This document discusses using a fuzzy inference system to enhance remotely sensed multi-temporal images. It proposes a spectral resolution enhancement method (SREM) that uses fuzzy logic to increase image contrast and quality. The method involves fuzzifying the original image using triangular membership functions, then applying fuzzy rules to modify membership values. Finally, defuzzification converts the image back from the fuzzy membership plane to the pixel plane, producing an enhanced image with increased contrast. The approach is tested on eight image datasets and statistical analysis shows the fuzzy inference system produces enhanced images that improve the range of applications for remotely sensed data.
IRJET - Review of Various Multi-Focus Image Fusion MethodsIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of multi-focus image fusion methods. It discusses various multi-focus image fusion techniques in both the spatial and frequency domains. It reviews several papers on multi-focus image fusion using different methods like region mosaicking on laplacian pyramid (RMLP), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), principal component analysis (PCA), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and implementation on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The document compares the advantages and issues of the techniques discussed in the reviewed papers. It provides context on applications of image fusion in areas like remote sensing, medical imaging, and more.
This document presents a redundant wavelet transform based method for single image super resolution. The proposed method decomposes a low resolution input image into subbands using redundant wavelet transform. The subbands are then interpolated using bicubic interpolation. Inverse redundant wavelet transform is applied to the interpolated subbands to generate the high resolution output image. The method is tested on various standard test images and wavelet types. Results show the proposed method achieves higher peak signal-to-noise ratios compared to conventional interpolation and discrete wavelet transform based super resolution methods.
A New Approach of Medical Image Fusion using Discrete Wavelet TransformIDES Editor
MRI-PET medical image fusion has important
clinical significance. Medical image fusion is the important
step after registration, which is an integrative display method
of two images. The PET image shows the brain function with
a low spatial resolution, MRI image shows the brain tissue
anatomy and contains no functional information. Hence, a
perfect fused image should contains both functional
information and more spatial characteristics with no spatial
& color distortion. The DWT coefficients of MRI-PET
intensity values are fused based on the even degree method
and cross correlation method The performance of proposed
image fusion scheme is evaluated with PSNR and RMSE and
its also compared with the existing techniques.
An efficient fusion based up sampling technique for restoration of spatially ...ijitjournal
The various up-sampling techniques available in the literature produce blurring artifacts in the upsampled,
high resolution images. In order to overcome this problem effectively, an image fusion based interpolation technique is proposed here to restore the high frequency information. The Discrete Cosine Transform interpolation technique preserves low frequency information whereas Discrete Sine Transform preserves high frequency information. Therefore, by fusing the DCT and DST based up-sampled images, more high frequency, relevant information of both the up-sampled images can be preserved in the restored,
fused image. The restoration of high frequency information lessens the degree of blurring in the fusedimage and hence improves its objective and subjective quality. Experimental result shows the proposed method achieves a Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) improvement up to 0.9947dB than DCT interpolation and 2.8186dB than bicubic interpolation at 4:1 compression ratio.
Different Image Fusion Techniques –A Critical ReviewIJMER
This document reviews and compares different image fusion techniques, including spatial domain and transform domain methods. Spatial domain techniques like simple averaging and maximum selection are disadvantageous because they can produce spatial distortions and reduce contrast in the fused image. Transform domain methods like discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and principal component analysis (PCA) perform better by preserving more spatial and spectral information. DWT fusion in particular minimizes spectral distortion and improves the signal-to-noise ratio over pixel-based approaches, though it results in lower spatial resolution. Tables in the document provide quantitative comparisons of different techniques using performance measures like peak signal-to-noise ratio, entropy, and normalized cross-correlation.
This document discusses wavelet-based image fusion techniques. Image fusion combines information from multiple images of the same scene to create a fused image that is more informative than any single input image. The wavelet transform decomposes images into different frequency bands, and image fusion algorithms merge the corresponding bands from input images. Common fusion rules include choosing the maximum, minimum, mean, or a value from one image at each band location. The inverse wavelet transform then reconstructs the fused image. Wavelet-based fusion can integrate high spatial and high spectral information from images like panchromatic and multispectral satellite data.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method to enhance the resolution of satellite images using discrete wavelet transform (DWT), interpolation, and inverse discrete wavelet transform (IDWT). Low resolution satellite images are decomposed into subbands using DWT. Bilinear interpolation is applied to each subband to increase resolution. IDWT is then used to combine the subbands into the enhanced, higher resolution output image. The method is tested on LANDSAT 8 images and evaluated using metrics like PSNR, MSE, and entropy. Results show the proposed method improves these metrics over other interpolation techniques, enhancing image quality and resolution.
IRJET - Review of Various Multi-Focus Image Fusion MethodsIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of multi-focus image fusion methods. It discusses various multi-focus image fusion techniques in both the spatial and frequency domains. It reviews several papers on multi-focus image fusion using different methods like region mosaicking on laplacian pyramid (RMLP), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), principal component analysis (PCA), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and implementation on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The document compares the advantages and issues of the techniques discussed in the reviewed papers. It provides context on applications of image fusion in areas like remote sensing, medical imaging, and more.
