The document discusses the critical importance of the child-parent relationship in fostering children's emotional, social, and cognitive development. It outlines different attachment styles, strategies for enhancing parent-child interactions, and the consequences of both positive and negative interactions on children's behavior and psychological well-being. Through effective communication, involvement, and nurturing, parents can create secure attachments that support healthy growth.

1. Mrs. D. Melba Sahaya Sweety
RN,RM
PhD Nursing , MSc Nursing (Pediatric Nursing), BSc
Nursing
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatric Nursing
Enam Nursing College, Savar, 1

2. CHILD PARENT
INTRACTION
2

3. INTRODUCTION
3
The child-Parent relationship is one of the most influential, important, and
meaningful relationships in an individual’s life. The communication between
parents and children fuels their bond and functions to socialize children, provide
social support, show affection, make sense of their life experiences, engage in
conflict, manage private information, and create a family communication
environment.
The quality of parent-child interaction is one of the major predictors of emotional
and social development of children in the first years of life. Children thrive in a
positive environment, so hearing compliments, stating clear expectations for
positive behaviors, and positively engaging with the child should enhance self-
confidence and the development of communication and healthy habits.

4. BENEFITS OF CHILD
PARENT INTERACTION
 Young children have a higher chance of forming positive and content connections with
other people in their lives if they grow up with a strong and secure attachment to their
parents.
 A child who has a strong bond with their parents develops the ability to control their
emotions under pressure and in trying circumstances.
 Promotes the child’s mental, linguistic and emotional development.
 Helps the child exhibit optimistic and confident social behaviors.
 Better social and academic abilities are built on the foundation of healthy parental
participation and intervention in the child's daily life.
 Healthy social, emotional, cognitive, and motivational growth is influenced by a strong
attachment.
 When Child have a good connection with their parents, they develop strong problem-
solving abilities. 4

5. WAYS TO ENHANCE PARENT
CHILD INTERACTION
• “Catch” the child in a positive behavior and praise them
• Avoid using the phrases "don't" or "no."
• Instilling constructive habits rather than instructing the child
what not to do
• Set boundaries and expectations
• Teach the child the behavior you want them to display
• As much as schedule allows, play with your child . The growth
of a child depends on play.
5

6. WAYS TO ENHANCE PARENT
CHILD INTERACTION
• Ask open-ended questions while keeping eye contact with the kid
and listening to what they have to say
• Read to your child…everyday
• Don't be hesitant to talk to the child at their level. Sometimes sitting
on the floor or in a chair is better for the caregiver and the child.
• Exercise patience, take a few calm breaths, and count to ten before
you react angrily toward the child.
• Utilize nature as an outdoor classroom...There are numerous sights
and activities to enjoy . 6

7. CHILD PARENT ATTATCHMENT
7

8. DEFINITION
• The Child-parent Attachment is
refers to a combination of
behaviors, feelings, and
expectations that are unique to a
particular parent and a particular
child. The relationship involves
the full extent of a child's
development.
8

9. TYPES OF CHILD PARENT
ATTACHMENT STYLE
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Secure
Attachment
Ambivalent
Attachment
Avoidant
Attachment
Disorganized
Attachment
This is the
strongest type of
attachment. This
type of kid
believes they can
rely on their parent
or other adult
provider. The child
is confident that
individual will be
there for them in
times of need.
Another sign of an
uneasy attachment
between a kid and his
parents is
ambivalence.
A child will
repeatedly engage in
behavior that garnered
their parents' focus in
the past. Children are
always looking for that
feeling of security.
This is one category of
attachment that is not
secure. Avoidant children
have learned that
depending on parents won’t
get them that secure feeling
they want, so child learn to
take care of themselves.
Avoidant children may
seem too independent and
usually do not build strong
relationships.
Disorganized children
don’t know what to
expect from their
parents. Children with
relationships learns to
predict how his parent
will react, whether it is
positive or negative.
Child also learns that
doing certain things will
make their parents do
certain things.

10. • As Children
• Separates from parent
• Seeks comfort from parents
when frightened
• Greets return of parents with
positive emotions
• Prefers parents to strangers 10
TYPES OF CHILD PARENT
ATTACHMENT STYLE
Secure Attachment child Parent Characteristics
• As Adults
• Have trusting, lasting
relationships
• Tend to have good self-esteem
• Share feelings with partners
and friends
• Seek out social support

11. • As Children
• May be wary of strangers
• Become greatly distressed
when parents leave
• Do not appear comforted
when parents return
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Ambivalent Attachment child parent Characteristics
• As Adults
• unwilling to get close to
others
• Worry that their partner does
not love them
• Get extremely upset when
relationships conclude
TYPES OF CHILD PARENT
ATTACHMENT STYLE

