1) The document describes the design validation and optimization of a single sheave pulley used for lifting cable stock bundles.
2) A baseline pulley design is analyzed using finite element analysis software ABAQUS to evaluate its load capacity. The analysis found the design to be overdesigned with stress levels below requirements, allowing for material removal.
3) An optimization study was performed to determine how much material could be removed from the baseline design. The optimization found that up to 40% of material could be removed, substantially reducing the cost.
IRJET- Design Optimization and Analysis of a One Piece Composite Drive Shaft ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design optimization and analysis of a composite drive shaft for the rear wheel of a vehicle. Finite element analysis was conducted on a one-piece composite drive shaft modelled in ANSYS to analyze stresses, deformations, natural frequencies and fatigue life. Static analysis showed that a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) drive shaft had lower weight, stresses and deformation compared to steel and aluminum alternatives. Modal analysis determined the first six natural frequencies. Fatigue life estimation using the Goodman diagram predicted a life of over 1 million cycles for the CFRP drive shaft. The conclusion is that CFRRP is the best material among the alternatives due to its lower weight and improved performance, though it has a higher cost.
The document describes the structural optimization of an SAE Baja car frame through analysis of frontal, side, roll-over, torsional, and combined impacts. Frontal impact analysis was performed first due to its severity. The frame was loaded with a 33.33 kN force and optimized to minimize mass. Key members were found with stresses over 230 MPa and their inner and outer radii were parameterized for optimization. The optimized frontal design was then used for further analyses and optimizations of side impact, roll-over, modal frequencies, torsional loading, and a system integration study. Mass convergence and stress plots show the optimization process.
This is a Major Project Report successfully done at DVRCET under the guidance of Mechanical Engineering Department & the Managing Director of NIRAJA TECHNOLOGIES located at Uppal (Hyderabad).
Stress analysis on steering knuckle of the automobile steering systemeSAT Publishing House
The document summarizes stress analysis performed on an automobile steering knuckle. It first describes the modeling of the steering knuckle using CAD software and applying loads equivalent to real-world conditions. A finite element analysis is then carried out to determine stress distributions and areas of high stress. The results show maximum stress concentrations that need to be considered in the steering knuckle design to avoid frequent failures and improve reliability.
Modeling, simulation and optimization analysis of steering knuckle component ...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study that modeled, simulated, and optimized the design of a steering knuckle component for a race car. Five initial CAD models of the steering knuckle were created and analyzed using finite element analysis to determine stresses, displacements, and weights. The best design was then optimized using shape optimization software to reduce weight while maintaining strength. The optimized design achieved a 45.8% reduction in mass while still meeting strength requirements.
Fatigue or Durability Analysis of Steering Knuckleijsrd.com
This document discusses fatigue or durability analysis of steering knuckles. It explains that structural components like steering knuckles need to withstand constant fluctuating loads over time. Fatigue analysis evaluates failure based on repeated loading rather than just material strength. Steering knuckles experience multiaxial loads from multiple directions from components like the strut mount, lower ball joint, and steering rod. Accurately analyzing fatigue damage requires identifying these multiaxial stresses. The document aims to analyze the random loads acting on a vehicle's steering knuckle under unstable road conditions.
Analysis of Rack and Pinion under dynamic conditionsnagaraju kondrasi
Based on physical and thermal properties graphite cast iron has got more strength than sand cast Mg alloy and it is clear from the results that the load carrying capacity of former is larger than the later. Hence Graphite cast iron is preferred for the manufacture of rack and pinion.
In static structural analysis the total deformation and von - mises stresses are more in sand cast Mg alloy than graphite cast iron. Hence graphite cast iron has better strength than Sand cast Mg alloy.
In modal analysis the number mode shapes are higher for graphite cast iron than sand cast Mg alloy.
Under transient conditions the total deformation of Graphite CI is less than that of Sand cast mg alloy. Hence former is preferred under Transient conditions.
Under fatigue loads the damage is more in sand cast Mg alloy. Hence graphite CI is preferred for manufacturing of Rack and pinion.
Hence Keeping all the analysis in view the graphite cast iron is preferred over sand cast Mg alloy.
IRJET- Design Optimization and Analysis of a One Piece Composite Drive Shaft ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design optimization and analysis of a composite drive shaft for the rear wheel of a vehicle. Finite element analysis was conducted on a one-piece composite drive shaft modelled in ANSYS to analyze stresses, deformations, natural frequencies and fatigue life. Static analysis showed that a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) drive shaft had lower weight, stresses and deformation compared to steel and aluminum alternatives. Modal analysis determined the first six natural frequencies. Fatigue life estimation using the Goodman diagram predicted a life of over 1 million cycles for the CFRP drive shaft. The conclusion is that CFRRP is the best material among the alternatives due to its lower weight and improved performance, though it has a higher cost.
The document describes the structural optimization of an SAE Baja car frame through analysis of frontal, side, roll-over, torsional, and combined impacts. Frontal impact analysis was performed first due to its severity. The frame was loaded with a 33.33 kN force and optimized to minimize mass. Key members were found with stresses over 230 MPa and their inner and outer radii were parameterized for optimization. The optimized frontal design was then used for further analyses and optimizations of side impact, roll-over, modal frequencies, torsional loading, and a system integration study. Mass convergence and stress plots show the optimization process.
This is a Major Project Report successfully done at DVRCET under the guidance of Mechanical Engineering Department & the Managing Director of NIRAJA TECHNOLOGIES located at Uppal (Hyderabad).