This document presents a redundant wavelet transform based method for single image super resolution. The proposed method decomposes a low resolution input image into subbands using redundant wavelet transform. The subbands are then interpolated using bicubic interpolation. Inverse redundant wavelet transform is applied to the interpolated subbands to generate the high resolution output image. The method is tested on various standard test images and wavelet types. Results show the proposed method achieves higher peak signal-to-noise ratios compared to conventional interpolation and discrete wavelet transform based super resolution methods.
A New Approach of Medical Image Fusion using Discrete Wavelet TransformIDES Editor
MRI-PET medical image fusion has important
clinical significance. Medical image fusion is the important
step after registration, which is an integrative display method
of two images. The PET image shows the brain function with
a low spatial resolution, MRI image shows the brain tissue
anatomy and contains no functional information. Hence, a
perfect fused image should contains both functional
information and more spatial characteristics with no spatial
& color distortion. The DWT coefficients of MRI-PET
intensity values are fused based on the even degree method
and cross correlation method The performance of proposed
image fusion scheme is evaluated with PSNR and RMSE and
its also compared with the existing techniques.
An efficient fusion based up sampling technique for restoration of spatially ...ijitjournal
The various up-sampling techniques available in the literature produce blurring artifacts in the upsampled,
high resolution images. In order to overcome this problem effectively, an image fusion based interpolation technique is proposed here to restore the high frequency information. The Discrete Cosine Transform interpolation technique preserves low frequency information whereas Discrete Sine Transform preserves high frequency information. Therefore, by fusing the DCT and DST based up-sampled images, more high frequency, relevant information of both the up-sampled images can be preserved in the restored,
fused image. The restoration of high frequency information lessens the degree of blurring in the fusedimage and hence improves its objective and subjective quality. Experimental result shows the proposed method achieves a Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) improvement up to 0.9947dB than DCT interpolation and 2.8186dB than bicubic interpolation at 4:1 compression ratio.
Different Image Fusion Techniques –A Critical ReviewIJMER
This document reviews and compares different image fusion techniques, including spatial domain and transform domain methods. Spatial domain techniques like simple averaging and maximum selection are disadvantageous because they can produce spatial distortions and reduce contrast in the fused image. Transform domain methods like discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and principal component analysis (PCA) perform better by preserving more spatial and spectral information. DWT fusion in particular minimizes spectral distortion and improves the signal-to-noise ratio over pixel-based approaches, though it results in lower spatial resolution. Tables in the document provide quantitative comparisons of different techniques using performance measures like peak signal-to-noise ratio, entropy, and normalized cross-correlation.
This document discusses wavelet-based image fusion techniques. Image fusion combines information from multiple images of the same scene to create a fused image that is more informative than any single input image. The wavelet transform decomposes images into different frequency bands, and image fusion algorithms merge the corresponding bands from input images. Common fusion rules include choosing the maximum, minimum, mean, or a value from one image at each band location. The inverse wavelet transform then reconstructs the fused image. Wavelet-based fusion can integrate high spatial and high spectral information from images like panchromatic and multispectral satellite data.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method to enhance the resolution of satellite images using discrete wavelet transform (DWT), interpolation, and inverse discrete wavelet transform (IDWT). Low resolution satellite images are decomposed into subbands using DWT. Bilinear interpolation is applied to each subband to increase resolution. IDWT is then used to combine the subbands into the enhanced, higher resolution output image. The method is tested on LANDSAT 8 images and evaluated using metrics like PSNR, MSE, and entropy. Results show the proposed method improves these metrics over other interpolation techniques, enhancing image quality and resolution.
Image enhancement is one of the challenging issues in image processing. The objective of Image enhancement is to process an image so that result is more suitable than original image for specific application. Digital image enhancement techniques provide a lot of choices for improving the visual quality of images. Appropriate choice of such techniques is very important. This paper will provide an overview and analysis of different techniques commonly used for image enhancement. Image enhancement plays a fundamental role in vision applications. Recently much work is completed in the field of images enhancement. Many techniques have previously been proposed up to now for enhancing the digital images. In this paper, a survey on various image enhancement techniques has been done.
IRJET - Symmetric Image Registration based on Intensity and Spatial Informati...IRJET Journal
This document presents a proposed system for symmetric image registration based on intensity and spatial information using a technique called the Coloured Simple Algebraic Algorithm (CSAA). The system first preprocesses color images, extracts features, then classifies images as symmetric or asymmetric using a neural network. It is shown to provide accurate and robust registration of medical and biomedical images. The system is implemented and evaluated on sample images, demonstrating it can successfully identify symmetric versus asymmetric images. The proposed approach aims to improve on existing techniques for intensity-based image registration tasks.
This document describes a method for pixel-level image fusion using principal component analysis (PCA). PCA is used to transform correlated image pixels into a set of uncorrelated principal components. The first principal component accounts for the most variance in the pixel values. To fuse images, the pixels of the input images are arranged into vectors and subtracted from their mean. PCA is applied to get the eigenvectors corresponding to the largest eigenvalues. The normalized eigenvectors are used to compute a fused image as a weighted sum of the input images. Performance is evaluated using metrics like standard deviation, entropy, cross-entropy, and fusion mutual information, with higher values of these metrics indicating better quality of the fused image.
This document reviews techniques for multi-image morphing. It discusses early cross-dissolve morphing methods and their limitations. Mesh warping and field morphing are introduced as improved techniques that use control points and line mappings to better align images during transition. The document also summarizes point distribution, critical point filters, and other common morphing methods. It concludes by noting that effective morphing requires mechanisms for feature specification, warp generation, and transition control.
