This document studies the effect of replacing cement with microsilica in cement mortar. Mortar cubes were produced with 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% microsilica replacement by weight of cement. The fresh and hardened properties were evaluated. The results showed that as microsilica replacement increased, consistency and setting time increased while flow decreased. Compressive strength was found to increase up to 9% replacement at all ages tested. Microsilica replacement thus leads to more sustainable cementitious materials.
IRJET- Reuse of Plastics in Soil Bricks Substituting Traditional BricksIRJET Journal
The document discusses the reuse of plastic waste in manufacturing soil bricks as an alternative to traditional clay bricks. Plastic waste is a growing problem as plastics do not degrade naturally. The study aims to use waste plastics to create bricks that can be used in construction. Bricks were created with different ratios of plastic and soil. Testing showed plastic-soil bricks with 1% plastic and 2% soil had a compressive strength of 5.12 N/mm2, meeting standards and higher than traditional clay bricks. Water absorption was also lower for plastic bricks compared to clay. The study concludes plastic bricks can help reduce waste while providing a construction material that meets standards.
Effect of M40 Concrete With Partial Substitute Of OPC with Micro Silica and R...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the mechanical and durability characteristics of M40 grade concrete with partial replacements of cement with micro silica and fine aggregate with manufactured sand, along with the addition of steel fibers. The concrete mixture contained 4%, 8%, and 12% micro silica replacements of cement, 50% replacement of natural sand with manufactured sand, and 1.5% steel fibers by weight of cementitious material. The optimum dosage of micro silica was found to be 8% replacement of cement. The study aimed to determine the effects on compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths as well as water permeability and chloride attack resistance.
IRJET-Performance Evaluation of Waste Coconut Shells and Coir Fiber as Substi...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study on using coconut shells and coir fiber as partial replacements for coarse and fine aggregates in concrete. Coconut shells were used as a partial replacement for coarse aggregates at percentages ranging from 0% to 30%, while coir fiber was used as a partial replacement for fine aggregates (sand) over the same range. Concrete mixtures were tested for their compressive and split tensile strengths at curing periods of 3, 7, and 28 days. The results showed that compressive and split tensile strengths peaked at a 20% replacement level, beyond which strengths started to decrease with further replacement. Therefore, coconut shells and coir fiber can be effectively used to partially replace conventional aggregates in concrete, with maximum
Experimental and Analytical Investigation on Strength Properties of Concrete ...HARISH B A
The experiment work carried out by micro silica as a supplementary material for cement and evaluate
cement for M20 grade of concrete. We are adding 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of cement in concrete. The
material chosen for structural up gradation should not pollute the environment. They should be accessible to the
ordinary people and low monetary cost. Coconut fibre is abundant, versatile, renewable, cheap and more resistant
thermal conductivity. Coconut fibres have the highest toughness amongst natural fibre. They have potential to be used
as reinforcement in low cost concrete structures, especially in tropical earth quake region. The aim of investigation is
study the possibilities to use coconut fibre in addition to other constituents of concrete and strength properties. The
influence of 1%, 2% and 3% fibre content by mass of cement and aspect ratio 125, fibre cut length 2.80cm is
investigated. To evaluate the effect of coconut fibres improving the properties of concrete.At 1% addition of coconut
fibre, 5% silica fume with water cement ratio 0.53. compressive strength test and split tensile strength gives best result
in concrete.
Strength of Corrugated Roofing Elements Reinforced with CoirIRJET Journal
1) The study evaluated the strength properties of corrugated roofing sheets reinforced with coconut (coir) fibers and fly ash.
2) Samples of corrugated roofing sheets were produced by casting mixtures of cement, sand, water, coir fibers (0.1-0.4% by volume) and fly ash (10-30% cement replacement).
3) The samples were then tested to determine their flexural strength, impact resistance, and water absorption. Test results showed that samples with 0.2% coir fiber and 20% fly ash replacement exhibited the highest flexural and impact strengths.
IRJET- Reuse of Natural Waste Material (Coconut Waste) for Making Light Weigh...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that studied the reuse of coconut waste materials for making lightweight bricks as an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional clay bricks. Researchers prepared bricks with varying ratios of soil replaced by coconut fibers and shells. The bricks were tested for compressive strength and water absorption. Results showed that replacing up to 15% of soil maintained adequate compressive strength while reducing brick weight. Using coconut waste in brick production provides an economically and environmentally sustainable use of agricultural waste while producing construction materials.
IRJET - Flexural Behaviour on Fiber Reinforced Bubble Deck Beam with Recycled...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on the flexural behavior of fiber reinforced bubble deck beams that use recycled aggregates. A bubble deck beam is a beam where the core material in the middle is replaced with hollow spheres to reduce weight. In this study, the core concrete of beams was partially replaced with high-density polyethylene balls. Recycled coarse aggregates were used to replace 100% of natural coarse aggregates. Recron 3s polyester fibers were added in dosages from 1-4% by weight of fine aggregate to improve concrete properties. Beams were cast and tested to determine flexural strength, compressive strength, modulus of rupture, and split tensile strength at various curing periods. The results were compared to a control beam without fibers
IRJET- Strength and Durability Study of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Containin...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the strength and durability of recycled aggregate concrete containing silica fume as a partial replacement for cement. Tests were performed on concrete mixes with 0-50% replacement of natural coarse aggregates with recycled aggregates. The results showed that up to 30% replacement, the concrete achieved similar strength as conventional concrete. Beyond 30%, strength decreased. Initial surface absorption and sorptivity increased with higher replacement levels. However, recycled aggregate concrete performed well in ultrasonic pulse velocity tests. The optimum replacement of natural aggregates was found to be 30%.
