This document presents an experimental study that evaluated the strength of reinforced concrete beams that were damaged and repaired. Control beams and beams with modeled damage involving cover spalling were tested. The damaged beams were repaired using a steel mesh oriented at 45 or 90 degrees, epoxy bonding agent, and modified concrete mortar. The repaired beams were tested and their strength, deflection, and crack patterns were compared to the control beams. The results showed that beams repaired with steel mesh at 45 degrees and modified mortar achieved higher strengths than the control beams, indicating that this repair method was effective at restoring and potentially increasing the beam capacity.
Finite element analysis of jacketed reinforced concrete column subjected to u...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document discusses structural rehabilitation of reinforced concrete columns through reinforced concrete jacketing. It assesses different aspects of the jacketing process including anchoring added longitudinal reinforcement, interface surface preparation, spacing of added stirrups, and adding new concrete. Recommendations are provided based on research findings. Proper cleaning of holes drilled in footings is important for anchoring reinforcement. Sandblasting is an effective method for increasing surface roughness at the column-jacket interface. Published research has found that interface treatment may not be necessary for strengthening undamaged columns, but could be important for short columns.
This document discusses various methods for shear strengthening of structural concrete members. It begins by explaining the need for structural strengthening due to factors like increased loads, damage over time, or design/construction errors. Several methods for shear strengthening are then described, including external steel reinforcement, section enlargement, internal steel/FRP reinforcement, post-tensioning, supplemental members, and near-surface mounted reinforcement. The document concludes that a variety of materials and strengthening techniques exist to increase shear capacity depending on the specific application.
Experimental Study of Concrete Filled Tubular Short ColumnsIRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study on the behavior of concrete filled tubular short columns of different cross-sectional shapes (circular, rectangular, and square). Specimens were tested under axial compression loading to determine their failure mechanisms and load-carrying capacities. The key findings were that square CFT columns exhibited 11.46% higher ultimate load capacity than circular columns and 10.07% higher than rectangular columns. All specimens failed via local buckling of the steel tube. Theoretical load estimates from design codes were generally lower than the tested loads.
This document summarizes a study on the performance of steel fibre reinforced interlocking hollow concrete blocks used as load bearing walls. The blocks were designed with interlocking ends and hollow portions to reduce weight and facilitate placement of electrical and plumbing utilities. Masonry walls were constructed using these blocks, locally available solid blocks, and hollow blocks to compare their load carrying capacities. Tests on concrete cubes, cylinders and beams with and without steel fibres showed that addition of steel fibres increased the compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths. Walls built with the steel fibre reinforced hollow blocks exhibited a 22% higher load carrying capacity and suffered less cracking compared to walls using solid or hollow blocks without fibres. The study concluded that these lightweight
retrofitting of fire damaged rcc slabs,colums,beamsNayana 54321
This document discusses techniques for retrofitting existing reinforced concrete structures. It introduces various problems that can occur in concrete structures like damage, excessive loading, cracks, and corrosion. Retrofitting aims to restore strength and improve serviceability. Factors influencing the selection of a retrofitting technique include cost, time constraints, and existing structure conditions. Conventional techniques discussed are section enlargement, external plate bonding, external post-tensioning, ferrocement covering, and grouting. An advanced technique of fiber reinforced polymer composites is also introduced, with carbon fiber reinforced polymer being highlighted. CFRP has advantages of high strength, corrosion resistance, and suitability for seismic retrofitting but also has high initial costs.
Experimental Investigation on Steel Concrete Composite Floor SlabIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation on steel-concrete composite floor slabs. Cold-formed steel decking with trapezoidal profiles was used to construct composite floor slabs with concrete. Shear connectors in the form of stud bolts connected the steel decking to the concrete. Three specimens were tested - an RCC slab, a composite slab, and a composite truss. The composite truss was fabricated from steel and connected to the decking and concrete with shear connectors. All specimens were tested for load carrying capacity. The composite truss performed comparably to the RCC slab and was found to effectively transfer loads through composite action between the steel and concrete components.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of interior beam-column joints in reinforced concrete frames wrapped with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP). Sixteen beam-column joint specimens were tested under cyclic loading, with variations in reinforcement detailing per Indian codes IS 456-2000 and IS 13920-1993, and use of FRP wrapping and fiber-reinforced concrete. The results showed that joints designed according to IS 13920-1993 had smaller cracks and higher load capacity than those per IS 456-2000. FRP wrapping and fiber-reinforced concrete improved joint ductility, increasing maximum deflection by up to 25% compared to unwrapped specimens. Specimens with two layers of FRP wrapping and 0.
Finite element analysis of jacketed reinforced concrete column subjected to u...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document discusses structural rehabilitation of reinforced concrete columns through reinforced concrete jacketing. It assesses different aspects of the jacketing process including anchoring added longitudinal reinforcement, interface surface preparation, spacing of added stirrups, and adding new concrete. Recommendations are provided based on research findings. Proper cleaning of holes drilled in footings is important for anchoring reinforcement. Sandblasting is an effective method for increasing surface roughness at the column-jacket interface. Published research has found that interface treatment may not be necessary for strengthening undamaged columns, but could be important for short columns.
This document discusses various methods for shear strengthening of structural concrete members. It begins by explaining the need for structural strengthening due to factors like increased loads, damage over time, or design/construction errors. Several methods for shear strengthening are then described, including external steel reinforcement, section enlargement, internal steel/FRP reinforcement, post-tensioning, supplemental members, and near-surface mounted reinforcement. The document concludes that a variety of materials and strengthening techniques exist to increase shear capacity depending on the specific application.
