads to the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries and reduces blood flow. This can result in ischemia, infarction, and complications such as angina, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. MI occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque ruptures, causing a blood clot that blocks one of the coronary arteries and leads to cell death in the heart muscle. Diagnosis of MI involves clinical features, electrocardiogram changes, and elevated cardiac enzyme markers in the
Pathophysiology of Heart failure
This document discusses heart failure, including its definition, causes, types, and compensatory mechanisms. Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by intrinsic pump failure, an increased workload on the heart, or impaired filling of the cardiac chambers. The types of heart failure include acute or chronic, right-sided or left-sided, and forward or backward failure. When the heart begins to fail, compensatory mechanisms such as cardiac hypertrophy, dilation, and increased heart rate attempt to maintain adequate blood circulation.
Pathophysiology of "Heart failure"
This document discusses the pathophysiology of heart failure. It describes how heart failure can result from abnormalities in systolic or diastolic cardiac function. In heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the left ventricle contracts poorly and cannot adequately pump blood. In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), left ventricular filling is impaired. Both types result in inadequate blood flow and organ congestion. The document discusses neurohormonal changes, organ dysfunction, and other compensatory mechanisms involved in heart failure.
Myocarditis
This document discusses myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle. It can be caused by various infections, autoimmune disorders, or allergic drug reactions. Symptoms may include chest pain, arrhythmias, shortness of breath, edema, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves collecting a medical history, physical exam, blood tests, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and potentially a myocardial biopsy. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, managing heart failure symptoms, and supporting heart function through devices or transplants in severe cases. Nursing diagnoses for patients include risks of decreased cardiac output and ineffective tissue perfusion due to reduced blood flow and pressure, as well as acute pain, deficiency in knowledge, and anxiety.
Ischemic heart diseases 2
1) Ischemic heart disease results from an imbalance between the heart's demand for oxygenated blood and the supply delivered by the coronary arteries, usually due to atherosclerotic plaque buildup.
2) It manifests as stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, or sudden cardiac death.
3) Myocardial infarction occurs when a blockage in a coronary artery results in prolonged ischemia and cell death in the heart muscle.
Ischemic Heart Disease
This document discusses ischemic heart disease and coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease is caused by atherosclerosis which develops due to risk factors like smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Clinical presentations include stable angina, unstable angina, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, and ST elevation myocardial infarction. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications, medications like antiplatelets, anticoagulants, and statins, as well as procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting.
Cardiomyopathies
Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the myocardium that cause mechanical and electrical dysfunction. There are three main types: dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and restrictive cardiomyopathy.
Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by heart dilation and impaired contraction. It is usually caused by genetic factors or toxins. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy causes thickened heart muscle and diastolic dysfunction, often due to genetic mutations. Restrictive cardiomyopathy decreases heart compliance through fibrosis from diseases like amyloidosis. Each type has distinct morphological and clinical features.
Ischemic Heart disease
Ischemic heart disease (IHD), also called coronary heart disease, is the leading cause of death in developed countries. It is caused by a reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle due to blockages in the coronary arteries, usually from atherosclerosis. The main risk factors for IHD are age, sex, family history, hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, and stress. Symptoms include chest pain called angina and heart attacks. Diagnosis involves ECG and cardiac enzyme tests. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medications to reduce risk factors and chest pain, while procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery can restore blood flow. Regular exercise, diet, not smoking, and controlling conditions like diabetes
ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE (IHD)
The document discusses coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. It begins by describing normal coronary anatomy and physiology. It then defines ischemic heart disease and discusses its epidemiology and etiopathogenesis, focusing on atherosclerosis and other causes. It describes coronary syndromes like stable angina, unstable angina, and acute myocardial infarction. It provides details on pathogenesis, clinical features, and complications of myocardial infarction.
Cardiovascular Pathophysiology- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)/Ischaemic Heart...
This document provides an overview of coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD), including their definition, clinical manifestations, and pathophysiology. CAD/IHD results from an imbalance between the heart's oxygen supply and demand. It is most commonly caused by a narrowing of the coronary arteries. The two main clinical manifestations are: 1) Angina pectoris, which presents as chest pain that occurs with exertion and is relieved by rest, and 2) Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, which is caused by cell death in the heart muscle due to lack of oxygen. MI is a medical emergency and a leading cause of death worldwide.
More Related Content
What's hot
Cardiology Class
This document discusses syncope, fatigue, and peripheral edema. It defines syncope as a brief loss of consciousness and describes results from the Framingham Heart Study showing increased incidence with age. Common causes of syncope include vasovagal attacks and cardiac arrhythmias. Fatigue is a feeling of tiredness that can have physical or mental causes and may be a symptom of cardiovascular disease. Peripheral edema is swelling caused by fluid in tissues and can occur in heart failure, cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome due to changes in capillary dynamics and sodium retention.
Hypertension sequel 1
Hypertension can lead to several serious health conditions:
1. It increases the risk of heart disease by damaging blood vessels and causing the heart to work harder, which can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, and coronary artery disease with heart attacks.