IRJET- Reuse of Plastics in Soil Bricks Substituting Traditional BricksIRJET Journal
The document discusses the reuse of plastic waste in manufacturing soil bricks as an alternative to traditional clay bricks. Plastic waste is a growing problem as plastics do not degrade naturally. The study aims to use waste plastics to create bricks that can be used in construction. Bricks were created with different ratios of plastic and soil. Testing showed plastic-soil bricks with 1% plastic and 2% soil had a compressive strength of 5.12 N/mm2, meeting standards and higher than traditional clay bricks. Water absorption was also lower for plastic bricks compared to clay. The study concludes plastic bricks can help reduce waste while providing a construction material that meets standards.
Effect of M40 Concrete With Partial Substitute Of OPC with Micro Silica and R...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the mechanical and durability characteristics of M40 grade concrete with partial replacements of cement with micro silica and fine aggregate with manufactured sand, along with the addition of steel fibers. The concrete mixture contained 4%, 8%, and 12% micro silica replacements of cement, 50% replacement of natural sand with manufactured sand, and 1.5% steel fibers by weight of cementitious material. The optimum dosage of micro silica was found to be 8% replacement of cement. The study aimed to determine the effects on compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths as well as water permeability and chloride attack resistance.
IRJET-Performance Evaluation of Waste Coconut Shells and Coir Fiber as Substi...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study on using coconut shells and coir fiber as partial replacements for coarse and fine aggregates in concrete. Coconut shells were used as a partial replacement for coarse aggregates at percentages ranging from 0% to 30%, while coir fiber was used as a partial replacement for fine aggregates (sand) over the same range. Concrete mixtures were tested for their compressive and split tensile strengths at curing periods of 3, 7, and 28 days. The results showed that compressive and split tensile strengths peaked at a 20% replacement level, beyond which strengths started to decrease with further replacement. Therefore, coconut shells and coir fiber can be effectively used to partially replace conventional aggregates in concrete, with maximum
Experimental and Analytical Investigation on Strength Properties of Concrete ...HARISH B A
The experiment work carried out by micro silica as a supplementary material for cement and evaluate
cement for M20 grade of concrete. We are adding 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of cement in concrete. The
material chosen for structural up gradation should not pollute the environment. They should be accessible to the
ordinary people and low monetary cost. Coconut fibre is abundant, versatile, renewable, cheap and more resistant
thermal conductivity. Coconut fibres have the highest toughness amongst natural fibre. They have potential to be used
as reinforcement in low cost concrete structures, especially in tropical earth quake region. The aim of investigation is
study the possibilities to use coconut fibre in addition to other constituents of concrete and strength properties. The
influence of 1%, 2% and 3% fibre content by mass of cement and aspect ratio 125, fibre cut length 2.80cm is
investigated. To evaluate the effect of coconut fibres improving the properties of concrete.At 1% addition of coconut
fibre, 5% silica fume with water cement ratio 0.53. compressive strength test and split tensile strength gives best result
in concrete.
Strength of Corrugated Roofing Elements Reinforced with CoirIRJET Journal
1) The study evaluated the strength properties of corrugated roofing sheets reinforced with coconut (coir) fibers and fly ash.
2) Samples of corrugated roofing sheets were produced by casting mixtures of cement, sand, water, coir fibers (0.1-0.4% by volume) and fly ash (10-30% cement replacement).
3) The samples were then tested to determine their flexural strength, impact resistance, and water absorption. Test results showed that samples with 0.2% coir fiber and 20% fly ash replacement exhibited the highest flexural and impact strengths.
IRJET- Reuse of Natural Waste Material (Coconut Waste) for Making Light Weigh...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that studied the reuse of coconut waste materials for making lightweight bricks as an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional clay bricks. Researchers prepared bricks with varying ratios of soil replaced by coconut fibers and shells. The bricks were tested for compressive strength and water absorption. Results showed that replacing up to 15% of soil maintained adequate compressive strength while reducing brick weight. Using coconut waste in brick production provides an economically and environmentally sustainable use of agricultural waste while producing construction materials.
IRJET - Flexural Behaviour on Fiber Reinforced Bubble Deck Beam with Recycled...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on the flexural behavior of fiber reinforced bubble deck beams that use recycled aggregates. A bubble deck beam is a beam where the core material in the middle is replaced with hollow spheres to reduce weight. In this study, the core concrete of beams was partially replaced with high-density polyethylene balls. Recycled coarse aggregates were used to replace 100% of natural coarse aggregates. Recron 3s polyester fibers were added in dosages from 1-4% by weight of fine aggregate to improve concrete properties. Beams were cast and tested to determine flexural strength, compressive strength, modulus of rupture, and split tensile strength at various curing periods. The results were compared to a control beam without fibers
IRJET- Strength and Durability Study of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Containin...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the strength and durability of recycled aggregate concrete containing silica fume as a partial replacement for cement. Tests were performed on concrete mixes with 0-50% replacement of natural coarse aggregates with recycled aggregates. The results showed that up to 30% replacement, the concrete achieved similar strength as conventional concrete. Beyond 30%, strength decreased. Initial surface absorption and sorptivity increased with higher replacement levels. However, recycled aggregate concrete performed well in ultrasonic pulse velocity tests. The optimum replacement of natural aggregates was found to be 30%.
IRJET- Standard Recycled Aggregate Concrete Incorporate with Micro SilicaIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing recycled aggregate concrete incorporating micro silica. The research aims to improve the properties of recycled aggregate concrete by partially substituting natural aggregate with recycled aggregate from demolished structures and incorporating micro silica mineral admixture. Experimental results show that incorporating micro silica up to 10% improves the workability and compressive strength of concrete with 25% recycled coarse aggregate replacement compared to natural aggregate concrete. The addition of micro silica reduces porosity and improves bonding between cement and aggregates in recycled aggregate concrete.
