This document presents an experimental study on the use of bagasse ash as a cement replacing material. Bagasse ash samples were collected from a sugar factory in Ethiopia and tested for their chemical properties. The ash was ground to a fineness similar to ordinary Portland cement. Cement pastes and mortars with 5-30% replacement of bagasse ash were tested for normal consistency, setting time, and compressive strength. Concrete mixes with 0-25% cement replacement by bagasse ash were also prepared and tested at fresh and hardened states. The results showed that bagasse ash can partially replace cement up to a certain level without significantly affecting compressive strength.
IRJET- Waste Glass Powder as a Partial Replacement of Cement for Sustainable ...IRJET Journal
This study examines the use of waste glass powder as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. The researchers created concrete mixtures with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% replacement of cement with waste glass powder. They found that compressive strength increased up to 10% replacement at 7 days but decreased beyond 10% replacement. At 28 days, compressive strength increased up to 20% replacement but decreased beyond 20%. The study concludes that waste glass powder can partially replace cement in concrete production, which provides an environmentally-friendly use for waste glass.
IRJET- Partial Utilization of Waste Glass and Waste Paper Sludge in Cement Co...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that investigated utilizing waste glass powder and waste paper sludge ash as partial replacements for fine aggregates and cement in concrete. Concrete cubes and cylinders were cast with varying replacement levels of 0-35% glass and 0-15% ash. The specimens were tested after 7, 14, and 28 days of curing to determine their compressive strength, split tensile strength, and water absorption properties. The results showed that concrete made with partial replacements of up to 35% glass and 5% ash achieved comparable or higher strengths than the control concrete. This research demonstrates the potential of using waste materials to produce more sustainable "green" concrete.
The document summarizes growth opportunities in the global composites industry from 2012 to 2017. It finds that the global composite materials industry reached $19.6 billion in 2011 and is expected to reach $29.9 billion by 2017, representing a compound annual growth rate of around 7%. Key growth drivers include increasing demand from industries like automotive, aerospace, and wind energy. The automotive composites market in particular is forecast to grow from $2.8 billion to $4.3 billion over this period, driven by interest from automakers in using carbon fiber to reduce vehicle weight.
IRJET- To Study the Impact of Crumb Rubber on Young’s Modulus of ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document studies the impact of adding crumb rubber to concrete as a replacement for fine aggregates. Concrete cubes were created with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement of fine aggregates with crumb rubber. Compressive strength and Young's modulus were tested on the cubes at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results showed that compressive strength and Young's modulus decreased as rubber content increased. The 10% replacement mixture at 28 days provided sufficient strength while reducing waste rubber. In conclusion, crumb rubber can replace up to 10% of fine aggregates to utilize waste tires while providing concrete with some compressive strength and toughness.
IRJET- Waste Minimisation for Highway ConstructionIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using construction and demolition waste and tiles waste to replace 50% of aggregate materials used in highway construction. Key findings from testing include:
1) Physical property test results on samples with 50% replacement of aggregate with waste materials showed results similar to 100% aggregate samples and within acceptable standards.
2) Using waste materials can help reduce the need for natural aggregates by 50% while addressing waste disposal problems.
3) Replacing 50% of aggregate with a combination of 25% construction waste and 25% tiles waste is a viable and effective approach for road construction based on testing results.
IRJET- Improvement in Strength of Soil by Adding Stone Dust and Plastic W...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated using waste stone dust and plastic as soil stabilizers. Two soil samples were tested with varying percentages of additives. Direct shear tests and unconfined compression tests were performed to evaluate the effects on shear strength and unconfined compressive strength. The results showed that both cohesion and friction angle increased with higher additive contents for both soil samples. However, the increases in shear strength were more substantial for the second soil sample. In general, the study found that using waste stone dust and plastic as additives can improve the engineering properties of soils and provide an environmentally-friendly way of reusing solid wastes.
IRJET-Replacing Ballasts with Non-Biodegradable MaterialIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aimed to manufacture an artificial aggregate from non-biodegradable materials like plastic, lime, and steel particles to replace conventional ballast used in railway tracks. The researchers created the artificial aggregate by melting plastic at high temperatures, mixing it with lime for binding properties, and adding steel particles for strength and density. They tested the artificial aggregate against conventional ballast and found it met requirements for water absorption, sieve analysis, impact value, and abrasion value. The researchers concluded the artificial aggregate is a cheaper and eco-friendly alternative that can reduce plastic waste while matching the performance of natural ballast. It has the potential to partially replace conventional ballast in railway tracks.