2. It is a major risk factor for stroke by damaging blood vessels in the brain.
3. It can cause aneurysms by weakening artery walls over time, potentially leading to ruptures with internal bleeding.
Pathology of heart
Heart is a muscular organ. Pathology of heart indicates any disorder of heart, a properly functioning heart is important to sustain a live because it pumps blood out to whole body providing oxygen and nutrients. Here I've discussed on two common cardiovascular pathological condition.
Clinical pathology
Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced, depriving it of oxygen. It can be caused by conditions like atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Treatment aims to improve blood flow and may include medications, angioplasty, or bypass surgery. Left untreated, prolonged ischemia can lead to a myocardial infarction (heart attack).
8. Disease of myocardium
The document discusses disease of the myocardium or heart muscle. It identifies two main categories: 1) primary or idiopathic cardiomyopathy and 2) specific heart muscle disease which includes myocarditis and heart muscle disease associated with other conditions like toxins, metabolic disorders, etc. Myocarditis is defined as inflammation of the heart muscle with leukocyte infiltration and necrosis of heart muscle cells. Causes include various viruses, bacteria, hypersensitivity reactions, and some cases are idiopathic. Primary cardiomyopathy is divided into three patterns: dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive.
Ischemic Heart Disease(IHD)
1. Ischemic heart disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease, is caused by an imbalance between the heart's oxygen supply and demand, and is commonly seen in middle-aged men and post-menopausal women.
2. The major cause is coronary atherosclerosis, which causes plaque buildup in the coronary arteries and can lead to conditions like angina, acute myocardial infarction (MI), and sudden cardiac death.
3. Acute MI occurs when a coronary artery becomes blocked, causing localized heart muscle cell death from lack of oxygen. It is a medical emergency characterized by chest pain and changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac enzyme levels.
Myocardial infarction
The document defines MI as the permanent destruction of heart muscle cells due to reduced blood flow in a coronary artery, usually caused by atherosclerosis or a blood clot blocking an artery. It lists the main causes of MI as coronary atherosclerosis (around 90% of cases) or non-atherosclerotic causes like vasospasm, embolism, or decreased oxygen supply. Signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, complications, and treatments for MI are also outlined.
CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE
This document provides an overview of congestive cardiac failure, including its pathophysiology, causes, clinical presentation, and treatment. It discusses how chronic heart failure results from the heart's inability to adequately pump blood to meet the needs of tissues. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and ankle swelling. Treatment aims to improve heart function, control secondary symptoms, and delay disease progression through drug therapy and management of underlying causes and risk factors.
Hypertensive heart disease (hhd)
Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) is a hypertrophic adaptive response of the heart to hypertension that can progress to myocardial dysfunction, cardiac dilatation, congestive heart failure, and sudden death if not controlled. The degree of hypertrophy varies depending on the underlying cause, ranging from 350-1000 grams. The pattern of hypertrophy also reflects the stimulus, with pressure overload causing a concentric thickening pattern and volume overload a dilation with increased ventricular diameter. Chronic cor pulmonale is characterized by a markedly dilated and hypertrophied right ventricle secondary to prolonged pulmonary hypertension from obstruction or compression of the lungs.
Ischemic heart disease_Myocardial infarction_
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) results from inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle. There are four main clinical syndromes: angina, myocardial infarction (MI), chronic IHD, and sudden cardiac death. MI, also called a heart attack, is caused by necrosis of heart muscle due to ischemia. It is usually the result of a coronary artery becoming blocked by a blood clot, causing severe chest pain and potential heart damage or death if not promptly treated. Complications of MI can include cardiac rupture, arrhythmias, heart failure, and aneurysm formation. The risk of complications depends on infarct size, location, and thickness of the damaged heart muscle.
Lecture 8 hypertension - Pathology
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, affects over 50 million Americans and is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. The cardiovascular system regulates blood pressure through a balance of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. Dysregulation of these factors can lead to hypertension. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and autonomic nervous system also play key roles in regulating blood pressure. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by an imbalance in vasodilating and vasoconstricting substances, contributes to the development of hypertension over time and increased risk of cardiovascular events.
Hypertension sequel - 2
This document discusses the sequelae and complications of hypertension. It begins by outlining its effects on the nervous system, including risks of transient ischemic attack, stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, dementia, and mild cognitive impairment. Kidney damage is also detailed, such as hypertensive nephropathy, glomerulosclerosis, kidney failure, and renal artery aneurysms. Additional complications covered include retinal damage causing retinopathy, choroidopathy, and optic neuropathy; sexual dysfunction; osteoporosis; and obstructive sleep apnea. Hypertensive crises of urgencies and emergencies are defined in relation to end-organ dysfunction. Quizzes are also provided to test understanding.