IRJET- Effect of Silica Fume Ash and GRF on the Strength and Durability Prope...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental study on the strength and durability properties of concrete with the addition of silica fume ash and glass reinforced fiber. Three mix designs were tested with varying percentages of cement, silica fume ash, and glass reinforced fiber. Tests were performed to determine the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, rapid chloride permeability, and water absorption of the concrete mixes. The results showed that the mix with 70% cement, 20% silica fume ash, and 10% glass reinforced fiber (C70S20G10) had the highest compressive strength and lowest rapid chloride permeability, indicating improved strength and durability.
IRJET- Experimental Study on the Behaviour of Self Healing Concrete using Sil...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the behavior of self-healing concrete using silica gel in microcapsules as a healing agent. Concrete specimens were made with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% dosages of silica gel by weight of cement. The specimens were initially cracked and then retested after 7 days of curing. Test results showed that specimens with 0.3% silica gel achieved the highest regain in compressive strength and split tensile strength after healing, reaching 55.34% of the original strength. The study aims to evaluate the influence of silica gel dosage on the strength properties of self-healing concrete.
IRJET- Utilization of Ceramic Waste in GroutIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on utilizing ceramic waste in grout. Ceramic wastes like marble dust, granite dust, and crushed sand were used to create grout mixtures. Different sieve sizes and water ratios were tested to determine optimal flowability and strength. Compressive strength and tensile strength tests were performed on grout cubes and cylinders. The optimal mix was found to be 45% marble dust, 45% granite dust, 10% crushed sand, and 0.45% water ratio, achieving an average compressive strength of 11.37 N/mm2 and tensile strength of 3.65 N/mm2. This grout mixture provides equivalent strength to commercial grouts but at a significantly reduced cost of around 70
IRJET- Comparative Study of Effect of Replacement of Conventional Curing with...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study on the effect of replacing conventional water curing with different curing methods at elevated temperatures for cement concrete cubes. Concrete cubes were cured using different curing compounds including paraffin-based and acrylic-based compounds. The cubes were then heated to temperatures of 100°C, 150°C and 200°C. Compressive strength and water absorption tests were performed on the cubes. The results were compared to cubes cured with conventional water curing to analyze the effect of different curing methods at elevated temperatures.
Comparison of mechanical properties of the Zro2 and TiO2 filler epoxy compositeIRJET Journal
This document compares the mechanical properties of epoxy composites filled with ZrO2 and TiO2. TiO2 and ZrO2 filler epoxy composites were fabricated using hand layup and cured for 48 hours. Testing was carried out according to ASTM standards. The results showed that the addition of ZrO2 and TiO2 fillers enhanced the mechanical properties of the epoxy composites, with ZrO2 fillers providing the best enhancement. The composites were also subjected to different environmental conditions like mineral water, saline water, petrol and diesel to study their effects. Moisture absorption and thickness swelling tests were conducted to analyze the influence of water uptake on mechanical properties.
Evaluation of Sustainable Green Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement b...IRJET Journal
This document evaluates sustainable green concrete with partial replacements of cement by rice husk ash and coarse aggregate by crushed cattle bones. Concrete cubes were made with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% rice husk ash replacement of cement and 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% crushed cattle bone replacement of coarse aggregate. The compressive strength of the concrete cubes after 28 days was found to increase by 20-30% compared to normal concrete, demonstrating that the use of rice husk ash and crushed cattle bones can improve the strength and sustainability of concrete.
IRJET- Study on Behaviour of Sea Water Concrete with Fly Ash and Sugar SolutionIRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on the suitability of using sea water in concrete. The researchers conducted experiments with concrete mixes using sea water instead of fresh water, and added various percentages of fly ash and sugar solution as admixtures. They tested the compressive strength and split tensile strength of sea water concrete cubes and cylinders cured in sea water, and found that with optimal admixture proportions, the durability of sea water concrete can be improved and its strength values come close to that of conventional concrete made with fresh water. The study aims to encourage the use of sea water in construction to conserve fresh water resources.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on using Metakaolin and Marble Dust in Conc...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on using metakaolin and marble dust in concrete as a partial replacement for cement. Metakaolin is a calcined clay that is easily available in parts of India. Marble dust is a byproduct of marble cutting and manufacturing industries. The study aims to assess the utility of using these industrial wastes (metakaolin and marble dust) as cement replacements in concrete. Various percentages of cement were replaced with combinations of metakaolin and marble dust. The compressive strength and other properties of the concrete mixtures were then tested at 7 and 28 days to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of this partial cement replacement approach.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Formulation and Characterization of Bioc...IRJET Journal
1. The study experimentally investigated the formulation and characterization of biocretes by partially replacing coarse aggregate in concrete with oyster shells.
2. Specimens with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% replacement of coarse aggregate with oyster shells were tested to determine their compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths at various ages.
3. The results showed that 10% replacement of oyster shells produced the highest compressive strength. Up to 10% replacement can produce concrete with good strength properties.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Pervious Concrete using Nano SilicaIRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates the use of nano silica in pervious concrete. Pervious concrete allows water to pass through it, reducing runoff and increasing groundwater recharge compared to conventional concrete. The study found that pervious concrete with 3% nano silica had lower compressive strength than conventional concrete due to its porosity, but higher water absorption. While not suitable for high-traffic roads, pervious concrete could be used in applications requiring low strength like footpaths and parking areas. The document concludes that pervious concrete is an environmentally friendly option, though friction is higher than other pavement materials.