Stress analysis on steering knuckle of the automobile steering systemeSAT Publishing House
The document summarizes stress analysis performed on an automobile steering knuckle. It first describes the modeling of the steering knuckle using CAD software and applying loads equivalent to real-world conditions. A finite element analysis is then carried out to determine stress distributions and areas of high stress. The results show maximum stress concentrations that need to be considered in the steering knuckle design to avoid frequent failures and improve reliability.
Modeling, simulation and optimization analysis of steering knuckle component ...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study that modeled, simulated, and optimized the design of a steering knuckle component for a race car. Five initial CAD models of the steering knuckle were created and analyzed using finite element analysis to determine stresses, displacements, and weights. The best design was then optimized using shape optimization software to reduce weight while maintaining strength. The optimized design achieved a 45.8% reduction in mass while still meeting strength requirements.
Fatigue or Durability Analysis of Steering Knuckleijsrd.com
This document discusses fatigue or durability analysis of steering knuckles. It explains that structural components like steering knuckles need to withstand constant fluctuating loads over time. Fatigue analysis evaluates failure based on repeated loading rather than just material strength. Steering knuckles experience multiaxial loads from multiple directions from components like the strut mount, lower ball joint, and steering rod. Accurately analyzing fatigue damage requires identifying these multiaxial stresses. The document aims to analyze the random loads acting on a vehicle's steering knuckle under unstable road conditions.
Analysis of Rack and Pinion under dynamic conditionsnagaraju kondrasi
Based on physical and thermal properties graphite cast iron has got more strength than sand cast Mg alloy and it is clear from the results that the load carrying capacity of former is larger than the later. Hence Graphite cast iron is preferred for the manufacture of rack and pinion.
In static structural analysis the total deformation and von - mises stresses are more in sand cast Mg alloy than graphite cast iron. Hence graphite cast iron has better strength than Sand cast Mg alloy.
In modal analysis the number mode shapes are higher for graphite cast iron than sand cast Mg alloy.
Under transient conditions the total deformation of Graphite CI is less than that of Sand cast mg alloy. Hence former is preferred under Transient conditions.
Under fatigue loads the damage is more in sand cast Mg alloy. Hence graphite CI is preferred for manufacturing of Rack and pinion.
Hence Keeping all the analysis in view the graphite cast iron is preferred over sand cast Mg alloy.
Static & Dynamic Analysis of Spur Gear using Different MaterialsIRJET Journal
The document describes a study analyzing the static and dynamic behavior of a spur gear made from different materials using finite element analysis. A spur gear model is created in Solidworks and imported into ANSYS for static structural and modal analysis. The static analysis determines deformation and stresses under torque loading, while modal analysis determines natural frequencies and mode shapes. Analysis is performed for structural steel, gray cast iron, aluminum alloy, and epoxy glass composite materials. Results show the composite material has the lowest deformation and weight but higher stresses compared to the metal materials. The natural frequencies are also reported for different materials.
IRJET- Transient Dynamic Analysis and Optimization of a Piston in an Automobi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that performed transient dynamic analysis and optimization of a piston in an automobile engine. The study used finite element analysis software to create a 3D model of the piston, apply appropriate loads and boundary conditions, and analyze stresses, natural frequencies, mode shapes, and transient dynamic response. The analysis found the maximum stresses on the piston to be 280 MPa under static loading. Modal analysis determined the first three natural frequencies. Transient dynamic analysis calculated a maximum dynamic displacement of 1.66 mm with a dynamic amplification factor of 1.3 under loading over 4.9 milliseconds. Finally, optimization was performed to reduce piston weight and size without affecting its characteristics or increasing stresses beyond safe limits.
The document describes the design of a chain tensioner for an FSAE car. Four chain tensioner designs were considered: rigid differential mount, spring tensioner, indexable pivot tensioner, and eccentric chain tensioner. A Pugh chart was used to compare the designs based on criteria like weight, manufacturability, adjustability, etc. The eccentric chain tensioner scored highest as it allows high adjustability while maintaining robustness. Finite element analysis confirmed the safety of the eccentric hub and differential mount designs. The final eccentric tensioner design includes a split hub that provides 16mm of tensioning adjustment through its 36 holes mating with the 32 holes on the differential mount. This ensures proper chain tensioning and alignment of the differential
IRJET- Analysis of Stress and Bending Strength of Involutes Spur Gears with F...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes and compares the bending stress and strength of asymmetric and symmetric spur gear profiles through finite element analysis. It develops a computer program to estimate the variation of maximum bending stress and contact ratio based on tooth number and drive side pressure angle for asymmetric gears. The FEM analysis shows that asymmetric teeth have lower bending stress than symmetric teeth. It also confirms that increasing the drive side pressure angle decreases bending stress and increases load capacity. While the maximum bending stress value changes with the gear profile, the location of maximum bending stress remains the same in FEM analysis for both asymmetric and symmetric gears. The document concludes that optimizing the fillet profile of asymmetric gears can further reduce bending stress levels.
IRJET - Analysis and Designing of Diaphragm Spring WashersIRJET Journal
This document analyzes and designs diaphragm spring washers through numerical analysis and finite element analysis (FEA). It analyzes four cases of diaphragm springs with different height to thickness (h/t) ratios of 0.4, 0.7, 1.04, and 1.4. The FEA results for deformation, stress, and strain are presented for each case. The maximum deformation, stress, and strain values increase as the h/t ratio increases from 0.4 to 1.04. The document concludes that the FEA results agree well with numerical results and can be used for similar applications in the future.