Ischaemic Heart Disease(IHD)
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), is caused by an imbalance between the heart muscle's supply and demand for oxygenated blood. IHD is commonly caused by coronary atherosclerosis which leads to the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries and reduces blood flow. This can result in ischemia, infarction, and complications such as angina, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. MI occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque ruptures, causing a blood clot that blocks one of the coronary arteries and leads to cell death in the heart muscle. Diagnosis of MI involves clinical features, electrocardiogram changes, and elevated cardiac enzyme markers in the
Pathophysiology of Heart failure
This document discusses heart failure, including its definition, causes, types, and compensatory mechanisms. Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by intrinsic pump failure, an increased workload on the heart, or impaired filling of the cardiac chambers. The types of heart failure include acute or chronic, right-sided or left-sided, and forward or backward failure. When the heart begins to fail, compensatory mechanisms such as cardiac hypertrophy, dilation, and increased heart rate attempt to maintain adequate blood circulation.
Pathophysiology of "Heart failure"
This document discusses the pathophysiology of heart failure. It describes how heart failure can result from abnormalities in systolic or diastolic cardiac function. In heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the left ventricle contracts poorly and cannot adequately pump blood. In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), left ventricular filling is impaired. Both types result in inadequate blood flow and organ congestion. The document discusses neurohormonal changes, organ dysfunction, and other compensatory mechanisms involved in heart failure.
Myocarditis
This document discusses myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle. It can be caused by various infections, autoimmune disorders, or allergic drug reactions. Symptoms may include chest pain, arrhythmias, shortness of breath, edema, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves collecting a medical history, physical exam, blood tests, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and potentially a myocardial biopsy. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, managing heart failure symptoms, and supporting heart function through devices or transplants in severe cases. Nursing diagnoses for patients include risks of decreased cardiac output and ineffective tissue perfusion due to reduced blood flow and pressure, as well as acute pain, deficiency in knowledge, and anxiety.
Ischemic heart diseases 2
1) Ischemic heart disease results from an imbalance between the heart's demand for oxygenated blood and the supply delivered by the coronary arteries, usually due to atherosclerotic plaque buildup.
2) It manifests as stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, or sudden cardiac death.
3) Myocardial infarction occurs when a blockage in a coronary artery results in prolonged ischemia and cell death in the heart muscle.
Ischemic Heart Disease
This document discusses ischemic heart disease and coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease is caused by atherosclerosis which develops due to risk factors like smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Clinical presentations include stable angina, unstable angina, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, and ST elevation myocardial infarction. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications, medications like antiplatelets, anticoagulants, and statins, as well as procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting.
Cardiomyopathies
Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the myocardium that cause mechanical and electrical dysfunction. There are three main types: dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and restrictive cardiomyopathy.
Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by heart dilation and impaired contraction. It is usually caused by genetic factors or toxins. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy causes thickened heart muscle and diastolic dysfunction, often due to genetic mutations. Restrictive cardiomyopathy decreases heart compliance through fibrosis from diseases like amyloidosis. Each type has distinct morphological and clinical features.
Ischemic Heart disease
Ischemic heart disease (IHD), also called coronary heart disease, is the leading cause of death in developed countries. It is caused by a reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle due to blockages in the coronary arteries, usually from atherosclerosis. The main risk factors for IHD are age, sex, family history, hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, and stress. Symptoms include chest pain called angina and heart attacks. Diagnosis involves ECG and cardiac enzyme tests. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medications to reduce risk factors and chest pain, while procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery can restore blood flow. Regular exercise, diet, not smoking, and controlling conditions like diabetes
What's hot (20)
Similar to ischemic heart Disease And_Myocardial infarction.pptx
ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE (IHD)
The document discusses coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. It begins by describing normal coronary anatomy and physiology. It then defines ischemic heart disease and discusses its epidemiology and etiopathogenesis, focusing on atherosclerosis and other causes. It describes coronary syndromes like stable angina, unstable angina, and acute myocardial infarction. It provides details on pathogenesis, clinical features, and complications of myocardial infarction.
Cardiovascular Pathophysiology- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)/Ischaemic Heart...
This document provides an overview of coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD), including their definition, clinical manifestations, and pathophysiology. CAD/IHD results from an imbalance between the heart's oxygen supply and demand. It is most commonly caused by a narrowing of the coronary arteries. The two main clinical manifestations are: 1) Angina pectoris, which presents as chest pain that occurs with exertion and is relieved by rest, and 2) Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, which is caused by cell death in the heart muscle due to lack of oxygen. MI is a medical emergency and a leading cause of death worldwide.
IHD - TA L2.pptx
The document provides information on ischemic heart disease (IHD), including:
1) IHD is caused by inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle and can be due to blockages in the coronary arteries from atherosclerosis or other causes like vasospasm.
2) IHD can present as stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, or heart failure. A myocardial infarction occurs when prolonged ischemia causes death of heart muscle tissue.
