Development of Demolished Concrete Mix Using Pre-Coating Technique

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 01 | Jan 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1124
Development of Demolished Concrete Mix Using Pre-Coating
Technique
Ambuj Prakash1, Prof. Anwar Alam2, Prof. Rohit Kumar3
1Student, M-Tech. in Structural Engineering, Jharkhand University of Technology, Ranchi, INDIA
2Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, CIT Ranchi, INDIA
3Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, CIT Ranchi, INDIA
---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract : To get great quality substantial utilizing reused total it is important to follow the base prerequisites characterized by
the particular Building Standards. Acceptable properties of totals are a natural baseforsubstantial quality;butsatisfactoryblend
extents and substantial creation strategies are profoundly significant in substantial quality as well. Reused totals made out of
unique totals and followed mortar. The actual properties of reused totals rely upon both followed mortar quality and how much
followed mortar.
The followed mortar is a permeable material; its porosity relies on the w/c proportion of the reused concrete utilized. At thepoint
when designs made of cement are crushed or remodeled, substantial reusing isanundeniablynormalstrategyfor using therubble.
Concrete was once regularly shipped to landfills for removal, yet reusing has various advantages that have made it a more
appealing choice in this period of more prominent ecological mindfulness and the longing to keep development costs down.
A prudent utilization of assets, which addresses the method for changing over a side-effect into an asset alongside climate
advantages like energy utilizations, emanations and aftermath decreases, is practical street advancement. RCA can be utilized in
the surface, base and sub-base material in the development of asphalts.
In the current review, effective utilization of recycled concrete aggregate in rigid pavement slab will be studied. Natural coarse
aggregate replaced with differentpercentage levels of recycled concrete aggregate. Surface treatments on RCA will be done to
reduce the water absorption. Fresh concreteandhardened concrete propertiesrelavanttopavementqualityconcretewillbetested
and evaluated to determine the optimum usage of recycled concrete aggregates.
1.INTRODUCTION
The substantial business makes up roughly 30% of the absolute market for totals and it is assessed that 165 million tones are
utilized every year in concrete. There is, in this manner, extensive motivation to foster elective total sources in light of waste
materials. The total items as of now coming from most total reusing plants are unbound fills, covering, sub-base and line
bedding as the reused substantial total (RCA) or RAC is mixed with differentmaterialsandishenceunsatisfactoryforprepared
blended cement. There have been a few site preliminarieswithRCAprovidedinpreparedblendedcement,however these were
not standard choices. Channel emerging, containing stone, concrete, block, black-top and earth, are delivered by utilities
organizations, which can then be joined into a low strength concrete creating a practical channel fill material. Frothed
substantial utilizing the <4mm fines from RCA is additionally utilized in channel restoration and there is potential to utilize
incinerator base debris total in frothed concrete also. The substantial standard BS 8500 has worked on the potential for
utilization of reused totals in concrete as BS EN 12620, Aggregates for concrete. It is normal that there will be an expansionin
the utilization of reused totals for concrete in the following not many years, yet at present it isn't broadly accessible.
Figure: 3R’s concepts of construction

