1) India has the world's largest livestock population and ranks highly in terms of cattle, buffalo, and goat populations according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. Over 2 million cattle and buffalo and 50 million sheep and goat are slaughtered annually in India. 2) Slaughterhouse wastewater contains high levels of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended solids due to the organic materials from animal processing. Regulations in India require treatment to reduce these parameters to certain levels before discharge. 3) Various treatment technologies are used depending on the scale of the slaughterhouse, including settling tanks, anaerobic digesters, upflow anaerobic sl

1. KULVENDRA PATEL RAUNAK SINHA
2K19/ENE/05 2K19/ENE/03
SLAUGHTER
HOUSE
AND
MEAT
Delhi Technological University

2. INTRODUCTION
 According to the livestock census 2014, India has the world’s largest livestock population country, which is
56% of buffaloes, 13% of cattle, 13% of goat and 5% of sheep of world population respectively.
 According to FAOSTAT production data, India ranks top position among countries in the world in terms of
number of cattle, buffaloes and goat.
 In FAOSTAT ,India is trading of meat through the exporting 1511 million US$ which is about 14, 49,100 tons
of meat all over the world. There are nearly 2702 slaughterhouse in all over India. Out of which 65 modern
abattoirs majorly contributing Indian meat export business.
 Due to demand of meat production, slaughterhouse are increased year over year. In India, over 2 million
cattles and buffaloes, 50 million sheep and goat are slaughtered annually for domestic meat consumption
and export purpose reported by CPCB.

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF
SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER
 Meat processing effluents are considered harmful worldwide due to the SWW complex composition of fats,
proteins, fibers, high organic content, pathogens, and pharmaceuticals for veterinary purposes.
 Slaughterhouse effluents are typically evaluated using bulk parameters because of the broad range of SWW
and pollutant loads.
 SWW contains large amounts of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total
organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS).
 Due to the diverse characteristics of the SWW, it is appropriate to classify and minimize wastewater
production at its source. Meat processing effluents are becoming one of the major agribusiness concerns
due to the vast amount of water used during slaughtering, processing, and cleaning of the slaughtering
facilities.

4. Parameter Range Mean
BOD (mg/l) 150-8500 3000
COD (mg/l) 500-16000 5000
TOC (mg/l) 50-1750 850
TN (mg/l) 50-850 450
TP (mg/l) 25-200 50
TSS (mg/l) 0.1-10000 3000
K (mg/l) 0.01-100 50
Color (mg/l) 175-400 300
Turbidity 200-300 275
pH 4.9-8.1 6.5
Characteristics of slaughterhouse wastewater

5. REGULATIONS FOR SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER
MANAGEMENT
 Regulations are necessary to mitigate the environmental impact of slaughterhouses, and the treatment
methods are used as the main regulatory requirement.
 The compliance with current environmental legislation and the state‐of‐the‐art technologies may also
provide some economic relief via resource recovery from biogas generation using high‐rate anaerobic
treatment.
 Emerging economies such as India has less strict standards, but their legislation is focused on specific
industries to attain certain levels of treatment depending on the wastewater strength.

6. `
Parameter World Bank USA INDIA
BOD (mg/l) 30 16-26 30-100
COD (mg/l) 125 250 250
TOC (mg/l) n.a. n.a. n.a.
TN (mg/l) 10 4-8 10-50
TP (mg/l) 2 2 5
TSS (mg/l) 50 20-30 100
pH 6-9 6-9 5.5-9.0
Temperature (°C) n.a. n.a. < 5 °C

7. CLASSIFICATION OF SLAUGHTERHOUSE
Based on animal Slaughted
Based on Process Based on capacity of salughterhouse
Large Animal Small Animal Manual
Slaughtering
Semi
mechanized Mechanized
Large Medium Small

8. BEST PRACTICABLE TECHNOLOGI
EFFLUENT GENERATION FROM SLAUGHTER HOUSE
Sources Liquid Waste
Animal Holding Floor Washing & Urine
Abattoir Blood, Floor and Machine Washings
Cleaning Internal Organs Wash Liquor
Rendering Glue Water
Carcass Dressing Blood, Floor and Machine Washing
By Products Plant Floor and Machine Washing

9. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND HEALTH EFFECTS
OF SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER
 The commercialization of animal products for consumption leads to the production of a large volume of SWW.
Although the environment can handle a certain amount of pollutants through natural degradation processes, as
the SWW concentration increases, these mechanisms come to be overburdened, where contamination
problems commence.
 The discharge of raw SWW to water bodies affects the quality of water particularly by causing a reduction of
dissolved oxygen (DO), which may lead to the death of aquatic life.
 Another source of contamination of the meat processing industry is the addition of surfactants as a result of the
cleaning process. Surfactants, major components in detergents, may enter the aquatic environment due to an
inadequate SWW treatment, causing short‐term and long‐term changes in the ecosystem that affect humans,
fish, and vegetation.

10. `
 The environmental impact of SWW is not only characterized by pollution via surfactants, nitrate, and chloric
anions but also pathogens, which persist in the soil and reproduce continuously.
 Pathogens from SWW can also be transmitted to humans who are exposed to the water body, making those
areas non-suitable for drinking, swimming, or irrigation purposes.
 The general public health effects of the meat processing industry are related to the direct interaction of human
communities with the slaughterhouse activities and indirect interactions with the environment, which can be
previously affected by the inadequate management of the liquid effluents, solid waste, and obnoxious odors.
 The presence of hepatitis A and E viruses has been reported in the sewage of animal origin in Spain. Therefore,
SWW must be treated efficiently before discharge into water bodies to avoid environmental pollution and
human health effects.