3) The pathology of a myocardial infarction involves plaque rupture, thrombus formation, and complete blockage of blood flow leading to irreversible damage to heart muscle within minutes to hours.
myocardial infraction.pptx
The document defines myocardial infarction (MI) or heart attack as the death of heart muscle cells due to reduced blood flow. It describes 5 types of MI based on cause. The pathophysiology involves atherosclerotic plaque rupture blocking a coronary artery and cutting off oxygen to heart muscle. Risk factors include age, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes and hypertension. MI is a leading cause of death and its symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Blood tests can detect elevated cardiac biomarkers to diagnose MI.
CARDIAC EMERGENCY
This document provides information about cardiac emergencies presented by Mrs. Shalini, an Assistant Professor of Nursing. It defines cardiac emergencies and lists the learning objectives. The major cardiac emergencies discussed include acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, sudden cardiac death, cardiac tamponade, hypertensive emergencies, and dysrhythmias. For each emergency, the document provides definitions, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, management, and nursing care considerations.
CVS pathology 3 - ischemic heart disease, angina and myocardial infarction 20...
Pathology of ischemic heart disease, angina and myocardial infarction for medical and health care students
Bems Kiran presentation1
Ischemic heart disease, also known as coronary artery disease, refers to a group of syndromes caused by an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. The most common cause is atherosclerotic narrowing of the coronary arteries. Risk factors include age, male sex, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and smoking. Angina occurs when ischemia is reversible, while a myocardial infarction involves cell death due to prolonged ischemia. Diagnosis involves symptoms, electrocardiogram changes, and elevated cardiac enzymes. Chronic ischemic heart disease can lead to heart failure over time due to multifocal scarring.
Atherosclerosis
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Seminar Prepared by :-
Ali Abdulazeem
Shilan Adnan Abdulrahman
Alaa Shamil
Guldan Hameed
Internal Medicine
College of Medicine - University of Kirkuk
Heart disorders
This document summarizes several common heart disorders:
- Coronary heart disease is caused by plaque buildup in the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart. Atherosclerosis is a similar condition where plaques develop inside arterial walls.
- Chest pain called angina occurs due to insufficient blood supply to the heart. Arrhythmias happen when the heart's electrical system malfunctions, causing irregular heartbeats.
- Congestive heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Other disorders discussed include stroke, myocardial infarction, hypotension, hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, and congenital heart disease. Risk factors and treatments are also outlined.
Acute myocardial infraction
This document provides objectives and content about acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or heart attack. It begins with objectives of explaining AMI and its various aspects. It then defines AMI as reduced blood flow in a coronary artery due to atherosclerosis or thrombus. It discusses the incidence, classifications, risk factors like hypertension and smoking, etiological factors, pathophysiology of plaque buildup and thrombus formation blocking blood flow. It covers clinical features like chest pain, diagnostic evaluation including ECG, cardiac enzymes and angiography. It outlines management including pharmacological treatments, angioplasty, and other surgical procedures to reopen blocked arteries and restore blood flow to the heart.
Cardiovascular system pathology
Cardiovascular System Pathology outlines several conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. Ischemic heart disease is usually caused by coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis, and can manifest as stable or unstable angina or myocardial infarction. Congestive heart failure results from various cardiac diseases that impair the heart's ability to pump blood sufficiently. Valvular heart diseases include calcific aortic stenosis, mitral valve prolapse, and rheumatic heart disease. Congenital heart defects are common, such as coarctation of the aorta, tetralogy of Fallot, and ventricular septal defects.
List of heart diseases pdf.pdf
The human heart is a muscular organ with four chambers The size of the heart is the size of about a clenched fist. The function of the heart is to maintain a constant flow of blood throughout the body. This replenishes oxygen and circulates nutrients among the cells and tissues.
Several conditions impair the heart’s function. In Medical Terminology we use the term "heart disease". A list of Some Heart diseases is as follows:-
1(a). Disorders of heart rate, rhythm, and conduction
1.1 Sinus Arrhythmia -
Phasic alteration of heart rate during respiration may be due to activity in the parasympathetic system. can be two types:-
sinus bradycardia - Sinus rate is less than 60/min, Like normally present in Athletes.
Pathological Causes -Myocardial Infarction, Sinus Node Disease, Hypothermia, Hypothyroidism, Cholestatic jaundice, Raised Intracranial pressure, drugs like beta-blockers or verapamil.
Sinus Tachycardia - Heart rate of more than 100/min, it may be associated with exercise, pregnancy, and emotion.
After that Pathological Causes of Anxiety, Fever, Anemia, Heart Failure, Thyrotoxicosis, Phaeochromocytoma, and Drugs like bronchodilators.
1.2 Atrial tachyarrhythmias
Heart Disease having Atrial tachyarrhythmias are irregular fast heartbeat in the upper chambers of the heart(atria)
1.3 Atrial ectopic beats
Ectopic heartbeats are extra heartbeats that occur just before a regular beat. Ectopic beats are normal but can give the sensation of a missed beat.
1.4 Atrial tachycardia
It is a type of Heart Disease in which arrhythmia(an irregular heart rhythm) causes the upper chambers(atria) of the heart to beat faster than normal. This condition has several possible causes but is usually not dangerous. It is often curable or manageable with medication.