Performance Analysis of Spatial and Frequency Domain Multiple Data Embedding ...CSCJournals
Data hiding is an age-old technique used to hide data in an image. Several attacks are prevalent to hack the data hidden inside the image. Considerable researches are going on in this area to protect the hidden data from unauthorized access. The current work is focused towards studying the behavior of Spatial and Frequency Domain Multiple data embedding techniques towards noise prone channels enabling the user to select an optimal embedding technique. The Performance of the above techniques is also focused towards multiple embedded data inside a single cover image. The robustness of the watermark is tested by incorporating several attacks and testing the watermark strength.
IRJET- Heuristic Approach for Low Light Image Enhancement using Deep LearningIRJET Journal
This document discusses a deep learning approach for enhancing low light images. It begins by describing the challenges of low light imaging such as low signal-to-noise ratio and increased noise. It then reviews existing image enhancement and denoising techniques that have limitations under extreme low light conditions. The proposed approach uses a convolutional neural network trained on a dataset of low and high exposure image pairs to learn an end-to-end image processing pipeline directly from raw sensor data. This aims to better handle noise and color biases compared to traditional pipelines. The goals are to enhance short exposure images while suppressing noise and applying proper color transformations.
A Novel Color Image Fusion for Multi Sensor Night Vision ImagesEditor IJCATR
In this paper presents a simple and fast color fusion approach for night vision images. Image fusion involves merging of two
or more images in such a way, to get the most advantageous characteristics of each image. Here the Visible image is fused with the
InfraRed (IR) image, so the desired result will be single, highly informative image providing full information. This paper focuses on
color constancy and color contrast problem.
Firstly the contrast of the infrared and visible image is enhanced using Local Histogram Equation. Then the two enhanced
images are fused in three compounds of a LAB image using aDWT image fusion. This paper adopts an approach which transfer color
from the reference image to the fused image using Color Transfer Technology. To enhance the contrast between the target and the
background, a scaling factor is introduced in the transferring equation in the b channel. Finally our approach gives the Multiband
Fused image with the natural day-time color appearance and the hot targets are popped out with intense colors while the background
details present with the natural color appearance.
This document discusses image fusion techniques at different levels of abstraction: pixel level, feature level, and decision level. It describes various fusion methods including numerical (e.g. multiplicative, Brovey), color related (e.g. IHS), statistical (e.g. PCA, Gram Schmidt), and feature level (e.g. Ehlers) techniques. Both qualitative (visual) and quantitative (statistical measures like RMSE, correlation coefficient, entropy) methods to assess fusion quality are outlined. Image fusion has applications in improving classification and displaying sharper resolution images.
This document discusses techniques for enhancing thermal images, including converting to grayscale, histogram equalization, linear and adaptive filtering, and morphological operations. Histogram equalization spreads pixel intensities over the full range to improve contrast. Linear filtering is used for smoothing, sharpening and edge enhancement, while adaptive filtering better preserves edges. Morphological operations use a structuring element to quantify how well an element fits in an image. Fourier transforms change the image domain and can restore images through inverse transforms. The techniques can improve image quality for applications like quality control and diagnostics.
Survey on Various Image Denoising TechniquesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several techniques for image denoising. It begins by defining image noise and explaining how noise degrades image quality. It then reviews 7 different published techniques for image denoising, summarizing the key aspects of each technique. These include methods using local spectral component decomposition, SVD-based denoising, patch-based near-optimal denoising, LPG-PCA denoising, trivariate shrinkage filtering, SURE-LET denoising, and 3D transform-domain collaborative filtering. The document concludes that LSCD provides better denoising results according to PSNR analysis and provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in image denoising techniques.
This document discusses a hand gesture recognition system for underprivileged individuals. It begins by outlining the key steps in hand gesture recognition systems: image capture, pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction and gesture recognition. It then goes into more detail on specific techniques for each step, such as thresholding and edge detection for segmentation. The document also covers applications like access control, sign language translation and future areas like biometric authentication. In conclusion, it proposes that hand gesture recognition can help disabled individuals communicate through accessible human-computer interaction.
Removal of Unwanted Objects using Image Inpainting - a Technical ReviewIJERA Editor
Image In painting, the technique to change image in undetectable structure, it itself is an ancient art. There are
various goals and applications of image in painting which includes restoration of damaged painting and also to
replace/remove the selected objects. This paper, describes various techniques that can help in removing
unwanted objects from image. Even the in painting fundamentals are directly further, most inpainting techniques
available in the literature are difficult to understand and implement.
Orientation Spectral Resolution Coding for Pattern RecognitionIOSRjournaljce
In the approach of pattern recognition, feature descriptions are of greater importance. Features are represented in spatial domain and transformed domain. Wherein, spatial domain features are of lower representation, transformed domains are finer and more informative. In the transformed domain representation, features are represented using spectral coding using advanced transformation technique such as wavelet transformation. However, the feature extraction approach considers the band coefficients; the orientation variation is not considered. In this paper towards inherent orientation variation among each spectral band is derived, and the approach of orientation filtration is made for effective feature representation. The obtained result illustrates an improvement in the recognition accuracy, in comparison to conventional retrieval system.
