This document discusses irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), including its characteristics, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and potential complications. IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder defined by a cluster of symptoms like abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits without any organic cause being found. It is thought to be caused by abnormal gut motility and sensitivity as well as psychological and genetic factors. Treatment focuses on managing predominant symptoms and may include diet changes, medications, and psychological therapies. While IBS itself does not lead to serious issues, untreated symptoms can cause pain and complications like hemorrhoids or dehydration over time.

1. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
(IBS)
Zaeid alhamashi
ATSU

2. IBS
• Irritable bowel syndrome is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized
by the presence of a cluster of symptoms and signs .
• no serious organic disease
• Irritable bowel syndrome is a "functional" disorder. This term refers to
the changes in the functioning of the digestive system that results in
the collection of symptoms referred to as IBS, meaning that it is a
problem with the movement (motility) rather than any damage to the
tissues of the digestive system.

3. . The following are risk factors thought to cause IBS:
• Abnormal movements(motility) of the colon and small intestines (too fast or slow, or too
strong)
• Hypersensitivity to pain from a full bowel or gas
• Food sensitivities, possibly caused by poor absorption of sugars or acids in food
• Gastroenteritis ("stomach flu" or "stomach bug"), a viral or bacterial infection of the
stomach and intestines, may trigger IBS symptoms
• Psychological conditions such as anxiety or depression are observed in many people with
IBS, though these conditions have not been found to be a direct cause of IBS.
• Reproductive hormones or neurotransmitters may be off-balance in people with IBS.
• Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
• Genetics is thought to be a possible cause of IBS, but so far this hereditary link has not
been proven.

5. symptoms
• IBS-D stands for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea. The most
common symptoms of IBS-D include:Frequent stools
• Feeling as if you are unable to completely empty your bowels during
bowel movements
• Nausea
• People with IBS-D also may experience signs and symptoms of:
• Gas
• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Sudden urges to have a bowel movement
• Loose stools

6. symptoms
• IBS-C stands for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. The most
common symptoms of IBS-C include:Infrequent stools
• Straining during bowel movements
• Feeling as if you are unable to completely empty your bowels during
bowel movements
• Feeling as if you need to have a bowel movement but are unable
• Abdominal pain
• Bloating
• Gas

7. • may order tests, including blood tests, stool tests, X-rays, or CT scans.
There is no specific finding on these tests that can confirm the
diagnosis of IBS, however, other problems can be ruled out by
performing them
• The tests may help distinguish between irritable bowel syndrome
and inflammatory bowel disease or IBD, a different type of intestinal
inflammatory disease that includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative
colitis

8. • Treatment program is based on dominant
• symptoms and their severity

9. • Diet : The standard of care for IBS typically has
• been a high-fiber diet .
• Improves constipation with sufficient
• supplementation (20-30 g per day)
• May worsen some IBS symptoms (ie, bloating
• and abdominal pain)

10. • Antidiarrheals :
• Loperamide is efficacious in IBS with diarrhea;
• Decreases frequency of bowel movements
• Improves stool consistency
• Does not affect abdominal pain or distention

11. • Laxatives
• Symptomatic treatment of C-IBS
• Osmotic laxatives (MgSO4, lactulose)
• Stimulant laxatives
• Some laxatives agents can exacerbate
• abdominal pain and bloating

12. • Psychological treatment :
• Psychotherapy,
• Hypnotherapy, and
• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
• IBS patients with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and
• psychological distress appear most likely to have
• a beneficial response to such intervention

13. Complication
• Currently IBS may also be called functional bowel disease. IBS does
not result in more serious medical problems such as colitis or
cancer. If left untreated, however, the symptoms of IBS will often
persist, leading to pain and discomfort.
• Hemorrhoids: Swollen blood vessels around your anus, the opening
where stool comes out, can hurt and bleed
• Impacted bowel: If you're constipated for a long time, stool can get
blocked in your colon. Sometimes it can get so hard that you can't
push it out. This is known as a fecal impaction
• Dehydration: If you have severe diarrhea often, your body can lose
too much water and salt