Image result for gastritis
Gastritis is a general term for a group of conditions with one thing in common: inflammation of the lining of the stomach. The inflammation of gastritis is most often the result of infection with the same bacterium that causes most stomach ulcers.
It is the comprehensive note of abdominal tuberculosis..Students can take help from it to study and preparing notes. It is totally a adequate notes to learn and teach both for the bsc nursing and msc nursing students.
Acid reflux occurs when the sphincter muscle at the lower end of your esophagus relaxes at the wrong time, allowing stomach acid to back up into your esophagus.
Image result for gastritis
Gastritis is a general term for a group of conditions with one thing in common: inflammation of the lining of the stomach. The inflammation of gastritis is most often the result of infection with the same bacterium that causes most stomach ulcers.
It is the comprehensive note of abdominal tuberculosis..Students can take help from it to study and preparing notes. It is totally a adequate notes to learn and teach both for the bsc nursing and msc nursing students.
Acid reflux occurs when the sphincter muscle at the lower end of your esophagus relaxes at the wrong time, allowing stomach acid to back up into your esophagus.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a group of symptoms, including pain discomfort in your abdomen combined with changes in your bowel movement patterns.
For More detail visit this link:
http://goo.gl/RaZhvc
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease. It causes irritation, inflammation, and ulcers in the lining of your large intestine (also called your colon). There's no cure, and people usually have symptoms off and on for life
Why Does My Stomach Ache? - Dennis Han, MD, Gastroenterologist - Morristown &...Summit Health
Do you have stomach issues which are bothering you and you can't figure out why? Learn about conditions that could be causing abdominal pain or discomfort at this virtual program. Our expert will discuss different conditions such as: Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Inflammatory Bowel Disease; Celiac Disease and other conditions that require a gluten-free diet; and GERD (Reflux). He will explain the differences between these various conditions, how they are diagnosed, and treatment options available. Hosted by Morristown & Morris Township Public Library.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a group of symptoms, including pain discomfort in your abdomen combined with changes in your bowel movement patterns.
For More detail visit this link:
http://goo.gl/RaZhvc
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease. It causes irritation, inflammation, and ulcers in the lining of your large intestine (also called your colon). There's no cure, and people usually have symptoms off and on for life
Why Does My Stomach Ache? - Dennis Han, MD, Gastroenterologist - Morristown &...Summit Health
Do you have stomach issues which are bothering you and you can't figure out why? Learn about conditions that could be causing abdominal pain or discomfort at this virtual program. Our expert will discuss different conditions such as: Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Inflammatory Bowel Disease; Celiac Disease and other conditions that require a gluten-free diet; and GERD (Reflux). He will explain the differences between these various conditions, how they are diagnosed, and treatment options available. Hosted by Morristown & Morris Township Public Library.
Es un síndrome, por lo tanto, tiene signos y síntomas. Se caracteriza sólo por tener una alteración de la motilidad intestinal, excluyendo cualquier otra patología (infecciosa, cáncer, hemorragias, entre otros)
IBS(Irritable Bowel Syndrome) Management Update-2021Pritom Das
Some slides are taken from different textbooks of medicine like Davidson, Kumar and Clark and Oxford, and some from other presentations made by respected tutors. I'm barely responsible for compilation of various resources per my interest. These resources are free for use, and I do not claim any copyright. Hoping knowledge remains free for all, forever.
Are there digestive diseases whose incidence increases during “Ramadan”?
- At the time of the Ramadan fast, the modification of feeding after the iftar meal favours foods rich in lipids and glucids which will directly act on the relaxation of the lower sphincter of the esophagus accompanied by an increase in the gastric secretion of acid at the origin of the pains at the oesogastric level and by a deceleration of digestion.
- Food changes in terms of quality and quantity (significant and late consumption of food, just before sleep) support the occurrence of RGO.
- The appearance of dyspeptic symptoms relates to poor feeding at the moment of breaking the fast
- Frequent and excessive association with too fatty, too sweet, too spicy food
- Obstructed/isolated abdominal discomfort or generally associated with warning signs such as nausea or abdominal meteorism, dyspepsia
Are there digestive diseases which increase during the Ramadan?
- Constipation can cause disorders such as indigestion with feeling of distension, but it can sometimes be more serious with the appearance of hemorrhoids or anal fissures.
- Gastro-œsophagal reflux (RGO) is a disease which affects the valve between the esophagus (conduit which helps swallowing) and the stomach which involves an inverse reflux of the contents of the stomach into the esophagus.
The most frequent symptoms:
- Distension and flatulence
- Rumblings
- Imperative need to go to stool;
- Feelings of incomplete evacuation of stools.
- Mucus in stools.
These symptoms generally occur
after meals (iftar, sohour.)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Update in Pathophysiology and Management Monkez M Yousif
Irritable bowel syndrome is the commonest health problem in hospital outpatient clinics and in private health care facilities and represents a big challenge for patients and physicians. This presentation discusses a different aspect of the disease from pathophysiology, clinical presentation and management
gutCARE IBS Talk on 20/5/2020.
In this talk, we update Singapore local epidemiology about increasing trend of IBS locally since 1998. There is also challenges in diagnosing IBS confidently in primary care due to patient presentation and symptoms.
We also update audience about latest diagnostic criteria for IBS.
New treatment for IBS, relationship between Small intestine bacterial overgrowth and IBS and the role of hydrogen breath testing in managing IBS.
We hope you enjoy the slides.