11. TYPICAL PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
OF SLAUGHTER HOUSE
Raw material- Buffalo/Sheep
Animal Holding
Lairage
Abattoir
Chilling Room
Process Hall
Freezing
Meat Bone Meal Tallow
Rendering Plant
Frozen Meat
Cold Storage
Cartoning
Trimmings
Bones, legs

12. `
BEST PRACTICABLE TECHNOLOGY

13. `
 Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)
• In this process waste water is passed through the layer of
activated sludge in vertically upward direction de to which
micro-organisms carries out the decomposition of organic
matter in suspension anaerobically.
• As no mixing is induced 3 phase stratification of the
constituents takes place in it.
• This method is suitable for both treatment of soluble waste
water and waste water having particulate matter in it.

14.  Anaerobic Digester
• Anaerobic digestion is the process by which organic matter
such as animal or food waste is broken down to produce
biogas and biofertiliser.
• The process takes place inside an anaerobic digester; a
large, sealed tank which is void of oxygen. The biomass is
heated to around the temperature of blood, when it will
react with the naturally occurring micro-organisms and
bacteria.
• It goes through four stages; hydrolysis, acidogenesis,
acetogenesus and methanogenesis. The end result is that
the biogas is emitted and a material called digestate is left
behind.

15. %
A. Treatment scheme – I
 Adopted for small towns.
 Amount of waste generated is minimal.
 This scheme was observed in Erode, Vaniyambadi, Ambur, Dindugul, Kolkata, Nagpur.
Waste from
Slaughter House
Settling
Tank
Sewer
TREATMENT ADOPTED FOR SLAUGHTER HOUSES
BASED ON THE SURVEY

16. B. Treatment scheme - II
 Adopted for medium towns for slaughtering of small and large animals separately.
 Operates in morning hours and use manual cutting and lifting arrangements for the large animals.
 This is scheme was observed in Coimbatore, Kanpur, Chandigarh, Mumbai etc.
Screen
Liquid Solid
Separator
Equalization Tank Aeration Tank
Secondary
Settling
Tank
Sludge Drying Bed
Waste Water
from Slaughterhouse
Treated
Effluent
Sludge

17. C. Treatment scheme - III
 Adopted in medium towns and corporations where slaughter houses have been upgraded with the financial
support of central and state government.
 Anaerobic reactor is used which reduces organic load and hence energy requirement is reduced.
 This scheme is adopted in corporations like Madurai and Hyderabad.
Screen
Collection
Tank
Aeration Tank
Secondary
Settling
Tank
Sludge Drying Bed
Waste Water
from Slaughterhouse
Treated
Effluent
Sludge
Anaerobic
Reactor

18. D. Treatment scheme - IV
 Adopted in commercial slaughter houses where large animals are slaughtered in thousands per day.
 Wastewater contains considered amount of organic load and volume, two stage anaerobic treatments
followed by aerobic treatment is adopted.
 This treatment scheme is adopted in commercial slaughter house at Hyderabad.
Screen
Collection
Tank
Settling
Tank
Sludge Dewatering System
Waste Water
from Slaughterhouse
Primary
Digester
Secondary
Digester
Aeration
Tank
Settling
Tank
Polish
Tank

19. E. Treatment scheme - V
 This treatment scheme is adopted in commercial mechanized slaughter houses where large animals are
slaughtered in thousands per day.
 High BOD is subjected to UASB reactor to reduce the major organic load without spending energy.
 This scheme is adopted in Zaheerabad (Unnao).
Screen
Collection
Tank
Aeration Tank
Secondary
Settling
Tank
Sludge Drying Bed
Waste Water
from Slaughterhouse
Treated
Effluent
Biogas Sludge
USAB

20. F. Treatment scheme - VI
 Adopted in recently upgraded treatment plant units in commercial mechanized export oriented slaughter
houses.
 DAF system is introduced to reduce the solid loads to the subsequent biological treatment units.
 This scheme is adopted in New Delhi and Zaheerabad (Unnao).
Screen
Collection
Tank
Aeration Tank
Secondary
Settling
Tank
Sludge Drying Bed
Waste Water
from Slaughterhouse
Treated
Effluent
Sludge
USAB
Biogas
DAF

21. RECOMMENDATION
• Most of the slaughter houses in the country are very old and still in primitive condition. These units operate with
inadequate basic amenities such as lairage, proper flooring, water supply etc.
• Further, many slaughter houses are much smaller and widely scattered. To equip such units for effective
processing of waste is a challenge.
• Large slaughter house are mostly in cities and located in congested areas. They generate substantial quality of
solid wastes, which have to be processed in environmentally acceptable manner.
• In case of small slaughter houses, sophisticated and capital intensive technologies is unviable due to low volume
of wastes and non-availability of other infrastructure facilities. For small slaughter houses, a more pragmatic
approach would be to make use of natural process such as composting.
• There is a need to upgrade old slaughter houses on modern lines for overall improvement in sanitation and
hygiene and wholesome meat production.

22. Thank You