IRJET- Design & Manufacturing of Double Wishbone Suspension and Wheel Ass...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and manufacturing of a double wishbone suspension system and wheel assembly for a formula-style electric vehicle. It discusses the objectives to withstand high-speed cornering over bumps. The methodology includes designing the components in CATIA and SolidWorks, analyzing them in ANSYS and simulating the suspension system in MSC ADAMS. The key components designed are the wishbones, upright, hub, and spring. Materials are selected based on objectives like strength and weight. Static analysis of the wheel assembly and simulation of the suspension kinematics are presented. The manufacturing process of the wishbones by cutting, grinding, fitting and welding is also outlined.
The document describes the mechanical design of a connecting rod for a Ferrari F136 F engine. An analytical load analysis was performed using MATLAB to determine loads on the connecting rod. A beam theory analysis found maximum stresses and buckling safety factors. A preliminary 2D design was modeled and analyzed using finite element analysis in COMSOL, finding a yield safety factor of 1.19. Design iterations increased this to 2.62 and improved fatigue life. A final 3D model analyzed in Abaqus yielded a safety factor of 1.97 against static yield.
This document provides a summary of structural finite element modeling (FEM) analyses conducted by Krishna Prasad for various offshore structures. It lists projects analyzing topside structures, spudcans, jackcases, crane pedestals, trunions, and helidecks. For each project, it describes the objectives, modeling approach, and key results plots. The analyses were used to evaluate structural integrity and calculate stress concentration factors under critical load cases.
Stress Analysis of I.C.Engine Connecting Rod by FEM and PhotoelasticityIOSR Journals
Abstract: The automobile engine connecting rod is a high volume production critical component. Every vehicle
that uses an internal combustion engine requires at least one connecting rod .From the viewpoint of
functionality, connecting rods must have the highest possible rigidity at the lowest weight. The major stress
induced in the connecting rod is a combination of axial and bending stresses in operation. The axial stresses are
produced due to cylinder gas pressure (compressive only) and the inertia force arising in account of
reciprocating action (both tensile as well as compressive), where as bending stresses are caused due to the
centrifugal effects. The result of which is, the maximum stresses are developed at the fillet section of the big and
the small end.Hence, the paper deals with the stress analysis of connecting rod by Finite Element Method using
Pro/E Wildfire 4.0 and ANSYS WORKBENCH 11.0 software. The comparison and verification of the results
obtained in FEA is done experimentally by the method of Photo elasticity(Optical Method). The method of
Photoelasticity includes the casting of Photoelastic sheet using Resin AY103 and Hardner HY951, preparation
of the model from Photoelastic sheet calibration of the sheet to determine material fringe value.
Keywords - Big End fillet section ,Connecting Rod, Compressive Stresses , Failure of Connecting Rod, FEA,
Photoelasticity, Small End fillet section, Tensile Stresses.
This document discusses the design of a rack and pinion gear system for a railway crossing gate. It outlines the objectives, need, and basic mechanism of a rack and pinion gear. The design methodology is explained, including design considerations, calculations, and material selection. Equations for determining forces on gear teeth, surface speed, strength, and wear are provided. Finally, the document summarizes the preliminary design of the pinion gear and next steps to design the rack.
IRJET- Design and Development of Kinematic Linkages Variable Speed DriveIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a kinematic linkages variable speed drive. It presents the synthesis, analysis, and review of a variable displacement four-bar crank-rocker-slider mechanism using low friction pin joints. The mechanism allows for stepless speed variation from 1/2 to 1/4 of the input speed under full load. It consists of four linkages, a pulley, motor, and movable screw for controlling the output shaft speed. Varying the position of the control link changes the oscillation degree of the output link to achieve different speeds. The mechanism's construction, working, design methodology, and individual component designs are discussed in detail. In conclusion, such drives can provide stepless speed
Design, Analysis and Simulation of Double Wishbone Suspension System for Form...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design, analysis, and simulation of a double wishbone suspension system for a formula student racing vehicle. The authors first discuss the basic parameters and requirements for the suspension system. They then describe the detailed design of the knuckle, wishbones, and helical coil spring. Finite element analysis is conducted on these components using ANSYS to analyze stresses and deformations. Finally, dynamic simulation of the full suspension system is performed using ADAMS software to analyze how kinematic parameters like camber angle and roll steer change with wheel travel. The results of the simulation match the designed parameters and help validate the suspension system design.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Steering Knuckle for Electric ATVIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a steering knuckle for an electric all-terrain vehicle (ATV). The steering knuckle was modeled in Solidworks and analyzed in ANSYS Workbench under different loading conditions. Three materials were considered for the knuckle: mild steel AISI 1018, aluminum alloy 6082-T6, and gray cast iron. After analyzing each material's deformation and factor of safety under the loads, mild steel AISI 1018 was selected due to having the highest factor of safety of 4.27 and lowest deformation of 0.090742 mm, indicating it can withstand the loads in the safest manner.
IRJET- FEM Analysis of Universal Joint of Bharath Benz DE210BS4IRJET Journal
1. The document presents a finite element analysis of the universal joint of a Bharath Benz DE210BS4 engine.
2. The analysis examines the total deformation and equivalent stress on the universal joint at different working angles from 5 to 40 degrees and with different materials including steel, carbon fiber, AISI 4140, and SAE 1130 when subjected to torques of 450Nm, 1000Nm, and 35000Nm.