IRJET - Study of Material Characteristics for Efficient Design of Spray P...IRJET Journal
This document discusses material selection for spray painting robots. It begins by introducing spray painting robots and their advantages over human workers in hazardous painting environments. Material selection is important for spray painting robots, as they must operate efficiently in harsh conditions while maintaining stability. Aluminum alloys like 7075 are well-suited for robot arms due to their strength, light weight, and speed. Structural steel grades are suitable for robot bases given their high rigidity and strength. The document analyzes properties required for spray painting robot materials and concludes that aluminum alloy 7075 and structural steel are good options for arms and bases, respectively, to achieve efficient, stable robot performance.
IRJET- Waste Glass Powder as a Partial Replacement of Cement for Sustainable ...IRJET Journal
This study examines the use of waste glass powder as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. The researchers created concrete mixtures with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% replacement of cement with waste glass powder. They found that compressive strength increased up to 10% replacement at 7 days but decreased beyond 10% replacement. At 28 days, compressive strength increased up to 20% replacement but decreased beyond 20%. The study concludes that waste glass powder can partially replace cement in concrete production, which provides an environmentally-friendly use for waste glass.
IRJET- Partial Utilization of Waste Glass and Waste Paper Sludge in Cement Co...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that investigated utilizing waste glass powder and waste paper sludge ash as partial replacements for fine aggregates and cement in concrete. Concrete cubes and cylinders were cast with varying replacement levels of 0-35% glass and 0-15% ash. The specimens were tested after 7, 14, and 28 days of curing to determine their compressive strength, split tensile strength, and water absorption properties. The results showed that concrete made with partial replacements of up to 35% glass and 5% ash achieved comparable or higher strengths than the control concrete. This research demonstrates the potential of using waste materials to produce more sustainable "green" concrete.
The document summarizes growth opportunities in the global composites industry from 2012 to 2017. It finds that the global composite materials industry reached $19.6 billion in 2011 and is expected to reach $29.9 billion by 2017, representing a compound annual growth rate of around 7%. Key growth drivers include increasing demand from industries like automotive, aerospace, and wind energy. The automotive composites market in particular is forecast to grow from $2.8 billion to $4.3 billion over this period, driven by interest from automakers in using carbon fiber to reduce vehicle weight.
IRJET- To Study the Impact of Crumb Rubber on Young’s Modulus of ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document studies the impact of adding crumb rubber to concrete as a replacement for fine aggregates. Concrete cubes were created with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement of fine aggregates with crumb rubber. Compressive strength and Young's modulus were tested on the cubes at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results showed that compressive strength and Young's modulus decreased as rubber content increased. The 10% replacement mixture at 28 days provided sufficient strength while reducing waste rubber. In conclusion, crumb rubber can replace up to 10% of fine aggregates to utilize waste tires while providing concrete with some compressive strength and toughness.
IRJET- Waste Minimisation for Highway ConstructionIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using construction and demolition waste and tiles waste to replace 50% of aggregate materials used in highway construction. Key findings from testing include:
1) Physical property test results on samples with 50% replacement of aggregate with waste materials showed results similar to 100% aggregate samples and within acceptable standards.
2) Using waste materials can help reduce the need for natural aggregates by 50% while addressing waste disposal problems.
3) Replacing 50% of aggregate with a combination of 25% construction waste and 25% tiles waste is a viable and effective approach for road construction based on testing results.
IRJET- Improvement in Strength of Soil by Adding Stone Dust and Plastic W...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated using waste stone dust and plastic as soil stabilizers. Two soil samples were tested with varying percentages of additives. Direct shear tests and unconfined compression tests were performed to evaluate the effects on shear strength and unconfined compressive strength. The results showed that both cohesion and friction angle increased with higher additive contents for both soil samples. However, the increases in shear strength were more substantial for the second soil sample. In general, the study found that using waste stone dust and plastic as additives can improve the engineering properties of soils and provide an environmentally-friendly way of reusing solid wastes.
IRJET-Replacing Ballasts with Non-Biodegradable MaterialIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aimed to manufacture an artificial aggregate from non-biodegradable materials like plastic, lime, and steel particles to replace conventional ballast used in railway tracks. The researchers created the artificial aggregate by melting plastic at high temperatures, mixing it with lime for binding properties, and adding steel particles for strength and density. They tested the artificial aggregate against conventional ballast and found it met requirements for water absorption, sieve analysis, impact value, and abrasion value. The researchers concluded the artificial aggregate is a cheaper and eco-friendly alternative that can reduce plastic waste while matching the performance of natural ballast. It has the potential to partially replace conventional ballast in railway tracks.