IRJET- Analysis of Compressive Strength of Self Curing Concrete Made using Po...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the compressive strength of self-curing concrete made using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG400). PEG400 is used as an internal curing compound to prevent moisture loss from concrete and allow for more complete hydration. Tests were conducted on M20 grade concrete with 0-1.5% PEG400 by weight of cement. Results found that 0.5-1% PEG400 concrete had higher 7 and 28-day compressive strengths than plain concrete, with less cracking. PEG400 improved workability and water retention, allowing for better strength development over time compared to traditional curing methods.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Split Tensile Strength of Nano Silica ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document reports on an experimental study that investigated the effect of nano silica on the split tensile strength of concrete. Concrete samples were produced by replacing 0-3% of cement with nano silica. Testing found that split tensile strength increased up to 3% nano silica replacement, with the highest strength achieved with 3% replacement. Workability also increased up to 2.5% replacement before decreasing. The study concluded that nano silica improves split tensile strength by altering the microstructure of concrete and that maximum strength is achieved with 3% cement replacement by nano silica.
Study of Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Nano ZirconiaIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of adding nano zirconia powder on the mechanical properties of concrete. Nano zirconia was added at percentages ranging from 0% to 1.2% and concrete specimens were tested after 28 days. Test results showed that compressive, tensile, and impact strengths increased with the addition of up to 0.2% nano zirconia compared to normal concrete. However, strengths started to decrease with additions over 0.2%. The 0.2% nano zirconia mix also demonstrated improved workability. Therefore, the study concludes that adding 0.2% nano zirconia improves the mechanical properties of concrete the most.
Experimental and Anlytical Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Opening...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental study on the use of foundry sand as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in reinforced concrete beams. Foundry sand is a waste byproduct from metal casting industries. The study aims to utilize this waste material in concrete production. Concrete cubes and beams were cast using foundry sand replacements of 0-100% in increments of 10%. Beams were cast with a rounded rectangular opening. Testing found that a 40% replacement of foundry sand provided the maximum compressive strength. Beams were then cast using the 40% optimized mix and tested under two-point loading. Test results showed that foundry sand can be used as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete, improving strength and providing an outlet for an
IRJET- Experimental Study on Engineered Cementitious CompositeIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on engineered cementitious composite (ECC). ECC is a type of concrete that can withstand high tensile strains without fracturing, unlike conventional concrete. The study examines the compressive strength and flexural strength of ECC cubes and slabs of various thicknesses. ECC mixtures were prepared with different percentages of polyvinyl alcohol fibers added to improve flexibility. Testing showed that as fiber percentage increased, slump and compressive strength decreased while flexural strength increased. Flexural strength was highest for the smallest slab depth and highest fiber content. The study concluded that ECC can achieve enhanced flexibility and energy absorption compared to traditional concrete.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Behaviour of Nano Silica in ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document describes an experimental investigation on the behavior of nano silica in concrete. Nano silica was used as a partial replacement for cement in M60 grade concrete in proportions of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The effect on the workability and mechanical properties (compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength) of fresh and hardened concrete was studied. The results were compared to normal concrete without nano silica. The objectives were to study the use of nano silica to reduce cement content and improve the properties and performance of high strength concrete.
IRJET- Utilization of Sugarmill Waste in Manufacturing of BricksIRJET Journal
The document discusses utilizing waste materials from sugarcane processing, namely sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), in manufacturing bricks as a way to promote more sustainable construction practices. Bricks were produced using SBA as the primary raw material along with quarry dust and lime, and tested to determine their compressive strength and suitability for construction. The results indicated that using SBA in brick production provides an economically viable way to dispose of this agricultural waste while generating bricks that meet construction standards.
IRJET- Effect of Different Curing on Strength of ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effect of different curing methods on the compressive strength of concrete. Concrete cubes were cured using three methods - immersion (water curing), sprinkling, and plastic sheeting. Testing at 7 and 28 days found that water curing and sprinkling provided higher compressive strengths than plastic sheeting. Plastic sheeting allowed more drying, hindering the hydration process and reducing strength. Overall, water curing is recommended to achieve better compressive strength.
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation on Structural Properties of Polymer ...IRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental investigation on the structural properties of polymer modified fiber reinforced concrete. Specifically, it examines the stress-strain behavior of concrete modified with styrene butadiene rubber latex polymer and containing 0.5-9.5% crimped steel fibers by weight of cement. Tests were conducted to determine the workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and shear strength of the modified concrete. The results show that workability initially increases with polymer but decreases with higher fiber content. Compressive and flexural strengths generally improve with addition of polymers and fibers up to an optimum fiber content, above which strengths decrease. Ductility is found to increase in the polymer and fiber reinforced concrete compared to
IRJET- Characteristic Strength of Polymer Impregnated ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document presents research on improving the strength and durability of concrete by impregnating it with epoxy resin. Conventional concrete specimens and epoxy impregnated concrete specimens were tested under compression, flexure, and splitting tension at 28 days. Test results showed the impregnated concrete had significantly higher strengths - compressive strength was 32.8-33.1 MPa compared to 27.8-27.9 MPa for conventional concrete, flexural strength was 13.7-14.25 MPa compared to 8.25-8.75 MPa, and splitting tensile strength was 3.81-3.96 MPa compared to 2.78-2.91 MPa. The
IRJET- Design of 300 Years Durable Concrete for Nuclear Confinement Zone ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a 300-year durable self-compacting concrete for use in nuclear confinement zones and tunnel formworks. The concrete mixture uses materials like cement, silica fume, Alccofine 1203, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and an admixture to achieve high durability and self-compaction properties. Silica fume and Alccofine help reduce carbonation and permeability through pozzolanic reactions and fine particle sizes. A water-binder ratio of 0.28 provides sufficient workability while ensuring complete hydration. This concrete is predicted to last 300 years based on durability modeling software.