Modified adaptive bilateral filter for image contrast enhancementeSAT Publishing House
This paper proposes a two-phase method for removing noise and enhancing image resolution using an adaptive bilateral filter. In the first phase, total variation regularization is used to identify pixels likely contaminated by noise. In the second phase, the image is reconstructed by applying an adaptive technique only to candidate pixels identified for enhancement. Experimental results show the proposed method performs better than median-based filters or edge-preserving regularization methods at preserving texture, details and edges even at high noise levels.
This document discusses image fusion techniques for medical diagnostic images. It describes how computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide different but complementary information about tissues. Image fusion combines CT and MRI scans into a single image to leverage the advantages of both modalities. The document outlines a specific fusion method using discrete wavelet transform for decomposition and self-organizing feature mapping neural network for feature recognition and extraction from the decomposed images. The advantages of this method are discussed as well as one drawback.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes a research paper that compares different classification techniques for remotely sensed Landsat images. It discusses extracting textural features using GLCM, spatial features using PSI and SFS, and applying feature selection using S-Index. Supervised neural network classifiers like k-NN, BPNN and PCNN are tested on a Landsat image of Brazil and compared to unsupervised techniques. Results show BPNN achieved the highest classification accuracy.
Comparative study on image fusion methods in spatial domainIAEME Publication
This document provides a comparative study of various image fusion methods in the spatial domain. It begins by introducing image fusion and its applications. Section 2 then describes several common fusion algorithms in the spatial domain, including average, select maximum/minimum, Brovey transform, intensity hue saturation (IHS), and principal component analysis (PCA). Section 3 defines image fusion quality measures like entropy, mean squared error, and normalized cross correlation. Section 4 provides a comparative analysis of the spatial domain fusion techniques based on parameters like simplicity, type of resources, and disadvantages. It finds that spatial domain methods provide high spatial resolution but have issues like image blurring and producing less informative outputs. The document concludes that while the best algorithm depends on the problem, spatial
This document discusses a proposed approach for multi-focus image fusion using a discrete cosine wavelet sharpness criterion. Multi-focus image fusion combines information from multiple images of the same scene to produce an "all-in-focus" image. The proposed approach uses a discrete cosine transform to calculate sharpness values for sub-blocks of the input images and selects the sharpest sub-blocks to include in the fused image. Experimental results on images of a clock, bottle, and book show the discrete cosine wavelet criterion produces fused images with higher quality than a bilateral gradient-based sharpness criterion, as measured by mutual information metrics.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Artificial Neural Networks and Convolutional N...IRJET Journal
This document discusses and compares artificial neural networks and convolutional neural networks for crop disease detection using images. It first provides background on the importance of early crop disease detection in India. It then describes the image preprocessing, segmentation, and feature extraction steps involved, including converting to HSV color space and extracting texture features using GLCM. Artificial neural networks and convolutional neural networks are introduced for classification. The document conducts a literature review on previous work related to image preprocessing techniques, segmentation algorithms like K-means clustering, and feature extraction methods. In summary, it analyzes the process of detecting crop diseases from images using machine learning techniques.
Improved Weighted Least Square Filter Based Pan Sharpening using Fuzzy LogicIRJET Journal
This document discusses an improved weighted least squares (WLS) filter-based pan sharpening method using fuzzy logic. It aims to address limitations of prior work by integrating an improved principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm with fuzzy logic for image fusion. The proposed algorithm is implemented in MATLAB using image processing toolbox. Comparative analysis shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm based on various performance metrics. It combines useful information from multi-focus images to generate a fused image with better quality.
IRJET - Change Detection in Satellite Images using Convolutional Neural N...IRJET Journal
The document describes a method for detecting changes in satellite images using convolutional neural networks. It discusses how existing methods have limitations in terms of accuracy and speed. The proposed method uses preprocessing techniques like median filtering and non-local means filtering. It then applies convolutional neural networks to extracted compressed image features and classify detected changes. The method forms a difference image without explicitly training on change images, making it unsupervised. Testing achieved 91.63% accuracy in change detection, showing the effectiveness of the proposed convolutional neural network approach.
Image enhancement is one of the challenging issues in image processing. The objective of Image enhancement is to process an image so that result is more suitable than original image for specific application. Digital image enhancement techniques provide a lot of choices for improving the visual quality of images. Appropriate choice of such techniques is very important. This paper will provide an overview and analysis of different techniques commonly used for image enhancement. Image enhancement plays a fundamental role in vision applications. Recently much work is completed in the field of images enhancement. Many techniques have previously been proposed up to now for enhancing the digital images. In this paper, a survey on various image enhancement techniques has been done.
IRJET - Symmetric Image Registration based on Intensity and Spatial Informati...IRJET Journal
This document presents a proposed system for symmetric image registration based on intensity and spatial information using a technique called the Coloured Simple Algebraic Algorithm (CSAA). The system first preprocesses color images, extracts features, then classifies images as symmetric or asymmetric using a neural network. It is shown to provide accurate and robust registration of medical and biomedical images. The system is implemented and evaluated on sample images, demonstrating it can successfully identify symmetric versus asymmetric images. The proposed approach aims to improve on existing techniques for intensity-based image registration tasks.