1.1 Worldwide Status of RCA
The broad exploration on reused substantial total and reused total cement (RAC) as begun from year 1945 in different area of
the planet after Second World War, yet in a divided way. First exertion has been made by Nixon in 1977 who agreed basically
everything on reused total completed between 1945-1977 and arranged a cutting-edge report on it for RILEM specialized
advisory group 37-DRC. Nixon presumed that various analysts have inspected the essential properties of cement wherein the
total is the result of devastating another substantial, where other focused on old lab examples. Inanycase,anextensivecutting
edge record on the reused total cement has been introduced by Hansenandothersin1992inwhichpoint bypointexamination
of information has been made, driving towards arrangement of rules for creation and use of reused total cement. Eg.USA is
using around 2.7 billion tons of total yearly out of which 40% is used in street works.
Figure: concrete products by pre-coating with recycled aggregates.
1.2 INDIAN STATUS
Fast infrastructural advancement such thruways, air terminals and so on and developing interest for lodging has prompted
shortage and ascend in cost of development materials. The greater part of waste materials created by annihilated designs
arranged off by unloading them as land fill. Unloading of squanders ashore is causing lack of unloading place in metropolitan
regions. Accordingly, it is important to begin reusing and onceagainutilizationofdestructionsubstantial wasteto saveclimate,
cost and energy.
Focal Pollution Control Board has assessed current quantum ofstrongwasteageinIndia tothetuneof48milliontonsforevery
annum out of which, squander from development industry just recordsforover25%. Theboardofsuchhighquantumofwaste
comes down on strong waste administration framework.
Considering critical job of reused development material and innovationintheadvancementofmetropolitanfoundation,TIFAC
has led a techno-market overview on 'Usage of Waste from Construction Industry' focusing on lodging/building and street
fragment. The all out quantum of waste from development industry isassessedtobe12to14.7milliontonsfor eachannumout
of which 7-8 million tons are concrete and block squander. As per discoveries of study, 70% of the respondent have given the
justification for not taking on reusing of waste from Construction Industry is "Not mindful of the reusing procedures" while
staying 30% have demonstrated that they are not even mindful of reusing potential outcomes. Further, the client
organizations/enterprises called attention to that as of now, the BIS and other codal arrangements don't give the details to
utilization of reused item in the development exercises.
Understanding the future and public significance of reused total cement in development, SERC, Ghaziabadhadtakenupa pilot
R&D project on Recycling and Reuse of Demolition andConstructionWastesinConcreteforLowRiseandLowCost Buildingsin
mid-nineties determined to foster procedures/philosophies for utilize reused total cement in development. The test
examinations were done in Mat Science research center and Institutes around Delhi/GBD to assess the mechanical properties
and solidness boundaries of reused total cement made with reused coarse total gathered from various sources. Likewise, the
appropriateness in development of structures has been considered.

2. Material & Methodology
Cement
In this review Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of grade 53 having a place with ultratech is utilized. The concrete
utilized is new and with next to no knots. The normal Portland Cement adjusting to IS code 8112 (1989) is adopted for
the creation of test examples.
Fine Aggregate
Produced sand is utilized as fine total. The particular gravity and fineness modulus were viewed as cutoff points and
affirming to ZONE II. The properties are tried according to IS 2386: (1963).
Properties of Fine Aggregate
PROPERTIES OBTAINEDVALUE IS CODE LIMITS 2386:(1963)
Specific gravity 2.62
5
2.6-2.85
Fineness modulus 2.76 2.0-4.0
Water absorption 8% <3%
Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregate.
S.N O IS SIEVE
(mm)
WT.RETAINED(GM) %
REATAINED
CUMULATIVE
%PASSING
% PASSING
1 10 0 0 0 100
2 4.75 0 0 0 100
3 2.36 150 30 30 70
4 1.18 254 50.8 80.89 19.
5 600 56 11.21 92 8
6 300 22 4.4 96.4 3.6
7 150 12 2.4 98.7 1.21
8 75 1.5 0.3 99.1 0.89
9 PAN 1.0

Coarse aggregate
In this experiment two different types of coarse aggregates have been used
a) Natural coarse totals (NCA): The coarse total utilized in the current review were a combination of two locally
accessible squashed stones of 20mm and 10mm sizes. The totals were washed to eliminatesoil,residueandafterwarddriedto
surface dry condition.
b) Recycled coarse total (RCA):The life of RCC destroy material is 20 years. Reused total of 20mm most extreme size
adjusting to IS 383: (1979) are utilized. The destruction material was first squashed with drill and afterward squashed into
20mm size with the assistance of a Jaw Crusher. It was gathered of obliterated RCC working from Ranchi.
Tests on Coarse Aggregate
The main objectives of the investigations carried out in the recycled aggregates. An introduction on Rigid Pavements,
construction wastes and current status on disposal system and related environmental issues, are explained here.
Specific gravity and water absorption test
SieveAnalysis
Aggregate crushingvalue
Impact test
Flakinessindex
ElongationIndex
Water
Drinking Water according to BIS details (IS 10500-1991) is utilized for blending and relieving.
Figure: processing of RCA
PHILOSPHY
Mixing materials of concrete i.e. cement, sand and aggregatewere taken for preparing M40 grade of concrete. Concrete mix
designs per IRC guidelines is adopted for mix design. Specimen of standard sizeas per Indian Standards have been used for
determining the compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength. The collected recycled aggregate is
trampled by hammer to separate the aggregates & reduce their sizes in smaller parts. Three specimens have been prepared
by replacing recycled aggregate by0%,25%,30%,40%,and100%byvolume.Forpreparationofspecimen,weighbatchingis
adopted. All the ingredients were dry mixed homogeneously in a concretemixer,therequiredquantityofrecycledaggregate
were added and were remixed properly. Then the required quantity of water is then added (w/c= 0.4) toget a homogenous