IRJET - Study of Material Characteristics for Efficient Design of Spray P...IRJET Journal
This document discusses material selection for spray painting robots. It begins by introducing spray painting robots and their advantages over human workers in hazardous painting environments. Material selection is important for spray painting robots, as they must operate efficiently in harsh conditions while maintaining stability. Aluminum alloys like 7075 are well-suited for robot arms due to their strength, light weight, and speed. Structural steel grades are suitable for robot bases given their high rigidity and strength. The document analyzes properties required for spray painting robot materials and concludes that aluminum alloy 7075 and structural steel are good options for arms and bases, respectively, to achieve efficient, stable robot performance.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Concrete with FibreIRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study of the compressive strength of normal concrete and fiber reinforced concrete. Concrete cubes of M20 grade were prepared, one with fiber reinforcement. The cubes were cured for 28 days then tested for compressive strength. The fiber reinforced concrete cube was found to have a compressive strength of 23.08 N/mm2, higher than the 20.76 N/mm2 strength of the normal concrete cube. The study thus concludes that fiber reinforced concrete exhibits greater compressive strength than normal concrete due to the addition of fibers.
This document provides an overview of Piping System Limited (PSL), a leading manufacturer of high-strength alloy welded pipes. PSL has key competitive strengths including being an early adopter of high-tensile steel alloy welded pipe technology in India. It offers end-to-end pipeline solutions through its 11 pipe manufacturing plants across India and the UAE. While PSL started as a pipe coating company, it has since diversified into pipe manufacturing with a current high-strength alloy welded pipe capacity of 1.175 million metric tons per annum. The document discusses PSL's financial performance, key clients and management team, and provides an outlook for the growing global steel pipe market driven by increasing oil and gas
This document provides an overview of Piping System Limited (PSL), a leading manufacturer of high-strength alloy welded pipes. PSL has key competitive strengths including being an early adopter of high-tensile steel alloy welded pipe technology in India. It offers end-to-end pipeline solutions and has strong project execution capabilities. The document discusses PSL's financial performance, markets, competitors and growth drivers in the domestic and global pipe manufacturing industry. PSL aims to leverage opportunities from increasing oil and gas exploration and production activities globally to drive its business growth.
IRJET- Deburring Methods for Elimination of Chips in the Internal Tubes of Fr...IRJET Journal
The document discusses deburring methods for eliminating chips in the internal tubes of front forks. It aims to develop new techniques to prevent chip formation during machining and modify existing machining processes to optimize cycle times. Currently, additional deburring operations are needed but can damage parts. The authors propose using the coolant pump and adding flushing jets and programs to the CNC machines to clear burrs internally without extra steps. This would increase production from 21,150 to 24,000 parts per month while eliminating labor for deburring. The solutions aim to improve quality, productivity and safety while reducing costs.
IRJET- Study on Cellular Lightweight Concrete with Crushed Coconut shellsIRJET Journal
The document studies using crushed coconut shells to partially replace fine aggregate in cellular lightweight concrete (CLC) in order to increase its compressive strength. CLC is commonly used but has low compressive strength compared to conventional concrete. Previous research found crushed coconut shells can significantly increase the strength of normal concrete. The study produced CLC cubes with 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% fine aggregate replaced by crushed coconut shells. After 28 days of curing, the 20% replacement cubes achieved the highest compressive strength of 8.44 MPa, showing potential to improve CLC strength through coconut shell addition.
IRJET- Dynamic Behavioral Analysis of Various Material Coated Cutting ToolIRJET Journal
This document discusses research into analyzing the dynamic behavior of cutting tools with various coatings when machining martensitic stainless steel. Uncoated tungsten carbide tools were compared to those coated with titanium and cubic boron nitride. Tool life tests were conducted experimentally to determine which coating provided better tool life and surface finish. Finite element modeling was also used to analyze the dynamic behavior and vibration characteristics of the coated and uncoated tools. The results showed that the titanium and cubic boron nitride coated tools exhibited longer tool life and produced a finer surface finish compared to the uncoated tools. Modal, harmonic, and transient dynamic analyses of the tools found that the coated tools also had better dynamic stability than the uncoated tools.
This document outlines standards for solid waste landfill requirements in Saudi Aramco. It defines different types of landfills and waste classifications. The key points are:
- It provides standards for designing, operating, and closing Class II and III landfill sites for non-hazardous solid waste.
- Landfill design methods include area, depression, progressive slope, and trench methods to prevent waste contact with water.
- Site selection requires a study of hydrology, topography, geology, and proximity to infrastructure before construction.