12. • As Children
• May avoid parents
• Do not seek much contact
or comfort from parents
• Show little or no
preference for parents
over strangers
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Avoidant Attachment child parent Characteristics
• As Adults
• May have problems with
intimacy
• Invest little emotion in social
and romantic relationships
• Unwilling or unable to share
thoughts or feelings with others
TYPES OF CHILD PARENT
ATTACHMENT STYLE

13. • As Children
• Demonstrate a combination of avoidant
and resistant conduct.
• May seem dazed, confused, or
apprehensive
• May take on a parental role
• Some children may act as a caregiver
toward the parent 13
Disorganized Attachment child parent Characteristics
• As Adults
• Inconsistent response to
their child’s feelings of
fear or distress.
TYPES OF CHILD PARENT
ATTACHMENT STYLE

14. 14

15. CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTH PARENT CHILD
ATTACHMENT
1.Flexible/Adaptable: - Good parents must
be flexible and adaptable. They have ability to
recognize and accommodate the child’s need.
Help the child by giving clear directions,
offering opportunities to choose and negotiate.
2.Connected: - Parents should have ability
to differentiate the child’s worth from his or
her behavior, and create a reward-oriented
environment in which consequences are
positive outcome. Respond to a child’s 15

16. CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTH PARENT CHILD
ATTACHMENT
3. Appropriate boundaries: - The parent-
child relationship includes various boundaries.
Healthy boundaries consider that what the
parent and the child want in a positive way to
find a mutually agreeable solution or limit.
4. Open Communication: - The way the
parent and child communicate sets the tone for
the relationship. The healthy parent- child
relationships use positive communication that
separates the child's worth from behavior. 16

17. CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTH PARENT CHILD
ATTACHMENT
5. Discipline: - For healthy parent
child relationship discipline also very
important aspect. To finding the
solution of conflicts and behavioral
problem helps to encourage the strong
relation rather than punishing children
in an attempt to teach.
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18. PRINCIPLES OF PARENT CHILD ATTACHMENT
• Set some parenting goals: Whether the parents want to
raise a healthy and disciplined child or have a healthy parent-
child attachment, identify the goals and understand what is
need to do to achieve them.
• Bring in warmth and structure in interactions: Treat
every interaction as an opportunity to connect with the child.
Be a warm and receptive parent, who encourages interaction.
Structure the interaction by having rules, boundaries, and
consequences in place and ensure that children understand
them.
• Ground rules are a must: Ground rules tell the children
how to and how not to behave. Rules have to be set by
discussing with the child, coming to a mid point between the 18

19. PRINCIPLES OF PARENT CHILD ATTACHMENT
• the child’s needs. The parent can firmly implement such rules
which are comfortable and meaningful to both. But having too
many rules is not a good idea.
• Acknowledge and empathize with your
child: Whether it’s a happy or difficult situation, acknowledge
the child’s feelings, understand them, and reassure them that
they can depend on parent to solve all their problems.
• Take a problem-solving approach to conflicts: When
the child has a problem, try to look for a solution instead of
punishing the child. Punishments demoralize the child and they
lose trust in parents. But when work with them to find a
solution, they also learn.
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20. WAYS TO STENGTHENING
CHILD PARENT
ATTACHMENT
• According to the American Psychological Association, a high-quality
parent-child attachment is important for healthy development . To have a
healthy PCA, parents must be responsive, trustworthy, and loving.
• Start from the beginning: Mothers form a bond with the child right from
the womb while the father-child bond begins the moment the baby is
born. Studies suggest that fathers who were involved with the child in the
early days had greater bonding later in life.
• Invest time and effort: Parents are naturally programmed to love their
offspring, but qualitative time and effort are essential to show that love.
Teens need privacy, while younger kids need parental intervention and
interaction.
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21. • Prioritize your relationship with the child: Parents put
their kids first. Show them by example by spending as much
time as possible with your child rather than just "squeezing"
them into your schedule.
• Be available: Be sensitive to the emotional and physical
needs of the child. It's crucial to pay attention, love
your child, and consider things from the child’s
perspective.
• Empathize: Encourage kids to communicate their
emotions. Be kind and caring, and allow them to express their
feelings. As a first-time parent, this might not be simple, 21
WAYS TO STENGTHENING CHILD
PARENT ATTACHMENT

22. • but practice makes perfect. Parents will be better able to
understand their children's irritable behavior if they can
see things from their child's point of view.
• Communication: The parent must communicate with
their kid in a fair, firm, and friendly manner. Give them a
clear understanding of the objectives, what they can
expect from parents, any rules, and the consequences
for violating them. As a parent, you must handle it with
wisdom and composure.
22
WAYS TO STENGTHENING CHILD
PARENT ATTACHMENT