1.5 Atrial flutter
It Is one of the abnormal heart rhythms characterized by the right atrium beating quickly and encircling the tricuspid annulus.
1.6 Atrial fibrillation
In AF the upper chambers of the heart (the atria) beat irregularly instead of beating effectively to move blood into the ventricles. It is characterized by the presence of multiple, interacting re-entry circuits looping around the area. if untreated atrial fibrillation doubles the risk of heart-related deaths and associated serious conditions like stroke.
common causes may be coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, hypertension, sinoatrial disease, hyperthyroidism, alcohol, cardiomyopathy, chest infection, congenital heart disease, pericardial disease, and pulmonary embolism.
2.7. Cardiomyopathies_ lecture.ppt
This document discusses different types of cardiomyopathy, including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and restrictive cardiomyopathy. DCM is characterized by enlarged heart chambers and reduced systolic function. HCM involves thickened heart muscle and potential outflow tract obstruction. Restrictive cardiomyopathy restricts heart filling due to stiff heart muscles. The causes, clinical presentations, diagnostic evaluations, and management strategies are described for each type of cardiomyopathy.
MI.pptx
This document provides an overview of myocardial infarction (MI), also known as a heart attack. It defines MI as irreversible damage to the heart muscle caused by prolonged lack of oxygenated blood flow. The document discusses the types of MIs, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment options. Treatment involves both pharmacological interventions like thrombolytics, anticoagulants, and antiplatelet drugs, as well as non-pharmacological lifestyle changes and procedures like angioplasty, stenting, and coronary artery bypass grafting.
ACUTE MI
Myocardial infarction occurs when there is prolonged ischemia to the heart muscle due to reduced oxygen supply or increased oxygen demand. It is usually caused by formation of a blood clot within a coronary artery blocking blood flow. Diagnosis is made through symptoms, electrocardiogram changes, and cardiac biomarker levels. Treatment involves oxygen, aspirin, nitrates, beta blockers, fibrinolytics or percutaneous coronary intervention to restore blood flow, as well as long term medications like statins to prevent future heart attacks.
Myocardial Infraction pathology 20130000
An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when blood flow to an area of the heart is suddenly blocked, causing death of heart muscle cells due to lack of oxygen. The most common cause is rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque in a coronary artery. Treatment aims to restore blood flow as quickly as possible through fibrinolytic drugs, angioplasty, or bypass surgery. Complications include heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmias, or cardiac wall rupture. Aggressive management is needed to restore perfusion and support cardiac function.
disorders of veins.pptx
This document discusses common disorders of arteries and veins, focusing on hypertensive vascular disease and atherosclerosis. It defines hypertension and outlines the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Complications include stroke, heart disease, and renal failure. The document describes hyaline and hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis seen in hypertension. It also summarizes the risk factors, pathogenesis, and morphology of atherosclerosis, noting its role in cardiovascular diseases.
myocardial infarction
This document presents information on the management of myocardial infarction presented by several students. It discusses immediate management including oxygen, analgesics, antiemetics and aspirin. Early management within the first 12 hours includes analgesics, antithrombotic therapy with antiplatelet drugs like aspirin and clopidogrel as well as anticoagulants. It also discusses anti-anginal therapy and reperfusion therapy.
MANAGEMENT OF MEDICALLY COMPROMISED PATIENTS- CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASES ISCHE...
This document provides an overview of ischemic heart disease (IHD), including its epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, and management. IHD refers to conditions caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, including angina, heart attack, and heart failure. The leading cause is atherosclerosis which narrows the coronary arteries and reduces blood supply. Common risk factors include age, family history, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and high cholesterol. Signs and symptoms vary but commonly include chest pain or discomfort that may radiate to the arm or jaw and is brought on by activity or stress.
CVD.pptx
Atherosclerosis develops as a chronic inflammatory response to endothelial injury. Lesions progress through interactions between modified lipoproteins, immune cells, and arterial wall cells. Atherosclerosis is characterized by atheromatous plaques that protrude into and obstruct arteries. Major complications include myocardial infarction, stroke, aneurysms, and peripheral vascular disease. Coronary artery disease occurs when plaques accumulate in the coronary arteries, restricting blood flow and oxygen supply to heart muscle. Left untreated, coronary artery disease can progress to myocardial infarction.
Similar to ischemic heart Disease And_Myocardial infarction.pptx (20)
Cardiovascular Pathophysiology- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)/Ischaemic Heart...
Cardiovascular Pathophysiology- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)/Ischaemic Heart...
CVS pathology 3 - ischemic heart disease, angina and myocardial infarction 20...
CVS pathology 3 - ischemic heart disease, angina and myocardial infarction 20...
MANAGEMENT OF MEDICALLY COMPROMISED PATIENTS- CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASES ISCHE...
MANAGEMENT OF MEDICALLY COMPROMISED PATIENTS- CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASES ISCHE...