Experimental Study of Concrete Filled Tubular Short ColumnsIRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study on the behavior of concrete filled tubular short columns of different cross-sectional shapes (circular, rectangular, and square). Specimens were tested under axial compression loading to determine their failure mechanisms and load-carrying capacities. The key findings were that square CFT columns exhibited 11.46% higher ultimate load capacity than circular columns and 10.07% higher than rectangular columns. All specimens failed via local buckling of the steel tube. Theoretical load estimates from design codes were generally lower than the tested loads.
This document summarizes a study on the performance of steel fibre reinforced interlocking hollow concrete blocks used as load bearing walls. The blocks were designed with interlocking ends and hollow portions to reduce weight and facilitate placement of electrical and plumbing utilities. Masonry walls were constructed using these blocks, locally available solid blocks, and hollow blocks to compare their load carrying capacities. Tests on concrete cubes, cylinders and beams with and without steel fibres showed that addition of steel fibres increased the compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths. Walls built with the steel fibre reinforced hollow blocks exhibited a 22% higher load carrying capacity and suffered less cracking compared to walls using solid or hollow blocks without fibres. The study concluded that these lightweight
retrofitting of fire damaged rcc slabs,colums,beamsNayana 54321
This document discusses techniques for retrofitting existing reinforced concrete structures. It introduces various problems that can occur in concrete structures like damage, excessive loading, cracks, and corrosion. Retrofitting aims to restore strength and improve serviceability. Factors influencing the selection of a retrofitting technique include cost, time constraints, and existing structure conditions. Conventional techniques discussed are section enlargement, external plate bonding, external post-tensioning, ferrocement covering, and grouting. An advanced technique of fiber reinforced polymer composites is also introduced, with carbon fiber reinforced polymer being highlighted. CFRP has advantages of high strength, corrosion resistance, and suitability for seismic retrofitting but also has high initial costs.
Experimental Investigation on Steel Concrete Composite Floor SlabIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation on steel-concrete composite floor slabs. Cold-formed steel decking with trapezoidal profiles was used to construct composite floor slabs with concrete. Shear connectors in the form of stud bolts connected the steel decking to the concrete. Three specimens were tested - an RCC slab, a composite slab, and a composite truss. The composite truss was fabricated from steel and connected to the decking and concrete with shear connectors. All specimens were tested for load carrying capacity. The composite truss performed comparably to the RCC slab and was found to effectively transfer loads through composite action between the steel and concrete components.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of interior beam-column joints in reinforced concrete frames wrapped with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP). Sixteen beam-column joint specimens were tested under cyclic loading, with variations in reinforcement detailing per Indian codes IS 456-2000 and IS 13920-1993, and use of FRP wrapping and fiber-reinforced concrete. The results showed that joints designed according to IS 13920-1993 had smaller cracks and higher load capacity than those per IS 456-2000. FRP wrapping and fiber-reinforced concrete improved joint ductility, increasing maximum deflection by up to 25% compared to unwrapped specimens. Specimens with two layers of FRP wrapping and 0.
A Review On Strengthening Of RCC Square Columns with Reinforced Concrete Jack...IRJET Journal
This document reviews strengthening of reinforced concrete square columns with reinforced concrete jacketing. It discusses how RC jacketing leads to uniformly increased strength and stiffness of columns. The durability of the original column is also improved with RC jacketing compared to other techniques. The review examines factors that influence the bond between the column and jacket, such as surface preparation, dowel bars, and transverse reinforcement. It concludes that RC jacketing is an effective and economical retrofitting technique that increases load capacity and improves structural performance of columns.
IRJET- Flexural Behaviour of RCC Beam with Partially Replaced Concrete be...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that investigated the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with partially replaced concrete below the neutral axis. Six groups of beams were tested: 1) control beams made of M-25 concrete, 2) beams with M-25 concrete above the neutral axis and M-20 concrete below, 3) beams with M-25 above and M-15 below, 4) beams with M-25 concrete and a hollow pipe below the neutral axis, 5) beams with M-25/M-20 concrete and a hollow pipe below, and 6) beams with M-25/M-15 concrete and a hollow pipe below. The study found that beams with lower grade concrete or a hollow section below the
Strengthening and rehabilitation of reinforced concrete beams withSubhajit Mondal
1. The document presents research on strengthening and rehabilitating reinforced concrete beams with openings using glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP).
2. Ten beams were tested - one solid beam, three beams with small, medium, and large openings, three strengthened beams where GFRP was applied to the openings, and three rehabilitated beams where GFRP was applied after initial cracking.
3. The effect of the openings and GFRP on load capacity, deflection, cracking, strain, and failure mode were analyzed. It was found that GFRP can effectively increase the load capacity of beams with small openings but not for large openings.
This document summarizes research on strengthening reinforced concrete beams using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. It discusses how FRP strengthening has become a popular technique worldwide due to advantages like high strength, light weight, corrosion resistance, and easy installation. The document reviews literature on strengthening both simply supported and continuous beams. It outlines different FRP strengthening methods and discusses factors that influence the behavior and failure of strengthened beams, such as surface preparation, adhesive type, and concrete strength. The document also discusses design considerations and challenges for FRP strengthening, as well as disadvantages like lack of design codes and fire risk.