- Waste must be assessed for recycling prior to disposal. Landfills must have operating plans approved by the Environmental Protection Department.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Egg Shell Powder as Partial Replacem...IRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental investigation on the use of copper slag and egg shell powder as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregate in concrete. Various strength tests were conducted on M20 and M25 grade concrete with different proportions of copper slag and egg shell powder replacements. The results showed that concrete with 10% copper slag and 10% egg shell powder replacements achieved higher 28-day compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths compared to normal concrete for both M20 and M25 grades. The study aims to improve the properties of concrete while reducing its environmental impact.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Alternate Forms of Concrete by Replacing Bric...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study comparing different forms of concrete made by partially replacing traditional aggregates with recycled materials. Brick bats, crushed clay tiles were used to replace up to 40% of coarse aggregate. Lead slag, an industrial byproduct, was used to replace up to 60% of fine aggregate. Cubes were cast and tested at 7, 14, and 28 days to determine compressive strength. Results showed concrete with 30% replacement of coarse aggregate and 30% replacement of fine aggregate achieved near equivalent compressive strengths as traditional concrete. Using these recycled materials provides an economical and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional concrete mixes.
IRJET- Mix Design Steps for Self-Compacting ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document outlines the steps for designing a self-compacting concrete mix, which differs from normal concrete mix design. It provides an example of designing Mix M3, which includes 70% ordinary Portland cement, 20% fly ash, and 10% rice husk ash. The design process involves calculating materials like coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, paste composition based on guidelines. Mix M3 specifications are provided that show the required quantities of cement, fly ash, rice husk ash, water, aggregates, and superplasticizer to achieve self-compacting properties. In conclusion, self-compacting concrete produces benefits over normal concrete like reducing labor, accelerating projects, and achieving better strength and durability, but requires proper mix proportioning
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Solar Water Desalination by using Parabo...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and testing of a solar water desalination system using a parabolic trough method. The system aims to provide clean water in areas affected by water shortage. It analyzes parameters that affect the system's efficiency like trough shape and materials. Testing shows the system produces up to 2.1 liters of water per hour with a TDS of 180-230 ppm. The portable nature of this system makes it suitable for household use and future work could reduce costs and improve efficiency.
IRJET - Experimental Investigation on Strength Properties of Geopolymer Concr...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the strength properties of geopolymer concrete using foundry sand. Geopolymer concrete was produced by replacing the conventional Portland cement paste with an alkali-activated geopolymer paste, while keeping the aggregate system the same. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) was used as the primary binder material. Bagasse ash was used to partially replace the GGBS. Foundry sand was used to replace fine aggregates. The compressive and split tensile strengths of mixes with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% bagasse ash replacement were tested at 7 and 28 days of ambient curing and decreased as the bagasse ash content increased. X-ray diffraction analysis showed
IRJET- Investigation on Behaviour of MSW Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document investigates the behavior of municipal solid waste (MSW) geopolymer concrete. MSW ash was used to replace fly ash in geopolymer concrete at levels of 20% and 30% of the total binder content. Various tests were conducted on the concrete mixtures to determine strengths. The 7 and 28-day compressive strengths increased with 20% MSW ash replacement but decreased with 30% replacement compared to the control geopolymer concrete without ash. Flexural and split tensile strengths followed a similar trend. The study demonstrates that MSW ash can partially replace fly ash in producing geopolymer concrete and help reduce landfill waste while maintaining adequate concrete strengths.
IRJET- Investigation on Behaviour of MSW Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of municipal solid waste ash as a partial replacement for fly ash in geopolymer concrete. The researchers created geopolymer concrete mixtures with 0%, 20%, and 30% replacement of fly ash with municipal solid waste ash. The concrete was cured and tested after 7 and 28 days to evaluate its compressive strength. Results showed that compressive strength decreased slightly with higher levels of fly ash replacement, but even the 30% replacement mixture exceeded the target compressive strength of M30 concrete. This indicates municipal solid waste ash has potential as a supplemental cementitious material for more sustainable geopolymer concrete production.
IRJET- Analysis of Effect of Use of Rap in Bituminous ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document analyzes the effect of using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in bituminous concrete. Laboratory tests were conducted on RAP samples collected from roads to evaluate properties like grading, residual binder content, and age. Bituminous mix samples were prepared with 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% RAP using the Marshall method. Test results showed that mixes with 35% RAP performed similarly to virgin mixes and was the optimal percentage, reducing costs by 50% compared to using only fresh materials.