More from Shubham Shukla
tuberculosis-150808111627-lva1-app6891.pdf
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that mainly affects the lungs. It can spread through droplets in the air from coughing or sneezing. Symptoms include coughing, chest pain, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves sputum tests, chest x-rays, and tuberculin skin tests. Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics taken for 6-9 months. Preventive measures include BCG vaccination, isolation, and proper ventilation. Drug-resistant TB strains like MDR-TB and XDR-TB require longer and more toxic treatment regimens. HIV co-infection increases the risk of active TB disease.
Autonomic nervous system.pptx
The nervous system controls and coordinates the activities of the body. It has both voluntary and involuntary functions. The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion. It has two divisions - the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems which generally have opposing effects on organs. The sympathetic system prepares the body for fight or flight while the parasympathetic maintains normal functions. Dysfunctions of the autonomic nervous system can cause issues like high blood pressure, digestive problems, and more.
LIVER [Autosaved](1).pptx
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that can be caused by viral infections, alcohol, medications, toxins, and autoimmune diseases. The liver performs many important functions including producing chemicals and nutrients, removing waste, and guarding against infection. Hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and E are the most common causes of viral hepatitis. Hepatitis can range from an acute infection that heals on its own to a chronic infection that causes long-term liver damage. Treatment and lifestyle changes can help manage hepatitis and prevent further liver damage.
#Tests for detection of Vish-PPT Final#.pptx
Dr. Sunita Rajput gave a lecture on ancient and modern techniques for detecting poisons. In ancient times, tests included examining poisoned materials in animals, burning materials and analyzing the characteristics. Symptoms were analyzed according to poison type, administration method, site of poisoning, and material used. Modern techniques include analyzing vomit, stool, pupils, symptoms and preserved viscera through techniques like chromatography, spectroscopy, and immunoassay to detect specific poisons.
Environmental toxicology.pptx
Environmental toxicology deals with the harmful impacts of pollutants on living organisms. Pollutants include chemicals present in the air, soil, and water due to human activity. More than 60,000 chemicals are in common use and pollution is increasing due to industrialization. Pollution can cause respiratory issues, central nervous system depression, and acute toxicity. Ecotoxicology examines the effects of pollutants on ecosystems and communities. Major types of pollution include water, air, and land pollution which can contaminate resources and spread disease. Chemical, biological, nuclear and radiological weapons can also harm humans through inhalation, ingestion and absorption.
SHUBHAM SHUKLA ROLL NO - 47 SNAKE BITE.pptx
This document provides an overview of snake bites, including:
- Epidemiology data showing millions of snake bites globally each year resulting in tens of thousands of deaths
- Classification of venomous snakes into the Elapidae and Viperidae families
- Signs and symptoms of bites from common poisonous Indian snakes like cobras, kraits, and vipers which can include local effects, paralysis, hemorrhaging, and death from respiratory or cardiac failure
- Differences in symptoms and progression between neurotoxic and hemotoxic snake bites
- Diagnosis involving tests of muscle function and blood coagulation
- Management involving first aid, antivenom administration, and supportive care
- Possible post-mortem findings depending
Respiratory system and lungs.pptx
The document summarizes key aspects of respiratory anatomy and physiology. It describes the structure and function of the lungs, including details on lobes and fissures, vascular and lymphatic supply, innervation and development. It also discusses common respiratory diseases and clinical relevance of respiratory anatomy, such as in bronchoscopy, pneumonia, tuberculosis, asthma and lung cancer.
Ulcerative collitis.pptx
Ulcerative colitis is a form of inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the colon. It has various symptoms depending on how much of the colon is affected, including bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. The exact causes are unclear but may involve genetics, environment, and immune system issues. Treatment focuses on managing active symptoms through medications like aminosalicylates, steroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics. Surgery to remove all or part of the colon may be needed if other treatments are not effective.
Rheumatoid Arthritis.pptx
This document provides an overview of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and management. RA is a chronic autoimmune disorder causing symmetrical polyarthritis, most commonly affecting the small joints of the hands and feet. It results from a breakdown of self-tolerance and cytokine-mediated inflammation that leads to joint destruction. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, serology tests, and x-ray findings. Treatment involves NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and disease-modifying drugs to suppress symptoms and prevent long-term joint damage.
obesity .ppt
This document provides an overview of obesity including its definition, measurement, types, causes, health complications, and management. It begins with defining obesity as an excess accumulation of body fat that can impair health. It then discusses several methods for measuring obesity including BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and skinfold thickness. The document also covers the types, causes at various biological levels, health effects involving metabolic, cardiovascular and other risks, as well as approaches for treatment including lifestyle changes, medications, and surgery.