IRJET- Standard Recycled Aggregate Concrete Incorporate with Micro SilicaIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing recycled aggregate concrete incorporating micro silica. The research aims to improve the properties of recycled aggregate concrete by partially substituting natural aggregate with recycled aggregate from demolished structures and incorporating micro silica mineral admixture. Experimental results show that incorporating micro silica up to 10% improves the workability and compressive strength of concrete with 25% recycled coarse aggregate replacement compared to natural aggregate concrete. The addition of micro silica reduces porosity and improves bonding between cement and aggregates in recycled aggregate concrete.
IRJET- Effect of Silica Fume Ash and GRF on the Strength and Durability Prope...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental study on the strength and durability properties of concrete with the addition of silica fume ash and glass reinforced fiber. Three mix designs were tested with varying percentages of cement, silica fume ash, and glass reinforced fiber. Tests were performed to determine the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, rapid chloride permeability, and water absorption of the concrete mixes. The results showed that the mix with 70% cement, 20% silica fume ash, and 10% glass reinforced fiber (C70S20G10) had the highest compressive strength and lowest rapid chloride permeability, indicating improved strength and durability.
IRJET- Experimental Study on the Behaviour of Self Healing Concrete using Sil...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the behavior of self-healing concrete using silica gel in microcapsules as a healing agent. Concrete specimens were made with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% dosages of silica gel by weight of cement. The specimens were initially cracked and then retested after 7 days of curing. Test results showed that specimens with 0.3% silica gel achieved the highest regain in compressive strength and split tensile strength after healing, reaching 55.34% of the original strength. The study aims to evaluate the influence of silica gel dosage on the strength properties of self-healing concrete.
IRJET- Utilization of Ceramic Waste in GroutIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on utilizing ceramic waste in grout. Ceramic wastes like marble dust, granite dust, and crushed sand were used to create grout mixtures. Different sieve sizes and water ratios were tested to determine optimal flowability and strength. Compressive strength and tensile strength tests were performed on grout cubes and cylinders. The optimal mix was found to be 45% marble dust, 45% granite dust, 10% crushed sand, and 0.45% water ratio, achieving an average compressive strength of 11.37 N/mm2 and tensile strength of 3.65 N/mm2. This grout mixture provides equivalent strength to commercial grouts but at a significantly reduced cost of around 70
IRJET- Comparative Study of Effect of Replacement of Conventional Curing with...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study on the effect of replacing conventional water curing with different curing methods at elevated temperatures for cement concrete cubes. Concrete cubes were cured using different curing compounds including paraffin-based and acrylic-based compounds. The cubes were then heated to temperatures of 100°C, 150°C and 200°C. Compressive strength and water absorption tests were performed on the cubes. The results were compared to cubes cured with conventional water curing to analyze the effect of different curing methods at elevated temperatures.
Comparison of mechanical properties of the Zro2 and TiO2 filler epoxy compositeIRJET Journal
This document compares the mechanical properties of epoxy composites filled with ZrO2 and TiO2. TiO2 and ZrO2 filler epoxy composites were fabricated using hand layup and cured for 48 hours. Testing was carried out according to ASTM standards. The results showed that the addition of ZrO2 and TiO2 fillers enhanced the mechanical properties of the epoxy composites, with ZrO2 fillers providing the best enhancement. The composites were also subjected to different environmental conditions like mineral water, saline water, petrol and diesel to study their effects. Moisture absorption and thickness swelling tests were conducted to analyze the influence of water uptake on mechanical properties.
Evaluation of Sustainable Green Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement b...IRJET Journal
This document evaluates sustainable green concrete with partial replacements of cement by rice husk ash and coarse aggregate by crushed cattle bones. Concrete cubes were made with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% rice husk ash replacement of cement and 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% crushed cattle bone replacement of coarse aggregate. The compressive strength of the concrete cubes after 28 days was found to increase by 20-30% compared to normal concrete, demonstrating that the use of rice husk ash and crushed cattle bones can improve the strength and sustainability of concrete.
IRJET- Study on Behaviour of Sea Water Concrete with Fly Ash and Sugar SolutionIRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on the suitability of using sea water in concrete. The researchers conducted experiments with concrete mixes using sea water instead of fresh water, and added various percentages of fly ash and sugar solution as admixtures. They tested the compressive strength and split tensile strength of sea water concrete cubes and cylinders cured in sea water, and found that with optimal admixture proportions, the durability of sea water concrete can be improved and its strength values come close to that of conventional concrete made with fresh water. The study aims to encourage the use of sea water in construction to conserve fresh water resources.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on using Metakaolin and Marble Dust in Conc...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on using metakaolin and marble dust in concrete as a partial replacement for cement. Metakaolin is a calcined clay that is easily available in parts of India. Marble dust is a byproduct of marble cutting and manufacturing industries. The study aims to assess the utility of using these industrial wastes (metakaolin and marble dust) as cement replacements in concrete. Various percentages of cement were replaced with combinations of metakaolin and marble dust. The compressive strength and other properties of the concrete mixtures were then tested at 7 and 28 days to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of this partial cement replacement approach.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Formulation and Characterization of Bioc...IRJET Journal
1. The study experimentally investigated the formulation and characterization of biocretes by partially replacing coarse aggregate in concrete with oyster shells.
2. Specimens with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% replacement of coarse aggregate with oyster shells were tested to determine their compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths at various ages.