Review on Shear Strengthening of Rc Deep Beams with OpeningsIRJET Journal
This document reviews research on strengthening reinforced concrete deep beams with openings. It discusses two approaches: internal strengthening by adding steel reinforcement near openings, and external strengthening by attaching fibre-reinforced polymer layers around openings. The review examines literature on testing different strengthening materials and configurations. It also investigates failure modes like debonding between fibre layers and concrete, and introduces mechanical anchoring systems to prevent debonding.
The document describes a thesis project on numerically simulating circular hollow steel columns confined with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) under axial compression. It includes an introduction describing the objectives to develop a 3D finite element model of the steel column confined with FRP laminates and validate the results. It also describes modeling the steel column and FRP laminates in ABAQUS and applying material properties. The results show that adding more FRP plies increases the ultimate strength and displacement capacity of the column. A parametric study examines the effect of slenderness ratio on strength. Recommendations include adding geometric imperfections to the model.
Strengthening structures via external bonding of advanced fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite is becoming very
popular worldwide during the past decade because it provides a more economical and technically superior alternative
to the traditional techniques in many situations as it offers high strength, low weight, corrosion resistance, high fatigue
resistance, easy and rapid installation and minimal change in structural geometry. Although many in-situ RC beams
are continuous in construction, there has been very limited research work in the area of FRP strengthening of continuous
beams.
Stiffness degradation behavior of retrofitted rc infilled frame under cyclic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract The present study was to evaluate the load carrying capacity of retrofitted 3-bay 4-storey brick infill R.C frame using Ferro cement under cyclic loading. Generally bricks will not be considered as a structural element, but by an effective strengthening technique infill walls and RC frame elements can be kept together and forcing them to work as a whole until the end of the ground motion. The effectiveness of the retrofitted frame under cyclic load was investigated in terms of displacement, stiffness and load carrying capacity. Keywords: Retrofit, Ferro cement, R.C frame, brick infill, cyclic loading, stiffness degradation
Retrofitting Of Reinforced Concrete Column by Steel JacketingIJERA Editor
Reinforced concrete structures often require strengthening to increase their capacity to sustain additional loads,
due to change in use that resulted in additional live loads, deterioration of the load carrying elements, design
errors, construction problems during erection, aging of structure itself or upgrading to confirm to current code
requirements. These situations may require additional concrete elements or the entire concrete structure to be
strengthened, repaired or retrofitted. Common methods for strengthening columns include concrete jacketing,
fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) jacketing and steel jacketing. All these methods have been shown to effectively
increase the axial load capacity of columns.
The experimental study was carried out on RC column on designed and detailed using IS 456:2000 provisions.
The concrete mix design being performed after conducting numerous material test and cube test to validate
expected strength as per specified grade of concrete. The trial testing conducted to estimate load at 1st crack and
failure load for normal RC column with capturing displacement using dial gauges at regular load increment in
UTM. The loading conditions are decided based on failure load to induce cracks in column under 85% loading
of the failure one. In all fifteen specimen casted and tested with three samples for failure load estimation, three
samples each for plate jacketing & angle battening system and three samples each for plate jacketing & angle
battening with column preloaded to 85% of its failure load. The angle batten system proves to be better
compared to full plate retrofitting in terms of load carrying capacity and enhancing confinement effect.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON FLEXURAL BEHAVIOURS OF ECC AND CONCRETE COMPOSITE REINF...IAEME Publication
Engineered cementations composite (ECC) is a class of high-performance cementations
composites with strain-hardening behaviour and excellent crack control. Substitution of concrete
with ECC can avoid the cracking and durability problems associated with brittleness of concrete.
Extensive inelastic deformation is achieved in ECC through Recron 3’s fibre. ECC can be used in
high rise buildings due to their appearance, high bearing capacity, ductility, Fast construction and
cost effective. The aim of the paper is to study the flexural behaviour of ECC and concrete
composite reinforced beams. Size of the beam is 1200mm x100mmx150mm. The percentage of
Recron 3’s fibre replaced is 0.5 %, 1.5%, 2.5% by weight of cement. Finally conventional beam is
compared with ECC beam and also compare ECC at top and bottom of composite beams
Retrofitting and Strengthening of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Columns Using S...IJMER
Six reinforced concrete rectangular columns with a cross section 120x160 mm and 800 mm
length were casted and tested until failure. Two control columns were tested under axial load and four
columns were tested under different eccentricities e/t= (6.30%, 12.5%, 18.75% and 25%). All specimens
were retrofitted by replacing the loose concrete part by grout mortar. Strengthening was carried out using
four vertical steel angles, two angles 30x30x3mm in eccentricity direction and two angles 15x15x3 mm in
the reverse direction all wrapped with expanded three plies steel wire mesh. However, the steel wire mesh
jacket was injected by cement mortar. The test results showed that columns strengthened with four vertical
steel angles wrapped with three plies steel wire mesh tested under different eccentricity recorded a higher
failure load than that wrapped with three plies steel wire mesh only. The increase in column carrying
capacity ranged from 102.5% to 112%
Structural strengthening, restoring and adding capacity is an integral part of today’s concrete repair industry. Structural strengthening may be required for increasing load capacity of beams, columns, walls, and/or slabs, seismic retrofitting, supporting additional live or dead loads not included in original design, to relieve stresses generated by design or construction errors, or to restore original load capacity to damaged structural elements.
This Report covers the technique of retrofitting of existing as well as worn out structures using FRP laminates. Thermal stresses are imposed into the samples to mimic fire in a building. It is then tested for strength, repaired using 250 gsm glass fiber reinforced polymer and then tested for strength again. It was observed that the lost strength of the samples subjected to thermal stresses was regained.