This document describes a method for pixel-level image fusion using principal component analysis (PCA). PCA is used to transform correlated image pixels into a set of uncorrelated principal components. The first principal component accounts for the most variance in the pixel values. To fuse images, the pixels of the input images are arranged into vectors and subtracted from their mean. PCA is applied to get the eigenvectors corresponding to the largest eigenvalues. The normalized eigenvectors are used to compute a fused image as a weighted sum of the input images. Performance is evaluated using metrics like standard deviation, entropy, cross-entropy, and fusion mutual information, with higher values of these metrics indicating better quality of the fused image.
This document reviews techniques for multi-image morphing. It discusses early cross-dissolve morphing methods and their limitations. Mesh warping and field morphing are introduced as improved techniques that use control points and line mappings to better align images during transition. The document also summarizes point distribution, critical point filters, and other common morphing methods. It concludes by noting that effective morphing requires mechanisms for feature specification, warp generation, and transition control.
Performance Analysis of Spatial and Frequency Domain Multiple Data Embedding ...CSCJournals
Data hiding is an age-old technique used to hide data in an image. Several attacks are prevalent to hack the data hidden inside the image. Considerable researches are going on in this area to protect the hidden data from unauthorized access. The current work is focused towards studying the behavior of Spatial and Frequency Domain Multiple data embedding techniques towards noise prone channels enabling the user to select an optimal embedding technique. The Performance of the above techniques is also focused towards multiple embedded data inside a single cover image. The robustness of the watermark is tested by incorporating several attacks and testing the watermark strength.
IRJET- Heuristic Approach for Low Light Image Enhancement using Deep LearningIRJET Journal
This document discusses a deep learning approach for enhancing low light images. It begins by describing the challenges of low light imaging such as low signal-to-noise ratio and increased noise. It then reviews existing image enhancement and denoising techniques that have limitations under extreme low light conditions. The proposed approach uses a convolutional neural network trained on a dataset of low and high exposure image pairs to learn an end-to-end image processing pipeline directly from raw sensor data. This aims to better handle noise and color biases compared to traditional pipelines. The goals are to enhance short exposure images while suppressing noise and applying proper color transformations.
A Novel Color Image Fusion for Multi Sensor Night Vision ImagesEditor IJCATR
In this paper presents a simple and fast color fusion approach for night vision images. Image fusion involves merging of two
or more images in such a way, to get the most advantageous characteristics of each image. Here the Visible image is fused with the
InfraRed (IR) image, so the desired result will be single, highly informative image providing full information. This paper focuses on
color constancy and color contrast problem.
Firstly the contrast of the infrared and visible image is enhanced using Local Histogram Equation. Then the two enhanced
images are fused in three compounds of a LAB image using aDWT image fusion. This paper adopts an approach which transfer color
from the reference image to the fused image using Color Transfer Technology. To enhance the contrast between the target and the
background, a scaling factor is introduced in the transferring equation in the b channel. Finally our approach gives the Multiband
Fused image with the natural day-time color appearance and the hot targets are popped out with intense colors while the background
details present with the natural color appearance.
This document discusses image fusion techniques at different levels of abstraction: pixel level, feature level, and decision level. It describes various fusion methods including numerical (e.g. multiplicative, Brovey), color related (e.g. IHS), statistical (e.g. PCA, Gram Schmidt), and feature level (e.g. Ehlers) techniques. Both qualitative (visual) and quantitative (statistical measures like RMSE, correlation coefficient, entropy) methods to assess fusion quality are outlined. Image fusion has applications in improving classification and displaying sharper resolution images.
This document discusses techniques for enhancing thermal images, including converting to grayscale, histogram equalization, linear and adaptive filtering, and morphological operations. Histogram equalization spreads pixel intensities over the full range to improve contrast. Linear filtering is used for smoothing, sharpening and edge enhancement, while adaptive filtering better preserves edges. Morphological operations use a structuring element to quantify how well an element fits in an image. Fourier transforms change the image domain and can restore images through inverse transforms. The techniques can improve image quality for applications like quality control and diagnostics.
Survey on Various Image Denoising TechniquesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several techniques for image denoising. It begins by defining image noise and explaining how noise degrades image quality. It then reviews 7 different published techniques for image denoising, summarizing the key aspects of each technique. These include methods using local spectral component decomposition, SVD-based denoising, patch-based near-optimal denoising, LPG-PCA denoising, trivariate shrinkage filtering, SURE-LET denoising, and 3D transform-domain collaborative filtering. The document concludes that LSCD provides better denoising results according to PSNR analysis and provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in image denoising techniques.
This document discusses a hand gesture recognition system for underprivileged individuals. It begins by outlining the key steps in hand gesture recognition systems: image capture, pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction and gesture recognition. It then goes into more detail on specific techniques for each step, such as thresholding and edge detection for segmentation. The document also covers applications like access control, sign language translation and future areas like biometric authentication. In conclusion, it proposes that hand gesture recognition can help disabled individuals communicate through accessible human-computer interaction.
Removal of Unwanted Objects using Image Inpainting - a Technical ReviewIJERA Editor
Image In painting, the technique to change image in undetectable structure, it itself is an ancient art. There are
various goals and applications of image in painting which includes restoration of damaged painting and also to
replace/remove the selected objects. This paper, describes various techniques that can help in removing
unwanted objects from image. Even the in painting fundamentals are directly further, most inpainting techniques
available in the literature are difficult to understand and implement.