3. The results found that the carbon fiber material experienced the least total deformation and equivalent stress compared to the other materials tested, indicating it could be better suited for further development of universal joints.
Design of Flat belt, V belt and chain drivesDr. L K Bhagi
Geometrical relationships, Analysis of belt tensions, Condition for maximum power transmission, Characteristics of belt drives, Selection of flat belt, V- belt, Selection of V belt, Roller chains, Geometrical relationship, Polygonal effect, Power rating of roller chains, Design of chain drive, Introduction to belt drives and belt construction, Introduction to chain drives
STRESS ANALYSIS OF SPUR GEAR BY USING ANSYS WORKBENCHSumit Nagar
The document discusses analyzing the stress on a spur gear using ANSYS Workbench. It begins by providing background on different types of gears and power transmission systems. It then describes spur gears in particular, including their structure, functions, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. The document outlines the objectives of performing finite element analysis on a spur gear model to minimize stresses at critical locations, validate results with experimental data, and compare to theoretical analyses. The goal is to optimize the gear shape to reduce stresses.
This document summarizes the design and standardization of a scissor jack to avoid failures in the field. It presents the objectives of modifying the current jack design to improve reliability and reduce costs. It also describes developing a mathematical model for scissor jack design using inputs like vehicle weight and ground clearance. The design process involves modeling the jack in CATIA and developing equations in MATLAB to size components like the power screw, links, and nuts based on applied loads and stresses. Testing procedures are outlined to validate the jack's performance under different load conditions.
The document discusses the design optimization and analysis of a propeller shaft using finite element analysis. It aims to replace conventional steel drive shafts with alloy materials to reduce weight. The researchers used AISI 8750 low alloy steel and optimized the design in ANSYS to minimize weight while ensuring sufficient performance under loads. Their analysis estimated deflection, stresses, and natural frequencies of both steel and alloy propeller shafts to compare performance and validate the optimized alloy design.
Deflection of Dual Rotor Wind Turbine Pinion Tooth by Numerical MethodIRJET Journal
The document discusses a numerical analysis of deflection in the pinion tooth of a dual rotor wind turbine. It begins with an introduction to gears and gearboxes, explaining their importance in mechanical power transmission systems. It then reviews previous literature on gear stress analysis methods. The methodology section describes how CAD software was used to model the pinion gear geometry, which was then imported into finite element analysis software for mesh generation and stress analysis. Results of the finite element analysis are presented, including analytical calculations of the maximum slope and deflection at the free end of the pinion tooth under a tangential force.
Finite Element Analysis of Connecting Rod for Two Wheeler and Optimization of...IRJET Journal
This document presents a finite element analysis of a connecting rod for a two-wheeler under static load conditions. A connecting rod from a Hero Splendor motorcycle was modeled in CREO and analyzed in ANSYS. Two materials, C70S6 steel and structural steel, were considered. For each material, the maximum and minimum von Mises stress, principal stress, elastic strain, shear stress, and total deformation under an applied load of 677N were determined. For C70S6 steel, the maximum total deformation was 0.01271 mm and minimum was 0.00164 mm. The maximum elastic strain was 1.960×10^-4 and minimum was 4.218×10^-6. For structural steel,
Design of Tank Simulator for Side-Mount Support Structure for a SpacecraftIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a tank simulator for a side-mounted support structure for an Indian communications satellite (GSAT). The traditional design of mounting fuel tanks inside the central cylinder increases the satellite's length-to-diameter ratio and reduces stability. The new design moves the fuel tank to the sides of the satellite, connected via a side-mount structure. This includes a central ring, top/bottom plates, ribs, flex plates, struts, and brackets. Finite element analysis was conducted applying 8g loads horizontally and 18g vertically to simulate launch stresses. Stress and displacement results for all components were within allowable limits, validating the new tank simulator design.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Job Weight Operated Material Handling EquipmentIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a job weight operated material handling equipment. It aims to reduce electricity consumption and costs associated with traditional powered material handling systems. The system uses the potential energy of materials/jobs being transported to power its motion from one point to another instead of electricity. Key components include a weight-carrying plate, chain/rack assembly, sprockets, wheels, frame, and springs. It operates by converting the vertical movement of the weighted plate into rotational motion of wheels via the chain/sprocket mechanism to move the equipment linearly on its track. Advantages include no electricity use, low cost, easy maintenance and operation. It has applications in transferring materials between stations or loading/unloading trucks to reduce
Static & Dynamic Analysis of Spur Gear using Different MaterialsIRJET Journal
The document describes a study analyzing the static and dynamic behavior of a spur gear made from different materials using finite element analysis. A spur gear model is created in Solidworks and imported into ANSYS for static structural and modal analysis. The static analysis determines deformation and stresses under torque loading, while modal analysis determines natural frequencies and mode shapes. Analysis is performed for structural steel, gray cast iron, aluminum alloy, and epoxy glass composite materials. Results show the composite material has the lowest deformation and weight but higher stresses compared to the metal materials. The natural frequencies are also reported for different materials.
IRJET- Transient Dynamic Analysis and Optimization of a Piston in an Automobi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that performed transient dynamic analysis and optimization of a piston in an automobile engine. The study used finite element analysis software to create a 3D model of the piston, apply appropriate loads and boundary conditions, and analyze stresses, natural frequencies, mode shapes, and transient dynamic response. The analysis found the maximum stresses on the piston to be 280 MPa under static loading. Modal analysis determined the first three natural frequencies. Transient dynamic analysis calculated a maximum dynamic displacement of 1.66 mm with a dynamic amplification factor of 1.3 under loading over 4.9 milliseconds. Finally, optimization was performed to reduce piston weight and size without affecting its characteristics or increasing stresses beyond safe limits.
