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IRJET- An Experimantal Investigation of Concrete with Artificial Sand
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IRJET- An Experimantal Investigation of Concrete with Artificial Sand
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 12 | Dec 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 248 AN EXPERIMANTAL INVESTIGATION OF CONCRETE WITH ARTIFICIAL SAND Katkar Ranjit. A1, Bogar V.M2 1PG Scholar, Applied Mechanics Department, Government College of Engineering, Karad, Maharashtra-415124, India. 2Assistant Professor, Applied Mechanics Department, Government College of Engineering, Karad. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - The growth in construction, infrastructural development demands huge quantity of sand. This demand of sand increases progressively with each year. The collection of sand from river beds, stream beds creates environmental problems. Availability of natural sand is getting depleted and costly. This increasing demandand decreaseinnaturalresourcesconsequently necessitate alternative to natural sand. Artificial sand manufactured by granulating goodqualitystonemetalbyVSIcrusher gives cubical, smooth textured, well graded sand with minimum dust. This overcomes the drawback of natural sand like irregular particle size, improper grading, presence of silt and organic impurities. This paper puts forward the applications ofartificialsand as an attempt towards sustainable development. It will help to find viable solution to the decliningavailabilityofnaturalsandand to maintain eco-balance. The purpose of this research is to experimentally investigatepropertiesofconcrete withartificialsand by replacing natural sand. The investigation is carried out by conducting various testes on concrete like compressive strength test, flexural strength test, split tensile strength, shear strength test, bond strengthtestandnon- destructivetestslikereboundhammer, ultrasonic pulse velocity. Key Words: Compressive strength, Artificial sand, Rebound hammer, Split tensile test, Flexuralstrength,Shearstrength, Ultrasonic pulse velocity test, Bond strength. 1. INTRODUCTION The collection of sand from river beds, stream beds creates environmental problems, such as meandering of water courses, denudation of river banks, interference with natural flow pattern of rivers and streams. availability of natural sand is getting depleted and costly. This increasing demand and decrease in natural resources consequently necessitatealternative to natural sand. Artificial sand manufactured by granulating good quality stone metal by VSI crusher gives cubical, smooth textured, well graded sand with minimum dust. This overcomes the drawback of natural sand like irregular particle size, improper grading, presence of silt and organic impurities. The use of artificial sand will be one of the most preferred alternatives for natural sand. Increasing use of artificial sand is very essential in production of concrete. 2. RESERCH SIGNIFICANCE The main objective of the present work is to study the properties of concretewith artificialsand, by replacing naturalsandwith artificial sand partially and fully (from 10% to 100% with an increment of 10% for each mix). The mix design is done for M20 and M45 gradeof concrete by using IS 10262:1982. Theeffectofartificialsandonworkabilityalsostudiedandsuperplasticizers are used to improve workability. The investigation is carried out by conducting various tests on concrete at plastic stage and hardened stage. 3. MATERIALS AND MATERIALS PROPERTIES Aggregate- Fine aggregates i.e. Artificial Sand is available from local sources, and Natural sand from local suppliers Coarse aggregates (CA I = 10mm and CA II = 20mm) are used. Table No 1: Summary of Material Properties- Artificial sand and Natural sand Properties Artificial sand Natural sand Specific Gravity 2.76 2.70 Fineness Modulus 2.99 2.76 Water Absorption 3.6% 3.2% Particle shape Angular-Cubical Rounded-Cubical Surface texture Smooth to partly rough Smooth
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 12 | Dec 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 249 Table No 2: Summary of Material Properties- CA II(20mm) and CA I(10mm) Properties Coarse aggregate CA II (20mm) Coarse aggregate CA I (10mm) Specific Gravity 2.88 2.90 Fineness Modulus 7.24 6.33 Water Absorption 0.9% 1% Particle shape Angular-Cubical Angular-Cubical Surface moisture Nil Nil Surface texture Rough Rough Table No 3: Summary of Material Properties- Cement Ordinary Portland Cement of 53 grade Properties Results IS 12269: 1987 Specifications Specific Gravity 3.15 - Fineness 3.5% Not exceed 10% Standard consistency 29% 25% to 30% Soundness 4% Not exceed 10% Initial setting time 105 min More than 30 min Final setting time 205 min Less than 600 min 4. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME Mix design was done for M20 and M45 concrete as per the Indian standard code specifications (IS 10262-2007) The mix proportion is 1:1.43:3.11 for M20 and 1:2.3:3.2 for M45. Table No 4: Quantities of Materials required for Concrete Materials M20 (kg per m3) M45(kg per m3) Cement (kg) 383 362 Fine Aggregate (kg) 549 838 Coarse Aggregate (kg) 1193 1157 Water (lit) 191 160 Table No 5: Results of workability of concrete for M20 (W/C ratio: 0.5) % Of A.S Slump in mm Without super plasticizer Compaction Factor Admixture Dose in % Slump after super Plasticizer addition 0 70 0.90 0 70 10 64 0.88 0.1 72 20 57 0.87 0.2 74 30 49 0.85 0.3 70 40 38 0.84 0.4 68 50 29 0.82 0.5 66 60 24 0.81 0.6 64 70 20 0.80 0.7 64 80 16 0.79 0.8 62 90 12 0.78 0.9 60 100 8 0.77 1 60 i. Compressive strength- Thespecimensofstandardcubeof(150mmx150mmx150mm)areusedtodeterminethecompressivestrengthandofconcrete. Three specimens were tested for 7,14,28 days with replacement of natural sand by artificial sand from 10% to 100% with an increment of 10% for each mix.