Advanced Design of Composite Steel-Concrete Structural elementIJERA Editor
Composite framing system consisting of steel beams acting interactively with metal deck-concrete slab and concrete encased composite columns, has been as a viable alternative to the conventional steel or reinforced concrete system in the high-rise construction. However, in Indian context, it is comparatively new and no appropriate design codes are available for the same. Complications in the analysis and design of composite structures have led numerous researchers to develop simplified methods so as to eliminate a number of large scale tests needed for the design. In the present work, a simplified method of composite slabs, beams and columns design is used and software is developed with pre- and post- processing facilities in VB.NET. All principal design checks are incorporated in the software. The full and partial shear connection and the requirement for transverse reinforcement are also considered. To facilitate direct selection of steel section, a database is prepared and is available at the back end with the properties of all standard steel sections. Screen shots are included in the paper to illustrate the method employed for selecting the appropriate section and shear connectors and thus to verify the design adequacy.
Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beamsIEI GSC
Presentation on Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beams by Akshay Dhariwal & Prof Sunil Raiyani, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
Strengthening of rc beams using prestressed fiber reinforced polymers – a reviewUniversity of Malaya
This document reviews research on strengthening reinforced concrete beams using prestressed fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs). It focuses on the near surface mounted (NSM) technique, in which carbon FRP rods are grouted into slits in concrete. Research shows that prestressing these rods up to 40% of their tensile capacity provides the maximum flexural strength increase for beams. NSM reinforcement protects the FRP from the environment and has various advantages over externally bonded and externally post-tensioned FRP techniques. The review addresses anchorage systems, failure modes, bond behavior, ductility effects, and finite element modeling of prestressed FRP strengthening of RC beams.
Experimental study on Torsion behavior of Flange beam with GFRPIJSRD
The Study deals with experimental study using glass fiber polymers in civil science. Repairing represents an important aspect of the construction industry and its importance is increasing due to surrounding conditions or geoenvironmental degradations, increased service loads, reduced ability (to hold or do something) due to (old/allowing to get old/getting older), worsening because of poor construction materials and work quality’s and need for seismic-related have demanded the need for repair and rehabilitation of existing structures. Fiber reinforced polymers has been utilized effectively as a part of numerous applications such as low weight, high quality and capacity to last. Numerous past examination chips away at torsion strengthening were centered on strong rectangular RC Beams with distinctive strip designs and diverse sorts of fiber. Distinctive models were produced to torsion test for strengthening of RC beams and effectively utilized for approval of the test works.In the present work test study was done with a specific end goal to have a superior comprehension the conduct of torsion reinforcing of strong RC flanged T-Beam. A RC T-beam is deliberately examined and intended for torsion like a RC rectangular beam; the impact of cement on flange is disregarded by codes. In the present study impact of width in changing so as to oppose torsion is concentrated on flange width of controlled bars. Alternate specification considered is reinforcing and fiber orientations.
FRP composites have advantages over steel for strengthening structures, including higher strength-to-weight ratio, ability to conform to irregular shapes, and corrosion resistance. They are formed using processes like hand lay-up, filament winding, and pultrusion. When bonded to steel, FRP composites can increase strength and stiffness through flexural and fatigue strengthening or prevent local buckling. The bond between FRP and steel is critical and depends on surface treatment and adhesion. FRP composites are an effective technique for strengthening steel structures.
IRJET- Comparative Study on the Characteristic Behaviour of CFDSST, CFDSSAT &...IRJET Journal
The document presents a comparative study on the behavior of concrete filled double skin steel tube (CFDSST), concrete filled double skin steel aluminum tube (CFDSSAT), and concrete filled double skin steel PVC tube (CFDSSPT) columns with and without external steel rings. A series of axial compression tests were performed on 18 column specimens - 6 of each type. The results showed that the load carrying capacity and ductility of the CFDSST, CFDSSAT, and CFDSSPT specimens increased with the addition of external steel rings compared to those without rings. Of the three types, the CFDSSAT specimens exhibited the highest ultimate load values.
IRJET- Effect on Strength of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Variati...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into the effect of steel fiber reinforcement on the strength of concrete. Specifically, it examines how compressive and split tensile strength are affected by varying the length and percentage of steel fibers used. Testing was conducted on standard cubes and cylinders made with different steel fiber lengths (30mm, 50mm, 75mm) and percentages (0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%) after curing for 7 and 28 days. The results showed that both compressive and split tensile strengths generally increased as fiber length and percentage increased. The highest strengths were observed with 50mm length fibers at 0.75% of the concrete weight. In conclusion, the addition of steel fibers improved the strength of concrete,
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Review On Strengthening Of RCC Square Columns with Reinforced Concrete Jack...IRJET Journal
This document reviews strengthening of reinforced concrete square columns with reinforced concrete jacketing. It discusses how RC jacketing leads to uniformly increased strength and stiffness of columns. The durability of the original column is also improved with RC jacketing compared to other techniques. The review examines factors that influence the bond between the column and jacket, such as surface preparation, dowel bars, and transverse reinforcement. It concludes that RC jacketing is an effective and economical retrofitting technique that increases load capacity and improves structural performance of columns.
IRJET- Flexural Behaviour of RCC Beam with Partially Replaced Concrete be...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that investigated the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with partially replaced concrete below the neutral axis. Six groups of beams were tested: 1) control beams made of M-25 concrete, 2) beams with M-25 concrete above the neutral axis and M-20 concrete below, 3) beams with M-25 above and M-15 below, 4) beams with M-25 concrete and a hollow pipe below the neutral axis, 5) beams with M-25/M-20 concrete and a hollow pipe below, and 6) beams with M-25/M-15 concrete and a hollow pipe below. The study found that beams with lower grade concrete or a hollow section below the
Strengthening and rehabilitation of reinforced concrete beams withSubhajit Mondal
1. The document presents research on strengthening and rehabilitating reinforced concrete beams with openings using glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP).