Symptoms Signs and Investigations in Cardiovascular Disease.pptx
This document summarizes common symptoms and signs seen in cardiovascular disease. It describes symptoms like breathlessness, chest pain, palpitations, edema and fatigue. Physical exam findings covered include vital signs, jugular venous pressure, heart sounds and murmurs. A detailed cardiac exam is outlined checking pulse, blood pressure, precordium, auscultation of heart sounds and murmurs in different areas. Other relevant exams of lungs and abdomen are also mentioned.
sciatica final.pptx
Sciatica is a sharp shooting pain in the lower extremity caused by irritation of the sciatic nerve. The pain is felt from the lower back down the back of the thigh and leg. Common causes include herniated discs, spinal stenosis, and spondylolisthesis. Symptoms include radiating pain, numbness, and tingling from the back through the leg. Diagnosis involves physical exams and imaging tests like MRI. Treatment focuses on self-care methods like stretching and pain medication.
rheumatic fever.ppsx
Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop after strep throat or scarlet fever infections. It causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle. Symptoms include fever, painful joints, rashes, and involuntary movements. It is caused by an immune response to streptococcus bacteria that allows antibodies to attack heart and joint tissues. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and testing is needed to monitor heart complications. Treatment focuses on preventing recurrent infections and reducing inflammation and symptoms.
UTI.pptx
This document provides an overview of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It discusses the epidemiology, etiology, classification, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of UTIs. UTIs are common, especially in women, and are usually caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract and ascending to the bladder or kidneys. Symptoms vary depending on the location and severity of infection. Diagnosis involves urinalysis and culture. Treatment involves antibiotics targeted to the specific pathogen.
Skin diseases.pptx
This document provides information about various skin diseases and disorders. It begins by defining different primary skin lesions such as macules, papules, nodules, etc. It then classifies skin disorders into five main categories: acute inflammatory dermatoses, chronic inflammatory dermatoses, infectious dermatoses, blistering disorders, and skin tumors. Examples of specific conditions are provided for each category. More detail is given about conditions like eczema, urticaria, pemphigus, and psoriasis - outlining their pathogenesis, clinical features, types, treatment and more. In summary, the document covers a wide range of skin diseases and lesions at both a high level and with more in-depth explanations of
THYROID'.pptx
This document provides an overview of the thyroid gland and thyroid disorders. It discusses the location and function of the thyroid gland and the hormones it produces. It then describes different thyroid disorders like hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer, thyroiditis, and goiter. It provides details on the causes, symptoms, and treatment of these conditions. It also discusses the epidemiology of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The document concludes with sections on thyroid disease and pregnancy, Ayurvedic treatment approaches, and diagnostic blood and imaging tests for thyroid conditions.
OSTEOPOROSIS.pptx
This document provides an overview of osteoporosis, including its definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, classification, clinical features, risk factors, investigations, and management. Osteoporosis is defined by reduced bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, increasing the risk of fractures. It most commonly causes fractures of the forearm, spine, and hip. Risk factors include low bone mass, hormonal changes, smoking, low body weight, and nutritional deficiencies. Diagnosis involves bone mineral density tests and laboratory tests. Treatment includes lifestyle modifications, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, exercise, and pharmacological therapies.
More from Shubham Shukla (20)
Symptoms Signs and Investigations in Cardiovascular Disease.pptx
Symptoms Signs and Investigations in Cardiovascular Disease.pptx
Recently uploaded
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
pathology MCQS introduction to pathology general pathology
pathology MCQS introduction to pathology general pathology
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Top Travel Vaccinations in Manchester
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS). Parc Taulí. Sabadell
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Identifying Major Symptoms of Slip Disc.
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
This quiz was conducted as a promotional event for the 2024 Annual Meet of Kerala Chapter of API.
More than 20 participants took part everyday !
Histopathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Visual treat
Histopathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Visual treat
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Hiranandani Hospital Powai News [Read Now].pdf
Hiranandani Hospital in Powai, Mumbai, is a premier healthcare institution that has been serving the community with exceptional medical care since its establishment. As a part of the renowned Hiranandani Group, the hospital is committed to delivering world-class healthcare services across a wide range of specialties, including kidney transplantation. With its state-of-the-art facilities, advanced medical technology, and a team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, Hiranandani Hospital has earned a reputation as a trusted name in the healthcare industry. The hospital's patient-centric approach, coupled with its focus on innovation and excellence, ensures that patients receive the highest standard of care in a compassionate and supportive environment.