The document describes the design of a chain tensioner for an FSAE car. Four chain tensioner designs were considered: rigid differential mount, spring tensioner, indexable pivot tensioner, and eccentric chain tensioner. A Pugh chart was used to compare the designs based on criteria like weight, manufacturability, adjustability, etc. The eccentric chain tensioner scored highest as it allows high adjustability while maintaining robustness. Finite element analysis confirmed the safety of the eccentric hub and differential mount designs. The final eccentric tensioner design includes a split hub that provides 16mm of tensioning adjustment through its 36 holes mating with the 32 holes on the differential mount. This ensures proper chain tensioning and alignment of the differential
IRJET- Analysis of Stress and Bending Strength of Involutes Spur Gears with F...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes and compares the bending stress and strength of asymmetric and symmetric spur gear profiles through finite element analysis. It develops a computer program to estimate the variation of maximum bending stress and contact ratio based on tooth number and drive side pressure angle for asymmetric gears. The FEM analysis shows that asymmetric teeth have lower bending stress than symmetric teeth. It also confirms that increasing the drive side pressure angle decreases bending stress and increases load capacity. While the maximum bending stress value changes with the gear profile, the location of maximum bending stress remains the same in FEM analysis for both asymmetric and symmetric gears. The document concludes that optimizing the fillet profile of asymmetric gears can further reduce bending stress levels.
IRJET - Analysis and Designing of Diaphragm Spring WashersIRJET Journal
This document analyzes and designs diaphragm spring washers through numerical analysis and finite element analysis (FEA). It analyzes four cases of diaphragm springs with different height to thickness (h/t) ratios of 0.4, 0.7, 1.04, and 1.4. The FEA results for deformation, stress, and strain are presented for each case. The maximum deformation, stress, and strain values increase as the h/t ratio increases from 0.4 to 1.04. The document concludes that the FEA results agree well with numerical results and can be used for similar applications in the future.
IRJET- Design & Manufacturing of Double Wishbone Suspension and Wheel Ass...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and manufacturing of a double wishbone suspension system and wheel assembly for a formula-style electric vehicle. It discusses the objectives to withstand high-speed cornering over bumps. The methodology includes designing the components in CATIA and SolidWorks, analyzing them in ANSYS and simulating the suspension system in MSC ADAMS. The key components designed are the wishbones, upright, hub, and spring. Materials are selected based on objectives like strength and weight. Static analysis of the wheel assembly and simulation of the suspension kinematics are presented. The manufacturing process of the wishbones by cutting, grinding, fitting and welding is also outlined.
The document describes the mechanical design of a connecting rod for a Ferrari F136 F engine. An analytical load analysis was performed using MATLAB to determine loads on the connecting rod. A beam theory analysis found maximum stresses and buckling safety factors. A preliminary 2D design was modeled and analyzed using finite element analysis in COMSOL, finding a yield safety factor of 1.19. Design iterations increased this to 2.62 and improved fatigue life. A final 3D model analyzed in Abaqus yielded a safety factor of 1.97 against static yield.
This document provides a summary of structural finite element modeling (FEM) analyses conducted by Krishna Prasad for various offshore structures. It lists projects analyzing topside structures, spudcans, jackcases, crane pedestals, trunions, and helidecks. For each project, it describes the objectives, modeling approach, and key results plots. The analyses were used to evaluate structural integrity and calculate stress concentration factors under critical load cases.
Stress Analysis of I.C.Engine Connecting Rod by FEM and PhotoelasticityIOSR Journals
Abstract: The automobile engine connecting rod is a high volume production critical component. Every vehicle
that uses an internal combustion engine requires at least one connecting rod .From the viewpoint of
functionality, connecting rods must have the highest possible rigidity at the lowest weight. The major stress
induced in the connecting rod is a combination of axial and bending stresses in operation. The axial stresses are
produced due to cylinder gas pressure (compressive only) and the inertia force arising in account of
reciprocating action (both tensile as well as compressive), where as bending stresses are caused due to the
centrifugal effects. The result of which is, the maximum stresses are developed at the fillet section of the big and
the small end.Hence, the paper deals with the stress analysis of connecting rod by Finite Element Method using
Pro/E Wildfire 4.0 and ANSYS WORKBENCH 11.0 software. The comparison and verification of the results
obtained in FEA is done experimentally by the method of Photo elasticity(Optical Method). The method of
Photoelasticity includes the casting of Photoelastic sheet using Resin AY103 and Hardner HY951, preparation
of the model from Photoelastic sheet calibration of the sheet to determine material fringe value.
Keywords - Big End fillet section ,Connecting Rod, Compressive Stresses , Failure of Connecting Rod, FEA,
Photoelasticity, Small End fillet section, Tensile Stresses.
This document discusses the design of a rack and pinion gear system for a railway crossing gate. It outlines the objectives, need, and basic mechanism of a rack and pinion gear. The design methodology is explained, including design considerations, calculations, and material selection. Equations for determining forces on gear teeth, surface speed, strength, and wear are provided. Finally, the document summarizes the preliminary design of the pinion gear and next steps to design the rack.