2. Ten beams were tested - one solid beam, three beams with small, medium, and large openings, three strengthened beams where GFRP was applied to the openings, and three rehabilitated beams where GFRP was applied after initial cracking.
3. The effect of the openings and GFRP on load capacity, deflection, cracking, strain, and failure mode were analyzed. It was found that GFRP can effectively increase the load capacity of beams with small openings but not for large openings.
This document summarizes research on strengthening reinforced concrete beams using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. It discusses how FRP strengthening has become a popular technique worldwide due to advantages like high strength, light weight, corrosion resistance, and easy installation. The document reviews literature on strengthening both simply supported and continuous beams. It outlines different FRP strengthening methods and discusses factors that influence the behavior and failure of strengthened beams, such as surface preparation, adhesive type, and concrete strength. The document also discusses design considerations and challenges for FRP strengthening, as well as disadvantages like lack of design codes and fire risk.
Review on Shear Strengthening of Rc Deep Beams with OpeningsIRJET Journal
This document reviews research on strengthening reinforced concrete deep beams with openings. It discusses two approaches: internal strengthening by adding steel reinforcement near openings, and external strengthening by attaching fibre-reinforced polymer layers around openings. The review examines literature on testing different strengthening materials and configurations. It also investigates failure modes like debonding between fibre layers and concrete, and introduces mechanical anchoring systems to prevent debonding.
The document describes a thesis project on numerically simulating circular hollow steel columns confined with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) under axial compression. It includes an introduction describing the objectives to develop a 3D finite element model of the steel column confined with FRP laminates and validate the results. It also describes modeling the steel column and FRP laminates in ABAQUS and applying material properties. The results show that adding more FRP plies increases the ultimate strength and displacement capacity of the column. A parametric study examines the effect of slenderness ratio on strength. Recommendations include adding geometric imperfections to the model.
Strengthening structures via external bonding of advanced fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite is becoming very
popular worldwide during the past decade because it provides a more economical and technically superior alternative
to the traditional techniques in many situations as it offers high strength, low weight, corrosion resistance, high fatigue
resistance, easy and rapid installation and minimal change in structural geometry. Although many in-situ RC beams
are continuous in construction, there has been very limited research work in the area of FRP strengthening of continuous
beams.
Stiffness degradation behavior of retrofitted rc infilled frame under cyclic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract The present study was to evaluate the load carrying capacity of retrofitted 3-bay 4-storey brick infill R.C frame using Ferro cement under cyclic loading. Generally bricks will not be considered as a structural element, but by an effective strengthening technique infill walls and RC frame elements can be kept together and forcing them to work as a whole until the end of the ground motion. The effectiveness of the retrofitted frame under cyclic load was investigated in terms of displacement, stiffness and load carrying capacity. Keywords: Retrofit, Ferro cement, R.C frame, brick infill, cyclic loading, stiffness degradation
Retrofitting Of Reinforced Concrete Column by Steel JacketingIJERA Editor
Reinforced concrete structures often require strengthening to increase their capacity to sustain additional loads,
due to change in use that resulted in additional live loads, deterioration of the load carrying elements, design
errors, construction problems during erection, aging of structure itself or upgrading to confirm to current code
requirements. These situations may require additional concrete elements or the entire concrete structure to be
strengthened, repaired or retrofitted. Common methods for strengthening columns include concrete jacketing,
fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) jacketing and steel jacketing. All these methods have been shown to effectively
increase the axial load capacity of columns.
The experimental study was carried out on RC column on designed and detailed using IS 456:2000 provisions.
The concrete mix design being performed after conducting numerous material test and cube test to validate
expected strength as per specified grade of concrete. The trial testing conducted to estimate load at 1st crack and
failure load for normal RC column with capturing displacement using dial gauges at regular load increment in
UTM. The loading conditions are decided based on failure load to induce cracks in column under 85% loading
of the failure one. In all fifteen specimen casted and tested with three samples for failure load estimation, three
samples each for plate jacketing & angle battening system and three samples each for plate jacketing & angle
battening with column preloaded to 85% of its failure load. The angle batten system proves to be better
compared to full plate retrofitting in terms of load carrying capacity and enhancing confinement effect.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON FLEXURAL BEHAVIOURS OF ECC AND CONCRETE COMPOSITE REINF...IAEME Publication
Engineered cementations composite (ECC) is a class of high-performance cementations
composites with strain-hardening behaviour and excellent crack control. Substitution of concrete
with ECC can avoid the cracking and durability problems associated with brittleness of concrete.