3. The results showed that 10% replacement of oyster shells produced the highest compressive strength. Up to 10% replacement can produce concrete with good strength properties.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Pervious Concrete using Nano SilicaIRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates the use of nano silica in pervious concrete. Pervious concrete allows water to pass through it, reducing runoff and increasing groundwater recharge compared to conventional concrete. The study found that pervious concrete with 3% nano silica had lower compressive strength than conventional concrete due to its porosity, but higher water absorption. While not suitable for high-traffic roads, pervious concrete could be used in applications requiring low strength like footpaths and parking areas. The document concludes that pervious concrete is an environmentally friendly option, though friction is higher than other pavement materials.
IRJET- Analysis of Compressive Strength of Self Curing Concrete Made using Po...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the compressive strength of self-curing concrete made using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG400). PEG400 is used as an internal curing compound to prevent moisture loss from concrete and allow for more complete hydration. Tests were conducted on M20 grade concrete with 0-1.5% PEG400 by weight of cement. Results found that 0.5-1% PEG400 concrete had higher 7 and 28-day compressive strengths than plain concrete, with less cracking. PEG400 improved workability and water retention, allowing for better strength development over time compared to traditional curing methods.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Split Tensile Strength of Nano Silica ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document reports on an experimental study that investigated the effect of nano silica on the split tensile strength of concrete. Concrete samples were produced by replacing 0-3% of cement with nano silica. Testing found that split tensile strength increased up to 3% nano silica replacement, with the highest strength achieved with 3% replacement. Workability also increased up to 2.5% replacement before decreasing. The study concluded that nano silica improves split tensile strength by altering the microstructure of concrete and that maximum strength is achieved with 3% cement replacement by nano silica.
Study of Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Nano ZirconiaIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of adding nano zirconia powder on the mechanical properties of concrete. Nano zirconia was added at percentages ranging from 0% to 1.2% and concrete specimens were tested after 28 days. Test results showed that compressive, tensile, and impact strengths increased with the addition of up to 0.2% nano zirconia compared to normal concrete. However, strengths started to decrease with additions over 0.2%. The 0.2% nano zirconia mix also demonstrated improved workability. Therefore, the study concludes that adding 0.2% nano zirconia improves the mechanical properties of concrete the most.
Experimental and Anlytical Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Opening...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental study on the use of foundry sand as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in reinforced concrete beams. Foundry sand is a waste byproduct from metal casting industries. The study aims to utilize this waste material in concrete production. Concrete cubes and beams were cast using foundry sand replacements of 0-100% in increments of 10%. Beams were cast with a rounded rectangular opening. Testing found that a 40% replacement of foundry sand provided the maximum compressive strength. Beams were then cast using the 40% optimized mix and tested under two-point loading. Test results showed that foundry sand can be used as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete, improving strength and providing an outlet for an
IRJET- Experimental Study on Engineered Cementitious CompositeIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on engineered cementitious composite (ECC). ECC is a type of concrete that can withstand high tensile strains without fracturing, unlike conventional concrete. The study examines the compressive strength and flexural strength of ECC cubes and slabs of various thicknesses. ECC mixtures were prepared with different percentages of polyvinyl alcohol fibers added to improve flexibility. Testing showed that as fiber percentage increased, slump and compressive strength decreased while flexural strength increased. Flexural strength was highest for the smallest slab depth and highest fiber content. The study concluded that ECC can achieve enhanced flexibility and energy absorption compared to traditional concrete.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Behaviour of Nano Silica in ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document describes an experimental investigation on the behavior of nano silica in concrete. Nano silica was used as a partial replacement for cement in M60 grade concrete in proportions of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The effect on the workability and mechanical properties (compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength) of fresh and hardened concrete was studied. The results were compared to normal concrete without nano silica. The objectives were to study the use of nano silica to reduce cement content and improve the properties and performance of high strength concrete.
IRJET- Utilization of Sugarmill Waste in Manufacturing of BricksIRJET Journal
The document discusses utilizing waste materials from sugarcane processing, namely sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), in manufacturing bricks as a way to promote more sustainable construction practices. Bricks were produced using SBA as the primary raw material along with quarry dust and lime, and tested to determine their compressive strength and suitability for construction. The results indicated that using SBA in brick production provides an economically viable way to dispose of this agricultural waste while generating bricks that meet construction standards.
IRJET- Effect of Different Curing on Strength of ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effect of different curing methods on the compressive strength of concrete. Concrete cubes were cured using three methods - immersion (water curing), sprinkling, and plastic sheeting. Testing at 7 and 28 days found that water curing and sprinkling provided higher compressive strengths than plastic sheeting. Plastic sheeting allowed more drying, hindering the hydration process and reducing strength. Overall, water curing is recommended to achieve better compressive strength.
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation on Structural Properties of Polymer ...IRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental investigation on the structural properties of polymer modified fiber reinforced concrete. Specifically, it examines the stress-strain behavior of concrete modified with styrene butadiene rubber latex polymer and containing 0.5-9.5% crimped steel fibers by weight of cement. Tests were conducted to determine the workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and shear strength of the modified concrete. The results show that workability initially increases with polymer but decreases with higher fiber content. Compressive and flexural strengths generally improve with addition of polymers and fibers up to an optimum fiber content, above which strengths decrease. Ductility is found to increase in the polymer and fiber reinforced concrete compared to
IRJET- Characteristic Strength of Polymer Impregnated ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document presents research on improving the strength and durability of concrete by impregnating it with epoxy resin. Conventional concrete specimens and epoxy impregnated concrete specimens were tested under compression, flexure, and splitting tension at 28 days. Test results showed the impregnated concrete had significantly higher strengths - compressive strength was 32.8-33.1 MPa compared to 27.8-27.9 MPa for conventional concrete, flexural strength was 13.7-14.25 MPa compared to 8.25-8.75 MPa, and splitting tensile strength was 3.81-3.96 MPa compared to 2.78-2.91 MPa. The
IRJET- Design of 300 Years Durable Concrete for Nuclear Confinement Zone ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a 300-year durable self-compacting concrete for use in nuclear confinement zones and tunnel formworks. The concrete mixture uses materials like cement, silica fume, Alccofine 1203, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and an admixture to achieve high durability and self-compaction properties. Silica fume and Alccofine help reduce carbonation and permeability through pozzolanic reactions and fine particle sizes. A water-binder ratio of 0.28 provides sufficient workability while ensuring complete hydration. This concrete is predicted to last 300 years based on durability modeling software.