IRJET- Design and Development of Kinematic Linkages Variable Speed DriveIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a kinematic linkages variable speed drive. It presents the synthesis, analysis, and review of a variable displacement four-bar crank-rocker-slider mechanism using low friction pin joints. The mechanism allows for stepless speed variation from 1/2 to 1/4 of the input speed under full load. It consists of four linkages, a pulley, motor, and movable screw for controlling the output shaft speed. Varying the position of the control link changes the oscillation degree of the output link to achieve different speeds. The mechanism's construction, working, design methodology, and individual component designs are discussed in detail. In conclusion, such drives can provide stepless speed
Design, Analysis and Simulation of Double Wishbone Suspension System for Form...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design, analysis, and simulation of a double wishbone suspension system for a formula student racing vehicle. The authors first discuss the basic parameters and requirements for the suspension system. They then describe the detailed design of the knuckle, wishbones, and helical coil spring. Finite element analysis is conducted on these components using ANSYS to analyze stresses and deformations. Finally, dynamic simulation of the full suspension system is performed using ADAMS software to analyze how kinematic parameters like camber angle and roll steer change with wheel travel. The results of the simulation match the designed parameters and help validate the suspension system design.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Steering Knuckle for Electric ATVIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a steering knuckle for an electric all-terrain vehicle (ATV). The steering knuckle was modeled in Solidworks and analyzed in ANSYS Workbench under different loading conditions. Three materials were considered for the knuckle: mild steel AISI 1018, aluminum alloy 6082-T6, and gray cast iron. After analyzing each material's deformation and factor of safety under the loads, mild steel AISI 1018 was selected due to having the highest factor of safety of 4.27 and lowest deformation of 0.090742 mm, indicating it can withstand the loads in the safest manner.
IRJET- FEM Analysis of Universal Joint of Bharath Benz DE210BS4IRJET Journal
1. The document presents a finite element analysis of the universal joint of a Bharath Benz DE210BS4 engine.
2. The analysis examines the total deformation and equivalent stress on the universal joint at different working angles from 5 to 40 degrees and with different materials including steel, carbon fiber, AISI 4140, and SAE 1130 when subjected to torques of 450Nm, 1000Nm, and 35000Nm.
3. The results found that the carbon fiber material experienced the least total deformation and equivalent stress compared to the other materials tested, indicating it could be better suited for further development of universal joints.
Design of Flat belt, V belt and chain drivesDr. L K Bhagi
Geometrical relationships, Analysis of belt tensions, Condition for maximum power transmission, Characteristics of belt drives, Selection of flat belt, V- belt, Selection of V belt, Roller chains, Geometrical relationship, Polygonal effect, Power rating of roller chains, Design of chain drive, Introduction to belt drives and belt construction, Introduction to chain drives
STRESS ANALYSIS OF SPUR GEAR BY USING ANSYS WORKBENCHSumit Nagar
The document discusses analyzing the stress on a spur gear using ANSYS Workbench. It begins by providing background on different types of gears and power transmission systems. It then describes spur gears in particular, including their structure, functions, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. The document outlines the objectives of performing finite element analysis on a spur gear model to minimize stresses at critical locations, validate results with experimental data, and compare to theoretical analyses. The goal is to optimize the gear shape to reduce stresses.
This document summarizes the design and standardization of a scissor jack to avoid failures in the field. It presents the objectives of modifying the current jack design to improve reliability and reduce costs. It also describes developing a mathematical model for scissor jack design using inputs like vehicle weight and ground clearance. The design process involves modeling the jack in CATIA and developing equations in MATLAB to size components like the power screw, links, and nuts based on applied loads and stresses. Testing procedures are outlined to validate the jack's performance under different load conditions.
The document discusses the design optimization and analysis of a propeller shaft using finite element analysis. It aims to replace conventional steel drive shafts with alloy materials to reduce weight. The researchers used AISI 8750 low alloy steel and optimized the design in ANSYS to minimize weight while ensuring sufficient performance under loads. Their analysis estimated deflection, stresses, and natural frequencies of both steel and alloy propeller shafts to compare performance and validate the optimized alloy design.
Deflection of Dual Rotor Wind Turbine Pinion Tooth by Numerical MethodIRJET Journal
The document discusses a numerical analysis of deflection in the pinion tooth of a dual rotor wind turbine. It begins with an introduction to gears and gearboxes, explaining their importance in mechanical power transmission systems. It then reviews previous literature on gear stress analysis methods. The methodology section describes how CAD software was used to model the pinion gear geometry, which was then imported into finite element analysis software for mesh generation and stress analysis. Results of the finite element analysis are presented, including analytical calculations of the maximum slope and deflection at the free end of the pinion tooth under a tangential force.