Extensive inelastic deformation is achieved in ECC through Recron 3’s fibre. ECC can be used in
high rise buildings due to their appearance, high bearing capacity, ductility, Fast construction and
cost effective. The aim of the paper is to study the flexural behaviour of ECC and concrete
composite reinforced beams. Size of the beam is 1200mm x100mmx150mm. The percentage of
Recron 3’s fibre replaced is 0.5 %, 1.5%, 2.5% by weight of cement. Finally conventional beam is
compared with ECC beam and also compare ECC at top and bottom of composite beams
Retrofitting and Strengthening of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Columns Using S...IJMER
Six reinforced concrete rectangular columns with a cross section 120x160 mm and 800 mm
length were casted and tested until failure. Two control columns were tested under axial load and four
columns were tested under different eccentricities e/t= (6.30%, 12.5%, 18.75% and 25%). All specimens
were retrofitted by replacing the loose concrete part by grout mortar. Strengthening was carried out using
four vertical steel angles, two angles 30x30x3mm in eccentricity direction and two angles 15x15x3 mm in
the reverse direction all wrapped with expanded three plies steel wire mesh. However, the steel wire mesh
jacket was injected by cement mortar. The test results showed that columns strengthened with four vertical
steel angles wrapped with three plies steel wire mesh tested under different eccentricity recorded a higher
failure load than that wrapped with three plies steel wire mesh only. The increase in column carrying
capacity ranged from 102.5% to 112%
Structural strengthening, restoring and adding capacity is an integral part of today’s concrete repair industry. Structural strengthening may be required for increasing load capacity of beams, columns, walls, and/or slabs, seismic retrofitting, supporting additional live or dead loads not included in original design, to relieve stresses generated by design or construction errors, or to restore original load capacity to damaged structural elements.
This Report covers the technique of retrofitting of existing as well as worn out structures using FRP laminates. Thermal stresses are imposed into the samples to mimic fire in a building. It is then tested for strength, repaired using 250 gsm glass fiber reinforced polymer and then tested for strength again. It was observed that the lost strength of the samples subjected to thermal stresses was regained.
Advanced Design of Composite Steel-Concrete Structural elementIJERA Editor
Composite framing system consisting of steel beams acting interactively with metal deck-concrete slab and concrete encased composite columns, has been as a viable alternative to the conventional steel or reinforced concrete system in the high-rise construction. However, in Indian context, it is comparatively new and no appropriate design codes are available for the same. Complications in the analysis and design of composite structures have led numerous researchers to develop simplified methods so as to eliminate a number of large scale tests needed for the design. In the present work, a simplified method of composite slabs, beams and columns design is used and software is developed with pre- and post- processing facilities in VB.NET. All principal design checks are incorporated in the software. The full and partial shear connection and the requirement for transverse reinforcement are also considered. To facilitate direct selection of steel section, a database is prepared and is available at the back end with the properties of all standard steel sections. Screen shots are included in the paper to illustrate the method employed for selecting the appropriate section and shear connectors and thus to verify the design adequacy.
Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beamsIEI GSC
Presentation on Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beams by Akshay Dhariwal & Prof Sunil Raiyani, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
Strengthening of rc beams using prestressed fiber reinforced polymers – a reviewUniversity of Malaya
This document reviews research on strengthening reinforced concrete beams using prestressed fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs). It focuses on the near surface mounted (NSM) technique, in which carbon FRP rods are grouted into slits in concrete. Research shows that prestressing these rods up to 40% of their tensile capacity provides the maximum flexural strength increase for beams. NSM reinforcement protects the FRP from the environment and has various advantages over externally bonded and externally post-tensioned FRP techniques. The review addresses anchorage systems, failure modes, bond behavior, ductility effects, and finite element modeling of prestressed FRP strengthening of RC beams.
Experimental study on Torsion behavior of Flange beam with GFRPIJSRD
The Study deals with experimental study using glass fiber polymers in civil science. Repairing represents an important aspect of the construction industry and its importance is increasing due to surrounding conditions or geoenvironmental degradations, increased service loads, reduced ability (to hold or do something) due to (old/allowing to get old/getting older), worsening because of poor construction materials and work quality’s and need for seismic-related have demanded the need for repair and rehabilitation of existing structures. Fiber reinforced polymers has been utilized effectively as a part of numerous applications such as low weight, high quality and capacity to last. Numerous past examination chips away at torsion strengthening were centered on strong rectangular RC Beams with distinctive strip designs and diverse sorts of fiber. Distinctive models were produced to torsion test for strengthening of RC beams and effectively utilized for approval of the test works.In the present work test study was done with a specific end goal to have a superior comprehension the conduct of torsion reinforcing of strong RC flanged T-Beam. A RC T-beam is deliberately examined and intended for torsion like a RC rectangular beam; the impact of cement on flange is disregarded by codes. In the present study impact of width in changing so as to oppose torsion is concentrated on flange width of controlled bars. Alternate specification considered is reinforcing and fiber orientations.
FRP composites have advantages over steel for strengthening structures, including higher strength-to-weight ratio, ability to conform to irregular shapes, and corrosion resistance. They are formed using processes like hand lay-up, filament winding, and pultrusion. When bonded to steel, FRP composites can increase strength and stiffness through flexural and fatigue strengthening or prevent local buckling. The bond between FRP and steel is critical and depends on surface treatment and adhesion. FRP composites are an effective technique for strengthening steel structures.
IRJET- Comparative Study on the Characteristic Behaviour of CFDSST, CFDSSAT &...IRJET Journal
The document presents a comparative study on the behavior of concrete filled double skin steel tube (CFDSST), concrete filled double skin steel aluminum tube (CFDSSAT), and concrete filled double skin steel PVC tube (CFDSSPT) columns with and without external steel rings. A series of axial compression tests were performed on 18 column specimens - 6 of each type. The results showed that the load carrying capacity and ductility of the CFDSST, CFDSSAT, and CFDSSPT specimens increased with the addition of external steel rings compared to those without rings. Of the three types, the CFDSSAT specimens exhibited the highest ultimate load values.