The document discusses the design and development of a semi-automated circular welding machine to increase welding accuracy and productivity while reducing costs and labor. Key aspects addressed include selecting appropriate gears, motors, and frames to enable stable linear and angular motion of the welding torch. The experimental setup and application of the circular welding machine is also outlined.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of Dunite as CementIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on partially replacing dunite as cement in concrete. Dunite is an igneous rock composed primarily of olivine. The study tested replacing cement with dunite powder at percentages of 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%. Tests were conducted to determine the workability and compressive strength of the concrete mixtures at curing ages of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that replacing up to 40% of cement with dunite powder improved the compressive strength of hardened concrete compared to normal concrete. The dunite powder provided strength enhancement and was found to be more economical than cement alone. Therefore, partially replacing cement with dunite powder has the potential to produce durable and high
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of Dunite as CementIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on partially replacing dunite as cement in concrete. Dunite is an igneous rock composed primarily of olivine. The study tested replacing cement with dunite powder at percentages of 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%. Tests were conducted to determine the workability and compressive strength of the concrete mixtures at curing ages of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that replacing up to 40% of cement with dunite powder improved the compressive strength of hardened concrete compared to normal concrete. The dunite powder provided strength enhancement and was found to be more economical than cement alone. Therefore, partially replacing cement with dunite powder has the potential to produce durable and high
IRJET- Productivity and Production Increase by Optimum Utilization of Mac...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on improving productivity and production rates at a lead recycling plant through optimal utilization of machines and manpower. It discusses key factors that impact productivity such as leadership, strategic planning, trained employees, data/information, and process reporting. The paper examines the lead recycling process, applications of lead, and the methodology used at a recycling plant in India. It analyzes data on battery components and pollution control systems, finding that modifying equipment like the cooling tower can improve lead collection rates. Overall, the paper aims to identify ways to enhance productivity and output at the lead recycling facility.
IRJET- Comparative Experimental Study Between RCC, Bituminous Mix and Mod...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a comparative experimental study between reinforced concrete cement (RCC), bituminous mix, and modified bituminous mix for road construction materials in India. Samples of each material were tested for properties like stability, binding strength, and elasticity. For the bituminous mixes, aggregate properties, bitumen properties, and Marshall stability test results are presented for traditional bituminous mix as well as mixes modified with two sizes of recycled tire crumb rubber at different proportions. The modified mixes showed improvements in properties like stability and strength compared to the traditional mix. The study aims to evaluate using recycled tire rubber to modify bituminous mixes as a more sustainable road construction material.
IRJET- Strength Study of Mortar with Partial Replacement of Cement with Micro...IRJET Journal
This document studies the effect of replacing cement with microsilica in cement mortar. Mortar cubes were produced with 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% microsilica replacement by weight of cement. The fresh and hardened properties were evaluated. The results showed that as microsilica replacement increased, consistency and setting time increased while flow decreased. Compressive strength was found to increase up to 9% replacement at all ages tested. Microsilica replacement thus leads to more sustainable cementitious materials.
IRJET- Recycling of Waste Glass as Partial Replacement of Sand in Concrete - ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated replacing fine aggregates in concrete with waste glass powder at various percentages by weight. Concrete mixtures were designed to achieve a target compressive strength of 31.5 MPa. Fine aggregates were replaced with 5%, 10%, 12%, and 20% waste glass powder. Specimens were tested for workability via slump and compaction factor tests and compressive strength at 7 and 28 days. Results showed acceptable workability and higher compressive strengths up to 10% glass replacement compared to normal concrete. The study concluded waste glass can partially replace fine aggregates up to 10% by weight.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Concrete with FibreIRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study of the compressive strength of normal concrete and fiber reinforced concrete. Concrete cubes of M20 grade were prepared, one with fiber reinforcement. The cubes were cured for 28 days then tested for compressive strength. The fiber reinforced concrete cube was found to have a compressive strength of 23.08 N/mm2, higher than the 20.76 N/mm2 strength of the normal concrete cube. The study thus concludes that fiber reinforced concrete exhibits greater compressive strength than normal concrete due to the addition of fibers.
This document provides an overview of Piping System Limited (PSL), a leading manufacturer of high-strength alloy welded pipes. PSL has key competitive strengths including being an early adopter of high-tensile steel alloy welded pipe technology in India. It offers end-to-end pipeline solutions through its 11 pipe manufacturing plants across India and the UAE. While PSL started as a pipe coating company, it has since diversified into pipe manufacturing with a current high-strength alloy welded pipe capacity of 1.175 million metric tons per annum. The document discusses PSL's financial performance, key clients and management team, and provides an outlook for the growing global steel pipe market driven by increasing oil and gas
This document provides an overview of Piping System Limited (PSL), a leading manufacturer of high-strength alloy welded pipes. PSL has key competitive strengths including being an early adopter of high-tensile steel alloy welded pipe technology in India. It offers end-to-end pipeline solutions and has strong project execution capabilities. The document discusses PSL's financial performance, markets, competitors and growth drivers in the domestic and global pipe manufacturing industry. PSL aims to leverage opportunities from increasing oil and gas exploration and production activities globally to drive its business growth.