Finite Element Analysis of Connecting Rod for Two Wheeler and Optimization of...IRJET Journal
This document presents a finite element analysis of a connecting rod for a two-wheeler under static load conditions. A connecting rod from a Hero Splendor motorcycle was modeled in CREO and analyzed in ANSYS. Two materials, C70S6 steel and structural steel, were considered. For each material, the maximum and minimum von Mises stress, principal stress, elastic strain, shear stress, and total deformation under an applied load of 677N were determined. For C70S6 steel, the maximum total deformation was 0.01271 mm and minimum was 0.00164 mm. The maximum elastic strain was 1.960×10^-4 and minimum was 4.218×10^-6. For structural steel,
Design of Tank Simulator for Side-Mount Support Structure for a SpacecraftIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a tank simulator for a side-mounted support structure for an Indian communications satellite (GSAT). The traditional design of mounting fuel tanks inside the central cylinder increases the satellite's length-to-diameter ratio and reduces stability. The new design moves the fuel tank to the sides of the satellite, connected via a side-mount structure. This includes a central ring, top/bottom plates, ribs, flex plates, struts, and brackets. Finite element analysis was conducted applying 8g loads horizontally and 18g vertically to simulate launch stresses. Stress and displacement results for all components were within allowable limits, validating the new tank simulator design.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Job Weight Operated Material Handling EquipmentIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a job weight operated material handling equipment. It aims to reduce electricity consumption and costs associated with traditional powered material handling systems. The system uses the potential energy of materials/jobs being transported to power its motion from one point to another instead of electricity. Key components include a weight-carrying plate, chain/rack assembly, sprockets, wheels, frame, and springs. It operates by converting the vertical movement of the weighted plate into rotational motion of wheels via the chain/sprocket mechanism to move the equipment linearly on its track. Advantages include no electricity use, low cost, easy maintenance and operation. It has applications in transferring materials between stations or loading/unloading trucks to reduce
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Rack and Pinion JackIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a rack and pinion jack. It aims to address issues with existing jacks that require operators to work in uncomfortable squatting or bent positions for long periods. The proposed jack uses a rack and pinion gear system along with a ratchet and pawl mechanism to allow lifting of loads with less effort through a rotating handle. It discusses the working principle, need analysis, functional analysis, calculations, CAD model, and fabrication of the prototype which includes welding various parts like the frame, gears, rack, and attachment of wheels and a handle.
IRJET- Design, Analysis and Optimization of Mounting and Dismounting Tool...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design, analysis, and optimization of mounting and dismounting tools for roller bearings. It begins with an introduction to bearings and some of the common issues with improper mounting and dismounting, such as premature failure. It then discusses the objectives of redesigning the tools to increase strength, develop a common tool for different bearings, and reduce weight, cost and cycle time. The document goes on to describe the existing mounting tool, a redesigned mounting tool made of stainless steel, and presents stress analysis results showing the design is safe. It also details the design of a new dismounting tool made of alloy steel, which uses a two-jaw mechanism to gradually remove the outer race of
IRJET- Design of Torsional Trailing Arm of an ATVIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a torsional trailing arm suspension for an all-terrain vehicle (ATV). The objectives of the design were to increase travel, reduce unsprung mass, and improve handling. The team modeled the suspension in MATLAB and optimized spring stiffness and damping parameters. They designed the suspension geometry in CAD software and analyzed it in LOTUS SUSPENSION ANALYSER. The torsional trailing arm design was fabricated from AISI 1018 steel and tested on a track. Analysis showed the design eliminated issues like bump steer and improved ride quality over other designs. Future work could develop arms to further reduce torsional forces and the design could be applied to other off-road vehicles.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Chassis for Solar Electric VehicleIRJET Journal
The document discusses the design and analysis of a chassis for a solar electric vehicle. It begins with an introduction to solar vehicles and then describes the challenges in developing an effective solar car chassis, namely maximizing strength while minimizing weight. It then outlines the various types of chassis frames that were considered for the vehicle, including ladder, backbone, and monocoque frames. The design process is discussed, including considerations for ergonomics, dimensions based on a standardized anthropometric model, and using triangulation to increase torsional stiffness. A CAD model was generated and an analysis was performed using ANSYS software to simulate front, side, rear impacts and torsion. The final designed chassis was optimized for increased stiffness and strength.
IRJET- Design Analysis of a Automotive Shock Absorber AssemblyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing the design of an automotive shock absorber assembly. Finite element analysis using ABAQUS software was conducted to evaluate the assembly's performance under static and dynamic loading conditions. The static stress analysis found a maximum deflection of 29.4 mm and maximum stresses of 117 MPa at corners and 215 MPa in springs. Modal analysis determined the first ten natural vibration modes and identified the first natural frequency as 42.7 Hz, indicating a stiffer suspension. The study concluded the design provides adequate safety with room for further weight optimization to improve comfort while maintaining structural integrity under expected loads.
Failure analysis of cylinder head valve spring in locomotivesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing the failure of cylinder head valve springs in locomotives. The researchers modeled a coil spring using PRO-E software and analyzed it using ANSYS to simulate different materials, loads, and conditions. They found that heat treatment and proper material selection are important to prevent spring failure from high cycle fatigue. Static structural analysis was performed on models made of chromium vanadium steel and low-carbon steel to determine stresses and optimize material choice. The analysis aims to understand failure mechanisms and improve spring design and quality to avoid premature failures in locomotive engines.
IRJET- Weight Optimization of API 6D 12”-150 Class Plug Valve Body by Finite ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research conducted to optimize the weight of an API 6D 12”-150 class plug valve body through finite element analysis and experimental testing. A 3D model of the existing valve body was created in CATIA and meshed in ANSYS Workbench. Stress analysis was performed at working pressures of 290 PSI and test pressures of 325 PSI. Modifications including reducing wall and flange thicknesses and adding fillets resulted in approximately 6.4% weight reduction while maintaining safety factors above 1. Experimental strain gauge testing validated the FEA stress results.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Chain Drive Power Transmission from Station...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a chain drive power transmission system that can transmit power from a stationary source to oscillating devices. The system uses a modified chain with conical teeth that can automatically slide and lock into conical sockets on a driven wheel as the wheel oscillates between -45° and +45°. The design includes a chain section, driver section, and driven section. An analysis of the chain section was conducted using ANSYS software to evaluate stresses and ensure optimal performance. The results show this alternating transmission system can replace machines using multiple drives with a single drive and has applications where power needs to be transmitted to oscillating mechanisms.