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation on Properties of Concrete by the Additio...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on the properties of concrete with additions of fly ash and polycarboxylate ether (PCE). The experiment tested concretes with 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% replacements of cement with fly ash. PCE was added at 0.7-1% of cement weight. Tests measured compressive strength, tensile strength, and workability at 7 and 28 days. Results showed that additions of up to 25% fly ash and PCE increased workability and strengths compared to conventional concrete, allowing reductions in cement content while maintaining performance. The maximum strengths and decreases in cement quantity were achieved with 25% fly ash addition and PCE.
IRJET- CharactCharacteristic Study on Behaviour of Integral Crystalline Water...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of integral crystalline waterproofing concrete where cement is partially replaced with fly ash, GGBS, silica fume, or rice husk ash along with the addition of a crystalline waterproofing agent. Compressive strength tests were performed on concrete cubes at 7, 14, and 28 days that used each replacement material at different percentages along with 2% crystalline waterproofing agent. The results showed that concrete with 10% fly ash replacement and 2% crystalline waterproofing agent had the lowest 28-day compressive strength, while concrete with 20% GGBS replacement and 2% crystalline waterproofing agent had the highest 28-day compressive strength. In conclusion, the addition of crystalline
IRJET- An Experimental Study on Air Entrained Mortar by Utilising Lather AgentIRJET Journal
This document presents research on producing an air-entrained mortar utilizing sugarcane ash and a lather agent. Mortar samples were produced with 10%, 30%, and 50% cement replaced by sugarcane ash. The samples were tested for compressive strength and water absorption at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results showed compressive strengths of 11.2 MPa, 8.5 MPa, and 7.3 MPa respectively for the 10%, 30%, and 50% sugarcane ash replacements compared to 12.5 MPa for a conventional mortar. Water absorption also increased with higher sugarcane ash content. The study concludes the mortar produced is beneficial due to lower cost and weight while being
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SCC BY ADDING POLYPROPYLENE FIBER WITH CASHEW NUT SHELL...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with the addition of polypropylene fiber and partial replacement of cement with cashew nut shell ash (CNSA). CNSA was used to replace cement at levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% and polypropylene fiber was added at 1%. Cubes and cylinders were cast and tested for compressive and split tensile strength at 7 and 28 days. Test results showed that the mix with 10% CNSA replacement and 1% polypropylene fiber addition achieved the highest strengths, exceeding that of the control mix without additions. Therefore, this mix was determined to be the optimum mix proportion studied
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Self Compacting Concrete with Sisal FiberIRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates self-compacting concrete with sisal fiber. It includes a literature review on self-compacting concrete and fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete. The study examines the fresh and hardened properties of concrete mixes containing different percentages of sisal fiber. The results show that adding sisal fiber increases the compressive and splitting tensile strength of the self-compacting concrete mixes. The highest strength gains were observed with the mixes containing the most fiber. The study concludes that sisal fiber has a positive effect on improving the properties of self-compacting concrete and is recommended for use in reinforcing self-compacting concrete.
Effect of Limewater on the Properties of Binary Blended Cementitious CompositeIRJET Journal
This document studied the effect of limewater on the properties of cement mixtures containing silica fume. Tests were conducted on cement mixtures with 0-50% replacement of cement with silica fume, and mixing with either water or saturated limewater. Using limewater increased both initial and final setting times compared to water. Compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength were highest with 30% silica fume replacement and limewater mixing, showing increases of 34.7%, 60.96%, and 46.91% respectively over the control mixture without silica fume or limewater at 28 days. In conclusion, limewater improved the mechanical properties of cement mixtures with 30% silica fume replacement.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Concrete Adding with Granite Dust and Copper ScrapIRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigated the effects of partially replacing sand with granite dust and adding copper scrap to concrete. Concrete cubes and cylinders were cast with 25% replacement of sand by granite dust and addition of 1%, 1.5%, and 2% copper scrap. Testing found that compressive strength increased up to 3MPa and tensile strength increased significantly with the partial replacements compared to conventional concrete. Specifically, concrete with 25% granite dust and 1.5% copper scrap additions achieved the highest strengths. Thus, utilizing these wastes provided an economical and environmentally friendly concrete mix.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CONCRETE DURABILITY BY PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WI...IRJET Journal
This study examines the durability of concrete with partial replacement of cement with sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA). Cubes, cylinders, and prisms were cast with 0% and 10% SCBA replacement by weight of cement to produce M25 grade concrete. The specimens were tested at 28, 56, and 90 days for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. Testing showed that 10% SCBA replacement concrete had higher strengths compared to the control mix at all ages. Additionally, acid and sulfate resistance tests were conducted to determine the performance of SCBA concrete under various exposure conditions.