mix .And also super plasticizer of1.5%dosage is added (by weight of cement). The fresh concrete was compacted in the
moulds by means of table vibrator. After the compaction of the specimens a smooth finish was given and all the specimens
werecuredforabout 24hours inthelaboratoryenvironment.After24hours,thespecimensweredemodedandtransferredto
curing tank and were allowed to cure for 28 days.
After 28 days the specimen were removed from the curing tank and were kept out in atmospheric temperature for drying.
Then the specimens were tested for evaluating compressive strength, flexural strength.
Properties of Natural Coarse aggregates and Recycled concrete aggregates.
PROPERTIES NATURAL
AGGREGATE
RECYCLED
AGGREGTAE
LIMIT REFERENCE
Specificgravity 2.521 2.61 2-3 IS2386:1963(partIII)
Water absorption 0.25% 1.16% <2% IS2386:1963(partIII)
Crushing test 29.91% 28.85% 20-45% IS2386:1963(part IV)
Impact value 29.61% 27.94% 15-30% IS2386:1963(partIV)
Angulariy number 9 5 0-11 IS2386:1963(part I)
Flakiness Elongation
Index
8.23%
38.94
14.9%
20.47%
30% IS2386:1963(part IV)
Sieve Analysis of Recycled Concrete Aggregates.
S.N O ISSIEVE(MM) WT.RETAINED(GM) % REATAINED % CUMULATIVE
RETAINED
% OF
FINENESS
1 80 0 0 0 100
2 63 0 0 0 100
3 40 396 0 0 100
4 20 1851 7.91 7.9
2
92.08
5 16 1549 37.04 44.96 55.03
6 12.51 808 30.97 75.94 24.06
7 10 365 16.18 92.12 7.87
8 4.74 3.0 7.30 99.42 0.5
Properties of Super Plasticizer
Specificgravity 1.220 to 1.225 at 300 C
Chloride content Nil to IS:456
Air entrainment
Approx.
1%additionalair is entrained

3 . RESULT
Compressive strength test results.
Compressive strength test results for 0%, 25%, 30%, 40% recycled aggregate concrete. Compressive strength of 28 days
strength.
Proportion Compressive Strength Mpa
RCA(coat
ed)
28 days
100(0%) 2.60
100(2%) 8.03
100(4%) 10.55
100(6%) 11.37
100(8%) 12.03
Flexural strength test results
Flexural strength test results for 0 %, 25%, 30%, 40%, 100% replacement of recycledaggregate concrete are given below.
Proportion Flexural StrengthN/mm2
RCA(coated) 28 days
100(0%) 2.6
100(2%) 8.04
100(4%) 10.5
100(6%) 11.37
100(8%) 12.04

4. CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE SCOPE
Control Mix: Using IS code IS 10262:2009.
1) Control Mix: Information:
Grade Designation = M40 Cement OPC-53 grade
Greatest ostensible size of aggregates=20mm
Materials:
Sp. Gravity of concrete = 3.15
Sp. Gravity of Coarse totals = 2.60 Sp. Gravity of fine total = 2.625
Water retention
Natural Coarse aggregate =0.25%
Fine aggregates = 0.8%
Stage 1-Target mean Strength:
F1 = fck+1.65s, where s = sexually transmitted disease.
deviation= 40+1.65x5 = 48.25N/mm2
Stage 2-Selection of W/C proportion:
Max = 0.5 (From IS 456:2008)
Embrace 0.42
Stage 3-Selection of water content:
From table 2, Maximum water content = 186 lit
For accomplishing higher usefulness, expanding the Water content by 3% i.e, 186 + 3% of 186 = 192
Lessening the water content because of the use of Super Plasticizers by 10% 192 * 90% = 172.8 lit
Stage 4-Cement Content:
= 172.8/0.42