IRJET- Deburring Methods for Elimination of Chips in the Internal Tubes of Fr...IRJET Journal
The document discusses deburring methods for eliminating chips in the internal tubes of front forks. It aims to develop new techniques to prevent chip formation during machining and modify existing machining processes to optimize cycle times. Currently, additional deburring operations are needed but can damage parts. The authors propose using the coolant pump and adding flushing jets and programs to the CNC machines to clear burrs internally without extra steps. This would increase production from 21,150 to 24,000 parts per month while eliminating labor for deburring. The solutions aim to improve quality, productivity and safety while reducing costs.
IRJET- Study on Cellular Lightweight Concrete with Crushed Coconut shellsIRJET Journal
The document studies using crushed coconut shells to partially replace fine aggregate in cellular lightweight concrete (CLC) in order to increase its compressive strength. CLC is commonly used but has low compressive strength compared to conventional concrete. Previous research found crushed coconut shells can significantly increase the strength of normal concrete. The study produced CLC cubes with 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% fine aggregate replaced by crushed coconut shells. After 28 days of curing, the 20% replacement cubes achieved the highest compressive strength of 8.44 MPa, showing potential to improve CLC strength through coconut shell addition.
IRJET- Dynamic Behavioral Analysis of Various Material Coated Cutting ToolIRJET Journal
This document discusses research into analyzing the dynamic behavior of cutting tools with various coatings when machining martensitic stainless steel. Uncoated tungsten carbide tools were compared to those coated with titanium and cubic boron nitride. Tool life tests were conducted experimentally to determine which coating provided better tool life and surface finish. Finite element modeling was also used to analyze the dynamic behavior and vibration characteristics of the coated and uncoated tools. The results showed that the titanium and cubic boron nitride coated tools exhibited longer tool life and produced a finer surface finish compared to the uncoated tools. Modal, harmonic, and transient dynamic analyses of the tools found that the coated tools also had better dynamic stability than the uncoated tools.
This document outlines standards for solid waste landfill requirements in Saudi Aramco. It defines different types of landfills and waste classifications. The key points are:
- It provides standards for designing, operating, and closing Class II and III landfill sites for non-hazardous solid waste.
- Landfill design methods include area, depression, progressive slope, and trench methods to prevent waste contact with water.
- Site selection requires a study of hydrology, topography, geology, and proximity to infrastructure before construction.
- Waste must be assessed for recycling prior to disposal. Landfills must have operating plans approved by the Environmental Protection Department.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Egg Shell Powder as Partial Replacem...IRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental investigation on the use of copper slag and egg shell powder as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregate in concrete. Various strength tests were conducted on M20 and M25 grade concrete with different proportions of copper slag and egg shell powder replacements. The results showed that concrete with 10% copper slag and 10% egg shell powder replacements achieved higher 28-day compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths compared to normal concrete for both M20 and M25 grades. The study aims to improve the properties of concrete while reducing its environmental impact.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Alternate Forms of Concrete by Replacing Bric...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study comparing different forms of concrete made by partially replacing traditional aggregates with recycled materials. Brick bats, crushed clay tiles were used to replace up to 40% of coarse aggregate. Lead slag, an industrial byproduct, was used to replace up to 60% of fine aggregate. Cubes were cast and tested at 7, 14, and 28 days to determine compressive strength. Results showed concrete with 30% replacement of coarse aggregate and 30% replacement of fine aggregate achieved near equivalent compressive strengths as traditional concrete. Using these recycled materials provides an economical and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional concrete mixes.
IRJET- Mix Design Steps for Self-Compacting ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document outlines the steps for designing a self-compacting concrete mix, which differs from normal concrete mix design. It provides an example of designing Mix M3, which includes 70% ordinary Portland cement, 20% fly ash, and 10% rice husk ash. The design process involves calculating materials like coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, paste composition based on guidelines. Mix M3 specifications are provided that show the required quantities of cement, fly ash, rice husk ash, water, aggregates, and superplasticizer to achieve self-compacting properties. In conclusion, self-compacting concrete produces benefits over normal concrete like reducing labor, accelerating projects, and achieving better strength and durability, but requires proper mix proportioning
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Solar Water Desalination by using Parabo...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and testing of a solar water desalination system using a parabolic trough method. The system aims to provide clean water in areas affected by water shortage. It analyzes parameters that affect the system's efficiency like trough shape and materials. Testing shows the system produces up to 2.1 liters of water per hour with a TDS of 180-230 ppm. The portable nature of this system makes it suitable for household use and future work could reduce costs and improve efficiency.