IRJET- Effect on Strength of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Variati...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into the effect of steel fiber reinforcement on the strength of concrete. Specifically, it examines how compressive and split tensile strength are affected by varying the length and percentage of steel fibers used. Testing was conducted on standard cubes and cylinders made with different steel fiber lengths (30mm, 50mm, 75mm) and percentages (0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%) after curing for 7 and 28 days. The results showed that both compressive and split tensile strengths generally increased as fiber length and percentage increased. The highest strengths were observed with 50mm length fibers at 0.75% of the concrete weight. In conclusion, the addition of steel fibers improved the strength of concrete,
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET- Improvement of Performance of Concrete using Straight and 3D Steel...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study on the effects of adding different types of steel fibers to concrete. Straight steel fibers, single closed loop fibers, and double closed loop fibers were added to concrete mixes in amounts from 0.5% to 2% by weight of cement. Specimens were tested to determine their compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. It was found that the addition of steel fibers increased the mechanical properties of concrete up to an optimal fiber content of 1-1.5%. Double closed loop fibers provided the best improvement to strength, increasing compressive strength by up to 42.6% and split tensile strength by up to 62.4% compared to plain concrete. The study
Stiffening and Strengthening of Deteriorated Cellular Beams by Local Post- Te...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on strengthening deteriorated cellular beams through local post-tensioning. Cellular beams are prone to deterioration over time due to their increased depth and exposure. The study aims to introduce local post-tensioning as a simple, low-cost method to stiffen and strengthen cellular beams without adding new material. Local post-tensioning involves attaching reinforcing bars to the bottom of the beam and tensioning them using jacks to improve load capacity. Deteriorated beams were modeled and analyzed in ANSYS. The results showed that local post-tensioning combined with stiffeners was the most effective approach, able to recover over 180% of the original load capacity.
The document describes an experimental study that evaluated an innovative strengthening technique for reinforced low-strength concrete cantilever slabs. The technique involves applying a thin layer of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) to the compression side of the slab prior to applying external prestressing tendons on the tension side. Nine reinforced concrete slabs were tested to evaluate the efficiency of this hybrid strengthening approach. The results showed that combining the ECC layer with external prestressing doubled the load-carrying capacity of low-strength slabs compared to unstrengthened controls. It also increased capacity more than using external prestressing alone. Additionally, the technique was still effective when applied to pre-cracked slabs, though the strength gains decreased as the
The Study of Flexural and Ultimate Behavior of Ferrocement Lightweight Beam b...IRJET Journal
1. The study examines the flexural and ultimate behavior of ferrocement lightweight beams using autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) blocks.
2. Six beams were tested - three reinforced concrete beams and three ferrocement beams. Testing involved applying a single point load until failure and recording the first crack load, ultimate load, and deflections.
3. Test results found that ferrocement beams gave early warning of failure through initial cracking compared to sudden failure in reinforced concrete beams. Ferrocement beams also experienced greater deflections than reinforced concrete beams under the same loads.
Flexural behaviour of reinforced cement concrete beam wrapped with gfrp sheeteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Impact of Accelerated Corrosion Test in Flexural Behaviour of RC B...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the impact of accelerated corrosion on the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams. Beams with 5%, 10%, and 15% corrosion were tested and their ultimate load carrying capacity and deflection behavior were compared to control beams. The accelerated corrosion was induced using an impressed current technique with NaCl solution. The results showed that as the level of corrosion increased, the ultimate load capacity of the beams decreased. Beams with 5% corrosion saw a 10% reduction in load capacity compared to control beams, while beams with 10% and 15% corrosion saw 23% and 39% reductions, respectively. Corroded beams also exhibited greater deflection than control beams under loading.
Seismic rehabilitation of beam column joint using gfrp sheets-2002Yara Mouna
The document summarizes a study that tested different rehabilitation techniques for improving the seismic performance of reinforced concrete beam-column joints. Three beam-column joints were tested: a control specimen and two specimens that were rehabilitated using glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets. The control specimen failed in a brittle shear and bond failure mode, while the rehabilitated specimens exhibited a more ductile flexural failure of the beam. The rehabilitation techniques strengthened the joint shear capacity and prevented bond-slip failures of the beam reinforcement in the joint. A simple design methodology for the GFRP rehabilitation is proposed.
Seismic rehabilitation of beam column joint using gfrp sheets-2002Yara Mouna
The document describes a study that tested three beam-column joints to evaluate seismic rehabilitation techniques. A control specimen showed brittle joint shear and bond failure, while two specimens rehabilitated with glass fiber reinforced polymer sheets showed more ductile failure by flexural hinging in the beam. One rehabilitated specimen used GFRP sheets wrapped around the joint and anchored with steel plates to strengthen shear capacity. The other used additional GFRP sheets attached to the bottom of the beam to strengthen bond capacity of the reinforcement bars. Both rehabilitation schemes improved behavior by eliminating brittle joint failures and increasing ductility.
STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF RETROFIT BEAM COLUMN JUNCTION USING ANSYSIRJET Journal
- The document discusses the structural behavior of retrofitted beam-column joints using ANSYS. It analyzes the total deformation and maximum principal stress of retrofitted joints compared to their original condition.
- The methodology section describes modeling a reinforced concrete beam-column joint in ANSYS Workbench. It details assigning materials, importing the geometry, meshing, boundary conditions, and applying loads.
- The analysis is performed on models with and without carbon fiber reinforced polymer wrapping applied to the joints. The results are evaluated to assess the effectiveness of the retrofitting technique.