Finite element analysis of engine mounting bracket by considering pretension ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Bracket is one of the important components of an engine mount assembly, heavy performance truck has their engine supported by bracket and this engine mounting brackets assembly is used in chassis front frame which has been designed as a framework to support engine along with transmission member. The main function of the engine mount bracket is to properly balance the engine and transmission on the vehicle chassis, engine mount is an important part of the vehicle to reduce the vibration and noise, by which smooth ride of the vehicle can be achieved. Vibration and strength of engine bracket has been continuously a concern which may lead to structural failure if the resulting vibration and stresses are severe and excessive. The present work focuses on the FEA analysis of engine mount bracket for three materials by using meshing and analysis software which are HYPERMESH and ABACUS, the materials used are cast iron, wrought iron and mild steel, modal analysis and static analysis carried out by which maximum von-misses stress and natural frequency are computed. The main objective is to select the best material from the obtained result under prescribed conditions. Key Words: Engine mount bracket, Vehicle chassis, Modal & Static analysis, pretension load, & Service load.
IRJET- Planning and Enhancement of Guiding UprightsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the planning and enhancement of guiding uprights for an all-terrain vehicle. The authors designed and tested a wheel center using finite element analysis to reduce costs through material and manufacturing optimization. They compared various designs and materials and selected an optimal combination. The proposed center used EN8 mild steel. Finite element analysis was also used to develop new functional designs for the enhanced wheel center to reduce weight without compromising strength requirements.
IRJET - Design And Analysis of Belt Conveyor for Weight Reduction in FoundryIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and analysis of a belt conveyor system used in a foundry to optimize the system and reduce weight. It first describes the existing belt conveyor system and its components. Calculations are shown to analyze the stress and deformation on the existing roller and supporting bracket components. The objectives are then stated as studying the current system, optimizing critical components like the roller, bracket and frame to minimize overall weight, and analyzing the redesigned components. The proposed work is to collect existing system data, calculate stresses on critical parts, model the system in SOLIDWORKS, perform analysis in ANSYS, and optimize the design of critical components through iterative methods.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
This document describes the design and analysis of a truck chassis. The chassis was modeled in CAD software including AutoCAD and CATIA. Finite element analysis was then performed on the chassis model in ANSYS to evaluate stresses and deflections. The objectives were to study chassis principles, investigate potential problems, create 3D models, and suggest design improvements through FEA. The chassis was meshed and simulated under static and dynamic loading conditions to determine high stress areas and optimize the chassis design.
IRJET- Design Analysis and Fatigue Life of a Leaf Spring AssemblyIRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the design, static loading, modal behavior, and fatigue life of a leaf spring assembly used in vehicle suspensions.
2) A finite element model of the leaf spring assembly was created in SOLID EDGE and imported to ABAQUS for meshing and analysis.
3) Static analysis found a maximum deflection of 0.34mm and maximum stress of 125.5MPa under an applied load of 4kN.
4) Modal analysis determined the assembly's natural frequencies and bending/torsional vibration modes to study its dynamic behavior.
Design and Manufacture of Fixture for Manually Operated Spot Welding MachineIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and manufacturing of a fixture for a manually operated spot welding machine. Spot welding is used to join sheet metal and requires fixtures to securely hold workpieces during the process. The fixture aims to support hollow cylinders of varying diameters and lengths for spot welding ribs to the inner surface. It was designed with bearings to allow cylinder rotation while restricting other movement. Calculations were performed to select bearings capable of withstanding forces from electrodes and the cylinder weight. Finite element analysis validated the design was not excessively deformed under loading. The new fixture provides improved operator safety, welding range, and productivity compared to the existing setup.
A Method for Finding Document Containning Reactionary ViewpointsIRJET Journal
The document describes using topology optimization to optimize the design of a front suspension shackle support. It discusses setting up the topology optimization parameters including design variables, constraints, and objective functions. It then performs finite element analysis on the optimized design under different load cases and compares the stresses to the permissible limits and the original baseline design. The optimized design showed a 30% mass reduction while keeping all stresses below limits, making it a manufacturable and improved design for the suspension shackle support.
IRJET- Material Optimization for Knuckle Joint by using FEAIRJET Journal
The document discusses analyzing a knuckle joint using finite element analysis to determine the optimal material. Five materials were considered for the knuckle joint: structural steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, Teflon, and gray cast iron. The stresses in each material were calculated and it was found that aluminum alloy experienced the lowest stresses under tensile loading, making it the best optimized material. The FEA results for aluminum alloy were then validated through tensile testing. It was observed that magnesium alloy experienced the lowest stresses while aluminum alloy could sustain the highest tensile load without failure, making aluminum alloy the most suitable material.
Strength Improvement of Bus Body Structure with Design ModificationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research conducted to improve the strength of bus body structures through design modifications. It begins by describing issues with current bus body designs, including failures at joint locations. The objectives of the study were to analyze an existing bus body design using finite element analysis (FEA) to identify weak points, redesign problematic components like body pillars and clits to increase strength, and verify the modified design through FEA.
FEA of the original design found high stresses concentrated at clit joints, identifying them as failure prone. To address this, the researchers redesigned the clit with increased dimensions. FEA of the modified design showed reduced displacement and stresses compared to the original, confirming improved strength. The study demonstrates how
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TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.