Study of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Containing Silica Fume as Partial Replac...IRJET Journal
This document studies recycled aggregate concrete containing silica fume as a partial replacement for cement. Various percentages of recycled aggregate were used to replace natural aggregate in concrete mixes, from 0% to 50%. Mechanical properties such as compressive and tensile strength were tested. The results showed that replacing up to 30% of natural aggregate with recycled aggregate can achieve similar strength as conventional concrete. Above 30% replacement, strength tends to decrease. The materials used in the concrete mixes included grade 43 cement, natural and recycled coarse aggregates of different sizes, river sand, silica fume, and water.
The Suitability of Crushed Over Burnt Bricks as Coarse Aggregate for ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using crushed over burnt bricks as coarse aggregate in concrete. Tests were conducted to determine the physical properties of crushed over burnt brick aggregates and their suitability for replacing traditional stone aggregates at different percentages (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). The density and compressive strength of the concrete mixes decreased as the percentage of burnt brick aggregate increased. Software analysis using ANSYS found that up to 50% replacement resulted in acceptable deformation, strain, and stress levels under a high load, suggesting burnt brick aggregate can be used as a partial replacement at up to 50% to create economical concrete.
IRJET-Mix Proportion of Materials in Pervious ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document presents a literature review and mix design calculations for pervious concrete. It begins with an introduction to pervious concrete and its benefits over traditional concrete for pavement applications. It then reviews literature on the use of supplementary cementitious materials like fly ash and slag to partially replace cement in pervious concrete mixes. The document goes on to present the mix design calculations for an M35 grade pervious concrete, determining proportions to achieve the target compressive strength while allowing for high permeability. Fly ash is included at 10% replacement of cement in the design. Test methods for properties like compressive strength and permeability are also discussed. The literature review covers over 20 references on mix designs and performance of pervious concrete using different materials.
Study of partial replacement of cement by barite powder and silica fume in se...IRJET Journal
The document studies the effect of partially replacing cement with barite powder and silica fume on the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete. Specimens of M30 grade self-compacting concrete were prepared by replacing cement at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% levels with barite powder and silica fume added at one-fourth the barite powder level. The compressive strength and split tensile strength of the specimens were tested after 7 and 28 days of curing and compared with a control specimen. The results showed that compressive strength generally increased up to 15% replacement, beyond which it started decreasing, while split tensile strength followed a similar trend.
An Experimental Investigation on Strength Characteristics 0f the Concrete usi...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on the strength characteristics of concrete using geopolymer. It examines concrete cubes made with different geopolymer mix designs and curing conditions. The key findings from the two phases of testing are:
Phase 1 compared concretes made with 100% fly ash, 50% fly ash-50% GGBS, and 100% GGBS as cement replacements. The 100% GGBS concrete achieved the highest strength.
Phase 2 varied the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution used in the geopolymer from 6M to 14M, with the 100% GGBS concrete from Phase 1. Compressive strength results showed strength increased with higher molar
IRJET- An Experimental Study on Behaviour of Concrete with Coco-PeatIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of concrete with coco-peat. Coco-peat is a waste material obtained from coconuts that can hold large quantities of water and reduce curing time. The study aimed to partially replace sand with coco-peat in concrete mixes. Concrete cubes with 0%, 10%, and 20% coco-peat replacement were tested and their 7-day and 28-day compressive strengths were compared to conventional concrete. The results showed that compressive strength generally decreased with higher coco-peat content, but coco-peat concrete still met structural requirements and provided benefits like reduced costs, curing time, and improved insulation.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Compressive Strength of Nano Silica ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study on the compressive strength of nano silica concrete. Concrete cubes were made by replacing 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% of cement with nano silica. Testing found that compressive strength increased with higher nano silica content up to 3%, with the highest strength achieved with 3% replacement. Replacement of 3% of cement with nano silica resulted in compressive strengths of 19.43MPa, 25.54MPa and 30.65MPa at 7, 14, and 28 days of curing respectively. The study concluded that nano silica improves the compressive strength of concrete in a replacement level-dependent manner
The document discusses a study on the influence of steel fibers on the behavior of hollow beams. It summarizes previous research that showed steel fiber reinforcement can enhance tensile strength, flexural strength, toughness, ductility and resistance to dynamic forces in concrete beams. The study then outlines materials testing and mix design for concrete specimens with and without hollow sections. Fifteen beams were cast and tested under center-point loading. Test results showed hollow beams experienced less deflection than solid beams and had higher load carrying capacity, indicating steel fiber reinforced hollow beams can optimize material usage while maintaining structural performance.
Effect of Using Water Hyacinth Extract and Glass Powder in ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the effect of using water hyacinth extract and glass powder in concrete. Glass powder is used to partially replace cement up to 25% by weight. Water hyacinth extract is used to replace the chemical admixture Conplast SP430 up to 25% by volume. Mix designs are developed for concrete with different proportions of glass powder and water hyacinth extract. The properties of fresh and hardened concrete such as workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength and water absorption are evaluated. The results show that replacing 20% cement with glass powder and 20% of Conplast SP430 with water hyacinth extract gives higher strength concrete. Using a bio-admixture and waste glass
IRJET- Comparative Study of Alternate Forms of Concrete by Replacing Bric...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study comparing different forms of concrete made by partially replacing traditional aggregates with recycled materials. Brick bats, crushed clay tiles were used to replace up to 40% of coarse aggregate. Lead slag, an industrial byproduct, was used to replace up to 60% of fine aggregate. Cubes were cast and tested at 7, 14, and 28 days to determine compressive strength. Results showed concrete with 30% replacement of coarse aggregate and 30% replacement of fine aggregate achieved near equivalent compressive strengths as traditional concrete. Using these recycled materials provides an economical and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional concrete mixes.
Similar to IRJET- Strength Study of Mortar with Partial Replacement of Cement with Micro Silica (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.