IRJET - Experimental Investigation on Strength Properties of Geopolymer Concr...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the strength properties of geopolymer concrete using foundry sand. Geopolymer concrete was produced by replacing the conventional Portland cement paste with an alkali-activated geopolymer paste, while keeping the aggregate system the same. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) was used as the primary binder material. Bagasse ash was used to partially replace the GGBS. Foundry sand was used to replace fine aggregates. The compressive and split tensile strengths of mixes with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% bagasse ash replacement were tested at 7 and 28 days of ambient curing and decreased as the bagasse ash content increased. X-ray diffraction analysis showed
IRJET- Investigation on Behaviour of MSW Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document investigates the behavior of municipal solid waste (MSW) geopolymer concrete. MSW ash was used to replace fly ash in geopolymer concrete at levels of 20% and 30% of the total binder content. Various tests were conducted on the concrete mixtures to determine strengths. The 7 and 28-day compressive strengths increased with 20% MSW ash replacement but decreased with 30% replacement compared to the control geopolymer concrete without ash. Flexural and split tensile strengths followed a similar trend. The study demonstrates that MSW ash can partially replace fly ash in producing geopolymer concrete and help reduce landfill waste while maintaining adequate concrete strengths.
IRJET- Investigation on Behaviour of MSW Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of municipal solid waste ash as a partial replacement for fly ash in geopolymer concrete. The researchers created geopolymer concrete mixtures with 0%, 20%, and 30% replacement of fly ash with municipal solid waste ash. The concrete was cured and tested after 7 and 28 days to evaluate its compressive strength. Results showed that compressive strength decreased slightly with higher levels of fly ash replacement, but even the 30% replacement mixture exceeded the target compressive strength of M30 concrete. This indicates municipal solid waste ash has potential as a supplemental cementitious material for more sustainable geopolymer concrete production.
IRJET- Analysis of Effect of Use of Rap in Bituminous ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document analyzes the effect of using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in bituminous concrete. Laboratory tests were conducted on RAP samples collected from roads to evaluate properties like grading, residual binder content, and age. Bituminous mix samples were prepared with 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% RAP using the Marshall method. Test results showed that mixes with 35% RAP performed similarly to virgin mixes and was the optimal percentage, reducing costs by 50% compared to using only fresh materials.
The document discusses the design and development of a semi-automated circular welding machine to increase welding accuracy and productivity while reducing costs and labor. Key aspects addressed include selecting appropriate gears, motors, and frames to enable stable linear and angular motion of the welding torch. The experimental setup and application of the circular welding machine is also outlined.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of Dunite as CementIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on partially replacing dunite as cement in concrete. Dunite is an igneous rock composed primarily of olivine. The study tested replacing cement with dunite powder at percentages of 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%. Tests were conducted to determine the workability and compressive strength of the concrete mixtures at curing ages of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that replacing up to 40% of cement with dunite powder improved the compressive strength of hardened concrete compared to normal concrete. The dunite powder provided strength enhancement and was found to be more economical than cement alone. Therefore, partially replacing cement with dunite powder has the potential to produce durable and high
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of Dunite as CementIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on partially replacing dunite as cement in concrete. Dunite is an igneous rock composed primarily of olivine. The study tested replacing cement with dunite powder at percentages of 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%. Tests were conducted to determine the workability and compressive strength of the concrete mixtures at curing ages of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that replacing up to 40% of cement with dunite powder improved the compressive strength of hardened concrete compared to normal concrete. The dunite powder provided strength enhancement and was found to be more economical than cement alone. Therefore, partially replacing cement with dunite powder has the potential to produce durable and high
IRJET- Productivity and Production Increase by Optimum Utilization of Mac...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on improving productivity and production rates at a lead recycling plant through optimal utilization of machines and manpower. It discusses key factors that impact productivity such as leadership, strategic planning, trained employees, data/information, and process reporting. The paper examines the lead recycling process, applications of lead, and the methodology used at a recycling plant in India. It analyzes data on battery components and pollution control systems, finding that modifying equipment like the cooling tower can improve lead collection rates. Overall, the paper aims to identify ways to enhance productivity and output at the lead recycling facility.