STRENGTHENING OF PRECAST BEAM-COLUMN JOINT USING STEEL ENCASEMENTIRJET Journal
This document discusses analytical investigations of strengthening precast beam-column joints subjected to monotonic loading using steel encasement. Two strengthening methods are considered: welding steel plates and angles to the joint, and mounting steel plates and angles using prestressed bars. The study aims to improve structural performance metrics like joint strength, ductility, moment capacity, and deflection. Results will be compared to experimental data on cast in situ joints to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques for precast construction. A beam-column joint is modeled in ANSYS software to analyze the strengthened connections.
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Deep Beam Strengthened by Glass Fiber Reinfor...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on strengthening reinforced concrete deep beams using glass fiber reinforced polymer plates. Two sets of deep beams were fabricated and tested. Set I included control beams and beams strengthened in flexure using continuous GFRP sheets. Set II included control beams and beams strengthened in shear using continuous GFRP sheets. The beams were tested under two-point static loading and experimental data on load and failure modes was obtained. The study aimed to analyze the flexural and shear behavior of reinforced concrete deep beams strengthened with externally bonded GFRP plates.
IRJET-Experimental behavior of Concrete under Compression Load with Steel Fib...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the experimental behavior of concrete under compression load when partially replacing cement with steel fiber and ferrocement. The research involved casting and testing cylinders and cubes of M25 grade concrete with different mixes - some with steel fiber and ferrocement additions and others without. The results showed that concrete with a 0.5% addition of steel fiber and no ferrocement layers had the highest ultimate strain and a 16% increase in compressive strength compared to plain concrete cubes. The research concluded that steel fiber and ferrocement additions can improve the performance and properties of concrete under compression loads.
IRJET- Comparative Study on the Seismic Behaviour of RCC and Steel-Concrete C...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study on the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete concrete (RCC) frame structures and steel-concrete composite frame structures. Five 20-story building models are analyzed: one RCC structure and four composite structures with different column and beam configurations. Parameters like time period, story displacement, drift ratio, base shear, etc. are extracted and compared for the structures under equivalent static and response spectrum analysis for seismic zones II and V. The results show that composite structures have higher time periods and displacements but lower drift ratios and base shears compared to the RCC structure. In particular, composite model 3 with rectangular concrete filled steel columns performed better with smaller displacements and drift ratios.
Beam column joints in concrete framed structure have been identified as critical member for transferring forces and bending moments between beams and columns. The change of moments in beam and columns across the joint region, under loadings, induces high shear force and stresses as compared with other adjacent members. The shear failure caused is often brittle in nature which is not an acceptable structural performance. Retrofitting enhances the moment carrying capacity of joint. Often beam column joints need to be strengthened. Author proposes use of ferrocement for retrofitting as wrapping technique, cost effective alternative to costly FRP wrapping technique. In this present research study, modelling & comparison of Beam-Column joint with and without ferrocement jacket is carried out by finite element method using software ANSYS APDL. The comparison shows enhanced performance of the jacketed model over Non jacketed in terms of stresses, ultimate load carrying capacity.
IRJET- Study on the Effect of Biaxial Geo-Grid on Fiber Reinforced ConcreteIRJET Journal
1) An experimental study was conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete with the addition of biaxial geogrid.
2) Cube, cylinder, and beam specimens were tested with and without geogrid and steel fibers. The geogrid was placed inside cylindrical molds and on top of beam specimens before pouring concrete.
3) Test results found that geogrid confinement alone increased compressive strength by 6% and splitting tensile strength by 37% compared to conventional concrete. The addition of steel fibers further increased strengths, with 1.5% fibers and geogrid giving the best performance overall.
IRJET- Experimental Study of Structural Behaviour of Double Skin Hollow –...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the structural behavior of double skin hollow concrete filled steel tubular (DSH-CFST) columns under axial compressive loading. 36 specimens were tested with varying hollowness ratios. Test results showed that DSH-CFST columns can provide higher strength and ductility than solid CFST columns. Stress-strain curves and load-deformation curves were compared for different specimen types. The study found that DSH-CFST columns exhibited up to 77% higher compressive stresses than solid CFST columns. DSH-CFST columns also demonstrated improved ductility compared to solid CFST columns. The results provide information on optimizing the strength and structural performance of DSH-CFST columns
Effects of Hybrid Steel Fibers on the Mechanical Properties of Steel Fiber Re...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the effects of adding different types of steel fibers on the mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete. Three types of steel fibers were investigated: straight steel fibers, hooked steel fibers, and crimped steel fibers. Concrete cubes, cylinders, and prisms containing varying percentages (1%, 2%, 3%) of each fiber type were tested to determine their compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at different ages. The results showed that compressive strength increased up to 2% fiber content for all fiber types compared to plain concrete. Specifically, the compressive strength of concrete with 2% crimped steel fibers exhibited a 16.92% increase over the control concrete and other fiber mixtures
IRJET- Effect of Fiber Addition on Mechanical Properties of ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document discusses the effect of adding different types and amounts of steel fibers and glass fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete. Tests were conducted on concrete specimens with 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% volume fractions of steel fibers to measure their compressive strength and split tensile strength after 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength and split tensile strength increased as the steel fiber content increased, with the 3% fiber volume fraction specimens exhibiting the highest strengths. Similar tests also examined the effect of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% glass fiber volume fractions. Both steel and glass fibers improved the mechanical properties of concrete compared to normal concrete without fibers.
Similar to IRJET- Experimental Evaluation of Strength of Damaged RCC Beam Repaired using Steel Mesh At 45° and Modified Mortar (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.