Orientation Spectral Resolution Coding for Pattern RecognitionIOSRjournaljce
In the approach of pattern recognition, feature descriptions are of greater importance. Features are represented in spatial domain and transformed domain. Wherein, spatial domain features are of lower representation, transformed domains are finer and more informative. In the transformed domain representation, features are represented using spectral coding using advanced transformation technique such as wavelet transformation. However, the feature extraction approach considers the band coefficients; the orientation variation is not considered. In this paper towards inherent orientation variation among each spectral band is derived, and the approach of orientation filtration is made for effective feature representation. The obtained result illustrates an improvement in the recognition accuracy, in comparison to conventional retrieval system.
Modified adaptive bilateral filter for image contrast enhancementeSAT Publishing House
This paper proposes a two-phase method for removing noise and enhancing image resolution using an adaptive bilateral filter. In the first phase, total variation regularization is used to identify pixels likely contaminated by noise. In the second phase, the image is reconstructed by applying an adaptive technique only to candidate pixels identified for enhancement. Experimental results show the proposed method performs better than median-based filters or edge-preserving regularization methods at preserving texture, details and edges even at high noise levels.
This document discusses image fusion techniques for medical diagnostic images. It describes how computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide different but complementary information about tissues. Image fusion combines CT and MRI scans into a single image to leverage the advantages of both modalities. The document outlines a specific fusion method using discrete wavelet transform for decomposition and self-organizing feature mapping neural network for feature recognition and extraction from the decomposed images. The advantages of this method are discussed as well as one drawback.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes a research paper that compares different classification techniques for remotely sensed Landsat images. It discusses extracting textural features using GLCM, spatial features using PSI and SFS, and applying feature selection using S-Index. Supervised neural network classifiers like k-NN, BPNN and PCNN are tested on a Landsat image of Brazil and compared to unsupervised techniques. Results show BPNN achieved the highest classification accuracy.
Comparative study on image fusion methods in spatial domainIAEME Publication
This document provides a comparative study of various image fusion methods in the spatial domain. It begins by introducing image fusion and its applications. Section 2 then describes several common fusion algorithms in the spatial domain, including average, select maximum/minimum, Brovey transform, intensity hue saturation (IHS), and principal component analysis (PCA). Section 3 defines image fusion quality measures like entropy, mean squared error, and normalized cross correlation. Section 4 provides a comparative analysis of the spatial domain fusion techniques based on parameters like simplicity, type of resources, and disadvantages. It finds that spatial domain methods provide high spatial resolution but have issues like image blurring and producing less informative outputs. The document concludes that while the best algorithm depends on the problem, spatial
This document discusses a proposed approach for multi-focus image fusion using a discrete cosine wavelet sharpness criterion. Multi-focus image fusion combines information from multiple images of the same scene to produce an "all-in-focus" image. The proposed approach uses a discrete cosine transform to calculate sharpness values for sub-blocks of the input images and selects the sharpest sub-blocks to include in the fused image. Experimental results on images of a clock, bottle, and book show the discrete cosine wavelet criterion produces fused images with higher quality than a bilateral gradient-based sharpness criterion, as measured by mutual information metrics.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Artificial Neural Networks and Convolutional N...IRJET Journal
This document discusses and compares artificial neural networks and convolutional neural networks for crop disease detection using images. It first provides background on the importance of early crop disease detection in India. It then describes the image preprocessing, segmentation, and feature extraction steps involved, including converting to HSV color space and extracting texture features using GLCM. Artificial neural networks and convolutional neural networks are introduced for classification. The document conducts a literature review on previous work related to image preprocessing techniques, segmentation algorithms like K-means clustering, and feature extraction methods. In summary, it analyzes the process of detecting crop diseases from images using machine learning techniques.
Improved Weighted Least Square Filter Based Pan Sharpening using Fuzzy LogicIRJET Journal
This document discusses an improved weighted least squares (WLS) filter-based pan sharpening method using fuzzy logic. It aims to address limitations of prior work by integrating an improved principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm with fuzzy logic for image fusion. The proposed algorithm is implemented in MATLAB using image processing toolbox. Comparative analysis shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm based on various performance metrics. It combines useful information from multi-focus images to generate a fused image with better quality.
IRJET - Change Detection in Satellite Images using Convolutional Neural N...IRJET Journal
The document describes a method for detecting changes in satellite images using convolutional neural networks. It discusses how existing methods have limitations in terms of accuracy and speed. The proposed method uses preprocessing techniques like median filtering and non-local means filtering. It then applies convolutional neural networks to extracted compressed image features and classify detected changes. The method forms a difference image without explicitly training on change images, making it unsupervised. Testing achieved 91.63% accuracy in change detection, showing the effectiveness of the proposed convolutional neural network approach.
A Review of Image Contrast Enhancement TechniquesIRJET Journal
This document reviews several techniques for image contrast enhancement. It begins with an introduction to image enhancement and its goals of improving visual appearance and clarity. The paper then surveys key approaches for contrast enhancement including histogram equalization, discrete wavelet transform, and other spatial and frequency domain methods. Finally, the conclusion is that contrast enhancement using digital image processing continues to be an active area of research that can help solve problems across many fields involving image analysis.