Chronic Diarrhea
references include the American Academy of Family Physicians AAFP
Special Thanks to my colleague Hadi Al Qurain for his participation in preparing this presentation
10 Common Digestive Problems and How to Deal with ThemNu U Nutrition
10 of the most common digestive issues faced in western society and how to address them, through diet, lifestyle changes, supplementation, and support from your doctor.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME.pptx
1. IRRITABLE
BOWEL
SYNDROME
Mrs. D. Melba Sahaya Sweety RN,RM
PhD Nursing , MSc (Pediatric Nursing),BSc Nursing
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatric Nursing
Enam Nursing College, Savar,
Bangladesh.
2. INTRODUCTION
Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is a commondisorder that aff
ectsthe stomach and intestines, IBSis also known as spastic
colon, irritablecolon, mucous colitis, and spastic colitis. It is
a separate condition frominflammatorybowel disease and
isn’t related to other bowel conditions. Irritable Bowel
Syndrome is not a disease,It's a functional disorder, which
means that the bowelsimplydoes not work as it should. IBS
is a common disorder that affects the large intestine (colon).
IBSis a group of intestinal symptoms that typically occur
together. The symptomsvary in severityand duration from
person to person.
3. DEFINITION
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is
a chronicfunctional disorder
characterizedby recurrent
abdominal painassociated with
disordered bowel movements,
whichmay include diarrhea,
constipationor both.
(Lacyet al., 2016)
4. INCIDENCE
Prevalence 3 - 22% world-wide Reason for 20 - 50%
of gastroenterology visits.
IBS is less among Asian population with 6.5 – 11% p
revalence rate.
26%prevalence among children with recurrent
abdominal pain.
40% onset before age 35.
50% onset age 35 – 50.
Female > Male (3:1)
5. ETIOLOGY
Abnormal gastrointestinal (GI) tract
movements like bowel muscles spasm.
A change in the nervous system
communication between the GI and brain
Sensory and motor disorders of the colon.
Dietary allergies or food sensitivities.
Neurotransmitter imbalance“(Decrease sero
tonin levels that control nerve signals bet
ween the brain and digestive tract.).
Stress
6. •Gender - About twice as many women as men hav
e the condition. It’s not clear why, but some researc
hers think the changing hormones in the menstrual c
ycle may have something to do with it.
•Age - IBS can affect people of all ages, but it's mor
e likely for people in their teens through their 40s.
•Family history - The condition seems to run in f
amilies. Some studies have shown that the genes ma
y play a role.
•Medications - Studies have shown a link betwee
RISK FACTORS
7. •Mental health— anxiety, depression, personality
disorder, and history of abuse are all associated risk
factors
•Food sensitivities - Foods like dairy, wheat, a s
ugar in fruits called fructose, or the sug
ar substitute sorbitol. Fatty foods, carbonated drink
s, and alcohol can also upset digestion and they ma
y trigger symptoms.
•Other digestive problems, like stomach fl
u, traveler’s diarrhea, or food
RISK FACTORS
8. TYPES OF IBS
There are four subcategories of IBS, each with
equal prevalence:
IBS-C: IBS with constipation;
IBS-D: IBS with diarrhea;
IBS-M: IBS with constipation/diarrhea;
IBS-U: IBS unclassifiable.
11. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Other manifestation Includes
Abdominal distension
Bloating
Change in appearance of stool
A feeling of incomplete emptying of the bowel
A feeling of urgency
Fatigue
Back pain
Nausea vomiting
Symptoms made worse by eating
Poor appetite
Heartburn
12. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
There are currently no definitive tests for diagnosi
s Therefore, diagnosis is usually based o
n patient history , Rome criteria and Lacy
et al., Category of IBS
The Rome III classification for IBS subtypes required that t
he proportion of total stools using the Bristol Stool Form Scal
e be used to classify
IBS with predominant diarrhea (>25% loose/watery, <25% hard/
lumpy),
IBS with predominant constipation (>25% hard/lumpy, <25% loose/
watery),
Mixed-type IBS (>25% loose/watery, >25% hard/lumpy), and IBS un
13. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
Rome IV criteria -
This criteria require the
patient to have abdominal
pain lasting at least three
days a month in the last
three months, associated
with two or more of the
following:
1.Improved pain with defecatio
n
2.Altered frequency of defecati
on
3.Altered consistency of stool
14. Lacy et al., Category of IBS Based o
n BSFS
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
15. Additional Diagnosis
•Flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy to look for signs of blo
ckage or inflammation in your intestines
•Upper endoscopy if you have heartburn or indigestion
•X-rays and CT scan Tests to look for problems with your bowe
l muscles
•Blood tests to look for anemia (too few red blood cells), thyroi
d problems, and signs of infection
•Stool tests for blood or infections
• Lactose intolerance Test, to detect gluten allergy, or celiac di
ease
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
18. MANAGEMENT
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Diet and lifestyle changes
Usually, with a few basic changes in diet and activities, IBS will improve over time.
Avoid caffeine (in coffee, tea, and soda).
Add fiber to your diet with foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and nuts
Drink at least three to four glasses of water per day.
Don't smoke.
Learn to relax, either by getting more exercise or by reducing stress in your life
Limit milk or cheese .
Eat smaller meals more often instead of big meals.
Keep a record of the foods you eat so you can figure out which foods bring on bouts of
IBS.
19. MANAGEMENT
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Patient and family Education – Give educa
tion regarding use of Bowel habits diary, Bristo
l Stool Form Scale, Avoidance of food triggers .
Encourage self activities
Educate the stress management techniques like
relaxation techniques, cognitive behavioral ther
apy, Yoga and exercise.
Reassurance and psychological support