23. WAYS TO STENGTHENING CHILD
PARENT ATTACHMENT
• Take active interest in their studies, friends, and
activities: Parents who are involved in their child’s life have
strong parent-child relationships. Learn what’s happening with
them, understand their academics, and know their friends.
Parents should Stay in regular touch with child’s teachers at
school during leisure time.
• Listen actively: Listening passively while doing work
and responding with an occasional hmm’or ‘OK’ in between
shows that the parents are not interested. When the child
speaks to parents, stop whatever it is and listen to them. Give them
full attention, ask questions or reiterate what they said. Remember to
maintain eye contact while talking to them. 23

24. WAYS TO STENGTHENING CHILD
PARENT ATTACHMENT
• Make family time important: Have meals together
and talk about your day over dinner. Make it a regular
practice to go to movies, events, or family outings.
• Trust the child and be trustworthy: Trust is the
foundation of every relationship. The child should be
able to rely on parents and feel secure. Earn their
trust by keeping up the promises, by giving them
privacy and keeping their confidence. However,
do not trust the child blindly, but have your checks in
place.
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25. WAYS TO STENGTHENING CHILD
PARENT ATTACHMENT
• Encourage the child: Children need constant encouragement
and motivation to build their confidence and self-esteem. If the
parents only criticize or correct them all the time, they will feel
that their actions or opinions are not valued.
• Respect the child: Treat the children as
individuals and acknowledge their opinions and
beliefs. While the parents are responsible to a
certain extent in forming beliefs and opinions,
other extraneous factors also contribute to it. Respect
their views so that they respect you.
25

26. FACTORS INFLUENSING CHILD PARENT ATTACHMENT
Family Structure
Social and Community support
Relationship history, Emotional
support
Temperament, Parenting
experiences
Intellectual capacity
Education ( Formal and Informal)
Cultural context and experiences
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27. CONSEQUENCE OF PARENT
CHILD INTERACTION
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28. CONSEQUENCE OF
POSITIVE PARENT CHILD
INTERACTION
• Healthy Development: A positive parent child interaction can lay
foundation for development of social and behavioral skill.
• Strong Relationship: A good parent child interaction can develop a
healthy and strong parent child relationship thus it promotes trust.
• Express Emotions: Positive parent child interaction assist the child
to learn to express and control their emotions.
• Boost confidence: A strong parent child relationship build off the
child to approach the world around them with their head held high and
ready to make new friends.
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29. CONSEQUENCE OF NEGATIVE
PARENT CHILD INTERACTION
• INABILITY TO HAVE LONG LASTING FRIENDSHIPS AND
RELATIONSHIPS : This mostly happens when the child is not reprimanded
or punished for the mistakes they make. The child therefore grows up knowing
that he or she is in control and is ever right. He or she becomes a spoilt child who
believes that he or she must always have their way in everything. This has
negative effects on the relationships that the child gets into. Co existing with
others becomes difficult and such a child is more likely to make more enemies
than friends.
• PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS TO A CHILD: This happens
especially of the child grows up in a family where there is a lot of abuse whether
physical or emotional. This also occurs when a child suffers from neglect as a
child. Such children may have difficulty in making friend and trusting people as
they find it easier to push people away than to open up.
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30. • DEPRESSION AND LOW SELF ESTEEM: A child who is never allowed
to make decisions, and who is constantly criticized, belittled and who goes through
abuse is likely to have low self esteem. It becomes worse when the child goes
through sexual abuse as a child. Such forms of abuse are also known to make
children more prone to violent behaviors. Children who are exposed to abuse and
violence are likely to become violent people. They grow up believing that violence
is the only way to solve issues.
• MAKES A CHILD MORE PRONE TO CRIMINAL BEHAVIORS:
Neglected children and those who are exposed to abuse are more likely to be
prosecuted for juvenile delinquency. Other common effects of bad parenting
include failure to thrive and poor growth and development both physically and
mentally. It can also lead to poor performance in school because his or her needs
are not met at home. Children exposed to poor parenting are more likely to be
withdrawn and stressed this negatively affects their performance. 30
CONSEQUENCE OF NEGATIVE
PARENT CHILD INTERACTION

31. CONCLUSION
• The most important relationship to a child is the one they
develop with their parent or caregiver. Children learn
about the world around them through a positive parent-
child relationship. As they are growing and changing,
children look to their parents to determine whether or not
they are safe, secure, and loved. It is also the foundation
from which they will build their future relationships.
• The parent can build a positive parent-child relationship
by being in the moment with your child, spending quality
time together, and creating an environment where they
feel comfortable to explore.
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