IRJET- Comparative Experimental Study Between RCC, Bituminous Mix and Mod...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a comparative experimental study between reinforced concrete cement (RCC), bituminous mix, and modified bituminous mix for road construction materials in India. Samples of each material were tested for properties like stability, binding strength, and elasticity. For the bituminous mixes, aggregate properties, bitumen properties, and Marshall stability test results are presented for traditional bituminous mix as well as mixes modified with two sizes of recycled tire crumb rubber at different proportions. The modified mixes showed improvements in properties like stability and strength compared to the traditional mix. The study aims to evaluate using recycled tire rubber to modify bituminous mixes as a more sustainable road construction material.
IRJET- Strength Study of Mortar with Partial Replacement of Cement with Micro...IRJET Journal
This document studies the effect of replacing cement with microsilica in cement mortar. Mortar cubes were produced with 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% microsilica replacement by weight of cement. The fresh and hardened properties were evaluated. The results showed that as microsilica replacement increased, consistency and setting time increased while flow decreased. Compressive strength was found to increase up to 9% replacement at all ages tested. Microsilica replacement thus leads to more sustainable cementitious materials.
IRJET- Recycling of Waste Glass as Partial Replacement of Sand in Concrete - ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated replacing fine aggregates in concrete with waste glass powder at various percentages by weight. Concrete mixtures were designed to achieve a target compressive strength of 31.5 MPa. Fine aggregates were replaced with 5%, 10%, 12%, and 20% waste glass powder. Specimens were tested for workability via slump and compaction factor tests and compressive strength at 7 and 28 days. Results showed acceptable workability and higher compressive strengths up to 10% glass replacement compared to normal concrete. The study concluded waste glass can partially replace fine aggregates up to 10% by weight.
Enhancement in properties of concrete by Silica fumes.IRJET Journal
The document discusses the enhancement of concrete properties through the addition of silica fumes. It finds that replacing a portion of cement with silica fumes improves several qualities of hardened concrete including increased compressive strength, reduced permeability and alkali-aggregate reaction, and improved resistance to sulfate attack and sea water. The document outlines the methodology used to test concrete cubes containing silica fumes, finding improvements to compressive strength when 5-15% of cement is replaced. It concludes that silica fumes provide benefits when used in higher grade concretes and allow achieving ultra-high strengths while using less than 450kg of cement per cubic meter.
GREEN CONCRETE BY USING INDUSTRIAL WASTE MATERIAL- FLY ASH AND MARBLE DUSTIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using industrial waste materials like fly ash and marble dust to create green concrete. Marble dust is a byproduct of marble cutting and polishing that can cause environmental issues if not properly disposed of. The study mixes marble dust into concrete as a replacement for cement and finds that up to 20% replacement does not significantly reduce the concrete's compressive or tensile strengths. Using these industrial wastes to replace portions of cement allows for more sustainable and economical concrete production while addressing waste disposal issues. The document provides details on the materials used, mixing and testing methods, and results which showed the waste-containing concretes performed comparably to traditional concrete.
IRJET - Improving Engineering Properties of Marine Clay using Tyre ChipsIRJET Journal
This study assessed the impact of adding waste tire chips to marine clay soil at different proportions. Laboratory tests were conducted on the clay soil without additives and with tire chip additives ranging from 0-10% by weight. The tests measured properties like consolidation, compaction, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The CBR increased from 1.18 for untreated clay to a maximum of 2.95 when 5% tire chips were added at the optimum moisture content of 18.5%. Overall, the results showed that the addition of tire chips can improve the engineering properties of marine clay soil by increasing its strength and bearing capacity.
Development of Demolished Concrete Mix Using Pre-Coating TechniqueIRJET Journal
This document presents research on developing demolished concrete mix using a pre-coating technique. The study aims to effectively utilize recycled concrete aggregate in rigid pavement slabs by replacing natural coarse aggregate with different percentage levels of recycled concrete aggregate that has undergone surface treatments to reduce water absorption. Concrete mixes with 0%, 25%, 30%, 40%, and 100% replacement of recycled aggregates will be tested to evaluate properties relevant for pavement quality concrete and determine the optimum usage of recycled concrete aggregates. The results of compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength tests on the different mixes will be analyzed.
An Experimental Investigation on Strength Characteristics 0f the Concrete usi...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on the strength characteristics of concrete using geopolymer. It examines concrete cubes made with different geopolymer mix designs and curing conditions. The key findings from the two phases of testing are:
Phase 1 compared concretes made with 100% fly ash, 50% fly ash-50% GGBS, and 100% GGBS as cement replacements. The 100% GGBS concrete achieved the highest strength.
Phase 2 varied the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution used in the geopolymer from 6M to 14M, with the 100% GGBS concrete from Phase 1. Compressive strength results showed strength increased with higher molar
Similar to IRJET- Experimental Study of Bagasse Ash as a Cement Replacing Material (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network