Recently uploaded (20)
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
pathology MCQS introduction to pathology general pathology
pathology MCQS introduction to pathology general pathology
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Outbreak management including quarantine, isolation, contact.pptx
Outbreak management including quarantine, isolation, contact.pptx
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Histopathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Visual treat
Histopathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Visual treat
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
ischemic heart Disease And_Myocardial infarction.pptx
- 1. ischemic heart Disease And Myocardial infarction SUBMITTED BY- CHHAYA WASKALE
- 2. • Ischemic heart disease 1. Introduction 2. Etiopathogenesis 3. Risk factors 4. Effectects of myocardial ischemia
- 3. Introduction- IHD also known as coronary heart disease, coronary artery disease IHD is defined as acute or chronic for cardiac disability arising from imbalance between myocardial supply and demand for oxygenated blood Since narrowing or obstruction Of coronary artery system is the most common cause of myocardial anoxia
- 5. Etiopathogenesis - It is convenient to consider the etiology of IHD under there broad headings: 1. Coronary atherosclerosis 2. Superadded changes in coronary atherosclerosis; and 3. Non – atherosclerotic causes
- 6. Coronary atherosclerosis - Coronary atherosclerosis resulting in fixed obstruction is the major cause of IHD in more than 90% cases Distribution – highest incidence in the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery, followed in descending frequency by the right coronary artery and still less in circumflex branch of left coronary > 75% occlusion causes symptomatic ischemia included by exercise Location – area of severe involvement is 3-4 cms from coronary ostia, most often at/ near the bifurcation Slowly developing atheromas over long periods Lead yo collateral circulation
- 8. Super added changes in coronary atherosclerosis - Acute coronary syndrome are precipitated by changes superimposed on pre- existing fixed coronary atheroma Haemorrage : causes volume expansion Fissuring,ulceration- exposure of highly thrombogenic subendothelial tissues of blood Local platelets aggregation plug – which release thrombaxaneA2 ( vasospasmic mediator) responsible for coronary vasospasm Thrombosis, emboli,microinfacts
- 9. Non-atherosclerotic causes - Vasospasm – despite no significant atherosclerotic coronary narrowing may cause angina / M.I 1. Circulating adrenergic agonist’ s 2. Local released content of platelets 3. Decrease secretion of relaxing factors Stenosis of coronary ostia – from syphilitic aortitis Arteritis – polyarteritis nodosa, tuberculosis and other bacterial infection Thrombotic disease- sickle cell anaemia ,polycythaemia vera, : hypercoagulability of blood – coronary occlusion Trauma
- 10. Risk factors- High blood pressure Smoking Obesity High blood cholesterol Lack of exercise Diabetes
- 11. Effects of myocardial ischemia - CORONAR ARTERY Disease 1. Asymptomatic state 2. Angina pectoris 3. Acute myocardial infarction 4. Chronic ischemic heart disease 5. Sudden cardiac death
- 12. MYOCARDIAL INFACTION - Introduction Types of infarcts Epidemiology Etiology Etiopathogenesis Diagnosis Complications
- 13. INTRODUCTION- MI is defined as a diseased condition which is caused by reduced blood flow in coronary artery due to atherosclerosis and occlusion of an artery by an embolus or thrombus MI or heart attack is the irreversible damage of myocardial tissue caused by prolonged ischemia and hypoxia
- 15. Types of infarcts- According to anatomic region of left ventricle involved- 1. Anterior 2. Posterior 3. Lateral 4. Septal 5. Circumferential 6. Combinations- anterolateral,posterolateral,anteroseptal
- 16. According to degree of thickness of ventricular wall involved- 1. Transmural ( full thickness) 2. Laminar ( Subendocardial) According to age of infarcts- 1. Newly formed ( acute,recent,fresh) 2. Advanced infarcts ( old,healed, organised)
- 17. EPIDEMIOLOGY- In industrial countries MI accounts of 10-25% of all death’s Incidence is higher in elderly people about, 5% occurs at people under the age 40 Male have higher risk Women during reproductive period have low risk Over last 30 years, the rate of disease increase from 2-3 rural population and 4-12% in urban population
- 18. ETIOLOGY- Tobacco,smoking Hypertension Drug abuse Obesity Stress
- 19. Gender Diabetes Hyperlipoproteinaemia Family history of ischemic heart disease
- 20. ETIOPATHOGENESIS- The etiologic role of severe coronary atherosclerosis ( more than 75% compromise of lumen) of one or more of the three major coronary arterial trunks in the pathogenesis of about 90% cases of acute MI is well documented by autopsy studies as well as by coronary angiographic studies. A few notable features in etiology and pathogenesis of acute MI are considered below: 1. Mechanism of myocardial ischemia 2. Role of platelets 3. Acute plaque rupture 4. Non- atherosclerotic cause 5. Transmural versus subendocardial infarcts Complications 1. Arrhythmias 2. congestive heart failure 3. Cardiogenic shock 4. Mural thrombosis and thromboembolism
- 21. DIAGNOSIS- Clinical features- 1. Pain – usually sudden,severe,crushing,and prolonged,substerna in location, often radiating to one or both the arm’s,neck,and back 2. Indigestion 3. Apprehension- the patient is often terrified,restless and apprehensive , due to great fear of death 4. Shock 5. Low grade fever ( accomplished by leucocytosis and elevated ESR
- 22. Serum cardiac markers-: 1. Creatinine phosphokinase( ck) – ck has three forms : CK-MM - derived from skeletal muscle CK-BB - derived from brain and lungs CK-MB - mainly from cardiac muscles and insignificant amount from extra cardiac tissue 2. Lactic dehydrogenase 3. Cardiac specific troponins ECG changes -: 1. ST segment elevation 2. T wave inversion 3. Appearance of wide deep Q waves