IRJET- Robust Edge Detection using Moore’s Algorithm with Median FilterIRJET Journal
The document proposes a robust edge detection method using Moore's algorithm with median filtering. It performs foreground detection on input images to segment the foreground from background. Moore's neighbor algorithm is then used to trace boundaries and detect edges. Median filtering is also applied to remove noise while preserving edges. The method is tested on BSD dataset images and evaluated based on metrics like PSNR, SNR, RMSE, etc. Results show the proposed method performs better edge detection compared to modified Moore's algorithm, Canny Moore, and Sobel Moore approaches.
The Computation Complexity Reduction of 2-D Gaussian FilterIRJET Journal
This document discusses reducing the computational complexity of a 2D Gaussian filter for image smoothing. It begins with an abstract that notes 2D Gaussian filters are commonly used for image smoothing but require heavy computational resources. It then proposes using fixed-point arithmetic rather than floating point to implement the filter on an FPGA, which can increase efficiency and decrease area and complexity. The document is divided into sections that cover the theory behind image filtering, image smoothing and sharpening, quality metrics for evaluation, and an energy scalable Gaussian smoothing filter architecture. It concludes by discussing results and benefits of implementing the filter using fixed-point arithmetic on an FPGA.
IRJET- Performance Analysis of Non Linear Filtering for Image DenoisingIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new approach for image denoising using non-linear filtering. It begins with an introduction to image noise and denoising techniques. It then discusses using wavelet edge detection and non-linear filtering based on thresholding to enhance noisy images. The methodology applies wavelet transformation to identify corrupted regions, uses a "swarm filter" to replace pixel values in that region with similar values from uncorrupted areas. Results show this approach improves PSNR and lowers MSE compared to existing edge detection and wavelet transform methods, better preserving image features while reducing noise.
A Novel Framework For Preprocessing Of Breast Ultra Sound Images By Combining...IRJET Journal
The document presents a novel framework for preprocessing breast ultrasound images that combines non-local means filtering and morphological operations. Non-local means filtering is used to reduce speckle noise, which is a significant issue for ultrasound images. Then morphological techniques are applied to enhance the noise-reduced images. The framework achieves peak signal-to-noise ratios of 60-80 decibels when tested on real breast ultrasound images. It provides an effective method for preprocessing ultrasound images to reduce noise and improve image quality.
An Inclusive Analysis on Various Image Enhancement TechniquesIJMER
The document discusses various techniques for image enhancement, which is the process of improving the visual quality of digital images. It describes several techniques including filtering with morphological operators, histogram equalization, noise removal using a Wiener filter, linear contrast enhancement, median filtering, unsharp mask filtering, contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization, and decorrelation stretch. These techniques can be used to enhance images by reducing noise, increasing contrast, sharpening edges, and highlighting subtle differences to improve interpretability. The choice of enhancement technique depends on the image content and intended application.
Image fusion is a sub field of image processing in which more than one images are fused to create an image where all the objects are in focus. The process of image fusion is performed for multi-sensor and multi-focus images of the same scene. Multi-sensor images of the same scene are captured by different sensors whereas multi-focus images are captured by the same sensor. In multi-focus images, the objects in the scene which are closer to the camera are in focus and the farther objects get blurred. Contrary to it, when the farther objects are focused then closer objects get blurred in the image. To achieve an image where all the objects are in focus, the process of images fusion is performed either in spatial domain or in transformed domain. In recent times, the applications of image processing have grown immensely. Usually due to limited depth of field of optical lenses especially with greater focal length, it becomes impossible to obtain an image where all the objects are in focus. Thus, it plays an important role to perform other tasks of image processing such as image segmentation, edge detection, stereo matching and image enhancement. Hence, a novel feature-level multi-focus image fusion technique has been proposed which fuses multi-focus images. Thus, the results of extensive experimentation performed to highlight the efficiency and utility of the proposed technique is presented. The proposed work further explores comparison between fuzzy based image fusion and neuro fuzzy fusion technique along with quality evaluation indices.
Irjet v4 i736Tumor Segmentation using Improved Watershed Transform for the Ap...IRJET Journal
This document presents a method for tumor segmentation in mammogram images using an improved watershed transform algorithm followed by image compression. The key steps are:
1. Pre-processing is applied to remove noise from mammogram images.
2. An improved watershed transform algorithm using prior information is used to segment tumors from the images.
3. Discrete cosine transform is then applied to compress the segmented regions at different rates depending on their importance, to reduce image size while preserving important features.
Experimental results show the method effectively segments tumors and compresses mammogram images for efficient storage while maintaining quality.
Image enhancement plays an important role in vision applications. Recently a lot of work has been performed in the field of image enhancement. Many techniques have already been proposed till now for enhancing the digital images. This paper has presented a comparative analysis of various image enhancement techniques. This paper has shown that the fuzzy logic and histogram based techniques have quite effective results over the available techniques. This paper ends up with suitable future directions to enhance fuzzy based image enhancement technique further. In the proposed technique, an approach is made to enhance the images other than low-contrast images as well by balancing the stretching parameter (K) according to the color contrast. Proposed technique is designed to restore the degraded edges resulted due to contrast enhancement as well.