= 411.42kg/m3
Stage 5-Volume of Aggregates:
Volume of coarse totals and fine totals for Zone II and W/C of 0.45 is 0.63
Thusly Volume of Coarse totals = 0.62 Volume of Fine aggregates=1-0.62=0.38
Step 6-Mix Calculations:
a.) Volume of Concrete = 1m3
b.) Volume of Cement = (mass of concrete/Sp. Gravity)*(1/1000)
= (411.0/3.15)*(1/1000) = 0.130m3.
c.) Volume of water = (mass of water/Sp. Gravity)*(1/1000)
= (172.8/1)*(1/1000)
= 0.1728m3
d.) Volume of Chemical Admixture
(Super plasticizer @ 1.5 lit per 100kg Cement)
=1.5 x411.42/100 x (1/1000)
= 0.00617 m3
e.)Volume of all in Aggregates: = [a-(b+c+d)]
= [1-(0.13+0.1728+.00616)]
= 0.691m3
f.) Mass of Coarse aggregates = e*volume ofcoarseaggregates*Sp.Gravityofcoarseaggregates*1000=0.691x0.62x2.60x1000
= 1113.89kg
g.)Mass of fine aggregates = e*volume of fine aggregates*Sp.Gravity of fine aggregates*1000
= 0.691x0.38x2.65x1000
= 689.27Kg
Stages 7-Mix Proportions: Cement =411.42kg Kg/m3 Water = 172.8Kg/m3FA = 689.27Kg/m3 CA = 1113.89kg/m3
W/C proportion = 0.42
Admixture = 6.16lit/m3
Water: Cement: Fine Aggregate: Natural Coarse Aggregate
0.42 : 1 : 1.67 : 2.71
• In this review, different properties of reused totals have been found and they are contrasted and the regular totals.

Fig: Recycled concrete pavements
•From the test aftereffects of physical and mechanical properties, it has been resolved that theeffectworthofthereusedtotals
is a lot higher than the upsides of regular totals. The benefits of devastating test arehigherthantheupsidesofnature totals,yet
it don't surpass most extreme allowable cutoff.
Fig: Godrej -8-inch recycled block.
Fig: Furniture made with RCA pre-coating technique in Singapore.
• The consolidated flakiness and extension file esteems are higher. The worth of rakishness number is all the more
however it marginally surpasses the restricting worth. Explicit gravity worth of RCA is lower than that of regular totals.
Likewise, the water content worth is significantly more.
• It has been dissected that the supplanting of new coarse totals with recycled substantial totals shows decrease in both
compressive and flexural strength. Supplanting up to 100 percent with covering with 2% 4% 6% 8% and 10% can be
considered as ideal rate substitution to accomplish the plan target strength.
REFERENCES
[1] American Concrete Pavement Association (ACPA) 1993. Reusing substantial asphalt substantial clearing innovation, TB-
014P.Add-on 5 1999. "C&D squander arisings and their uses and objections." Symonds Group Ltd 46967Final ReportFebuary
1999.
[2]Bassuoni, M.,T., and Nehdi, M.,L. 2008. "Strength of self-solidifying cement to consolidated impactsofsulfateassaultandice
activity." Materials and Structures, 41: 1657-1679.

[3] Substantial Association of Canada 2012.
[4] Etxeberria, M., E., Vázquez, E., Mari, A., and Barra, M. 2007. "Impact of measure of reused coarse totals andcreationprocess
on properties of reused total cement." Cement and Concrete Research, 37: 735-742.
[5] Gomez-Soberon, J.M.V. 2002. "Porosity of reused concrete with replacement of reused substantial total - a test review."
Cement and Concrete Research, 32: 1301-1311.
[6] Hansen, T.C. (Ed.), 1992. "Reusing of wrecked cement and stone work." Taylor and Francis, London and New York.
[7] Hansen, T.C. furthermore Narud, H. 1983. "Strength of reused concrete produced using squashed cement coarse total."
Concrete International, 5:
[8] Shayan, A., and Xu, A. 2003. "Execution and properties of underlying cement made with reused substantial total." ACI
Material Journal, 100(5): 371-380.
BIOGRAPHIES
• Ambuj Prakash has done his B.E. in Civil in 2018 from DSCE, Bengaluru.
• Currently pursuing M-tech from Jharkhand University of Technology (2019-21).
• Intern and employed at Gammon Engineers & Construction and Snow Fountain construction,
Lucknow in 2019.
• Co-ordinator of Akhil Bhartiya Vidvat parishad, Varanasi.

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