Fingerprint image enhancement is the key process in IAFIS systems. In order to reduce false identification ratio and to supply good fingerprint images to IAFIS systems for exact identification, fingerprint images are generally enhanced. A filtering process tries to filter out the noise from the input image, and emphasize on low, high and directional spatial frequency components of an image. This paper presents an experimental summary of enhancing fingerprint images using Gabor filters. Frequency, width and window domain filter ranges are fixed. The orientation angle alone is modified by 0 radians, π/2, π/4 and 3π/4 radians. The experimental results show that Gabor filter enhances the fingerprint image in a better way than other filtering methods and extracts features.
IRJET- Exploring Image Super Resolution TechniquesIRJET Journal
This document discusses image super resolution techniques. It begins by defining super resolution as a technique that reconstructs a high resolution image from low resolution images. It then provides an overview of different super resolution methods including interpolation-based, reconstruction-based, and example-based (machine learning) techniques. The document evaluates state-of-the-art super resolution generative adversarial network (SRGAN) methods and their ability to generate realistic high resolution images from low resolution inputs. It also reviews the history and compares different super resolution techniques.
Performance of Weighted Least Square Filter Based Pan Sharpening using Fuzzy ...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a new algorithm for pan sharpening images that combines weighted least squares filtering with fuzzy logic. It summarizes previous research on image fusion techniques like principal component analysis and discrete cosine transformation. The proposed algorithm applies fuzzy logic to evaluate membership functions and attain a pan sharpened image. It then uses a weighted least squares filter for pan sharpening. The algorithm is implemented in MATLAB and evaluated based on metrics like root mean square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and mean square error. Results show the proposed technique improves upon existing methods by reducing errors and increasing quality measurements of the fused images.
Image Enhancement using Guided Filter for under Exposed ImagesDr. Amarjeet Singh
Image enhancement becomes an important step to
improve the quality of image and change in the appearance of
the image in such a way that either a human or a machine can
fetch certain information from the image after a change. Due
to low contrast images it becomes very difficult to get any
information out of it. In today’s digital world of imaging
image enhancement is a very useful in various applications
ranging from electronics printing to recognition. For highly
underexposed region, intensity bin are present in darken
region that’s by such images lacks in saturation and suffers
from low intensity. Power law transformation provides
solution to this problem. It enhances the brightness so as
image at least becomes visible. To modify the intensity level
histogram equalization can be used. In this we can apply
cumulative density function and probabilistic density function
so as to divide the image into sub images.
In proposed approach to provide betterment in
results guided filter has been applied to images after
equalization so that we can get better Entropy rate and
Coefficient of correlation can be improved with previously
available techniques. The guided filter is derived from local
linear model. The guided filter computes the filtering output
by considering the content of guidance image, which can be
the image itself or other targeted image.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of MSE and PSNR Q-Factor with Cameraman, Lena and...IRJET Journal
This document compares the mean squared error (MSE) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of images compressed with JPEG compression and with additional median filtering. It analyzes three test images - Cameraman, Lena, and Pentagon - compressed at different quality factors. The results show that MSE is lower (better) and PSNR is higher (better) when median filtering is applied after JPEG compression compared to JPEG compression alone, indicating improved image quality with the additional filtering step. As the compression quality factor increases (lower compression), MSE decreases and PSNR increases for both the standard JPEG and proposed median filtering method.
This document summarizes a paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management. The paper proposes using discrete wavelet transform techniques for pixel-based fusion of multi-focus images. It discusses registering the images and then applying pixel-level fusion methods like average, minimum and maximum approaches. It also introduces a wavelet-based fusion method that decomposes images into different frequency bands for fusion. The goal is to produce a single fused image that has the maximum information and focus from the input images.
Image De-noising and Enhancement for Salt and Pepper Noise using Genetic Algo...IDES Editor
Image Enhancement through De-noising is one of
the most important applications of Digital Image Processing
and is still a challenging problem. Images are often received
in defective conditions due to usage of Poor image sensors,
poor data acquisition process and transmission errors etc.,
which creates problems for the subsequent process to
understand such images. The proposed Genetic filter is capable
of removing noise while preserving the fine details, as well as
structural image content. It can be divided into: (i) de-noising
filtering, and (ii) enhancement filtering. Image Denoising
and enhancement are essential part of any image processing
system, whether the processed information is utilized for visual
interpretation or for automatic analysis. The Experimental
results performed on a set of standard test images for a wide
range of noise corruption levels shows that the proposed filter
outperforms standard procedures for salt and pepper removal
both visually and in terms of performance measures such as
PSNR.Genetic algorithms will definitely helpful in solving
various complex image processing tasks in the future.
Image Denoising of various images Using Wavelet Transform and Thresholding Te...IRJET Journal
The document discusses image denoising using wavelet transforms and thresholding techniques. It first provides background on image denoising and wavelet transforms. It then reviews several existing studies that used wavelet transforms like Haar, db4, and sym4 along with thresholding to denoise images corrupted with Gaussian and salt-and-pepper noise. Next, it describes the proposed denoising algorithm which involves adding noise to test images, decomposing the noisy images using different wavelet transforms, applying thresholding, and calculating metrics like PSNR to evaluate performance. The algorithm aims to eliminate noise in the wavelet domain using soft and hard thresholding followed by reconstruction.
Similar to IRJET- Enhancement of Image using Fuzzy Inference System for Remotely Sensed Multi-Temporal Images (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.