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 12 | Dec 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 250 ii. Split Tensile Test- Splitting tensile strength is an indirect method used for determining the tensile strength of concrete. Tests are carried out on 150mm х300mm cylinders conforming to IS 5816: 1976. iii. Flexural strength Test- Two-point loading method used for determining the flexural strength of concrete. Tests are carried out on 150mm х 150mm x 700mm beam specimens conforming to IS 516: 1959. iv. Shear strength Test- Tests are carried out on 150mm х 150mm x 450mm push off specimens. 5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Table No 6: Compressive Strength for M20 (0% A.S and 100% N.S) Sample No. Age of specimen Mark Load at Failure (Ton) load in (KN) Compressive Strength (MPa) Avg. Compressive Strength (MPa) 1. 7 days C1 36 353.16 15.696 17.294 > 13.5 (IS recommended) 2. C2 40 392.40 17.440 3. C3 43 421.83 18.748 1. 14 days C1 46 451.26 20.056 21.800 > 17.5 (IS recommended) 2. C2 50 490.50 21.800 3. C3 54 529.74 23.544 1. 28 days C1 58 568.98 25.288 26.741 > 20 (IS recommended) 2. C2 61 598.41 26.596 3. C3 65 637.65 28.340 Table No 7: Compressive Strength for M20 (60% A.S and 40% N.S) Sample No. Age of specimen Mark Load at failure (Ton) Load in (KN) Compressive Strength (MPa) Avg. Compressive Strength (MPa) 1. 7 days C1 51 500.31 22.236 22.381 > 13.5 (IS recommended) 2. C2 52 510.12 22.672 3. C3 51 500.31 22.236 1. 14 days C1 58 568.98 25.288 25.869 > 17.5 (IS recommended) 2. C2 59 578.79 25.724 3. C3 61 598.41 26.596 1. 28 days C1 72 706.32 31.392 31.828 > 20 (IS recommended) 2. C2 74 725.94 32.264 3. C3 73 716.13 31.828 Table No 8: Compressive Strength for M20 (100% A.S and 0% N.S) Sample No. Age of specimen Mark Load at failure (Ton) Load in (KN) Compressive Strength (MPa) Avg. Compressive Strength (MPa) 1. 7 days C1 42 412.02 18.312 18.457 >13.5 (IS recommended) 2. C2 40 392.40 17.440 3. C3 45 441.45 19.620 1. 14 days C1 56 549.36 24.416 24.125 > 17.5 (IS recommended) 2. C2 53 519.93 23.108 3. C3 57 559.17 24.852 1. 28 days C1 69 676.89 30.084 29.648 > 20 (IS recommended) 2. C2 67 657.27 29.212 3. C3 68 667.08 29.648
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 12 | Dec 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 251 Table No 9: Split Tensile Strength for M20 (0% A.S and 100%N.S) Sample No. Age of specimen Mark Maximum load (Ton) Load in (KN) Tensile Strength (MPa) Avg. Tensile Strength (MPa) 1. 7 days C1 10 98.10 1.388 1.3882. C2 11 107.91 1.527 3. C3 9 88.29 1.249 1. 14 days C1 15 147.15 2.082 2.0822. C2 16 156.96 2.221 3. C3 14 137.34 1.943 1. 28 days C1 22 215.82 3.053 3.0062. C2 22 215.82 3.053 3. C3 21 206.01 2.914 Table No 10: Split Tensile Strength for M20 (60% A.S and 40% N.S) Sample No. Age of specimen Mark Maximum load (Ton) Load in (KN) Tensile Strength (MPa) Avg. Tensile Strength (MPa) 1. 7 days C1 16 156.96 2.221 1.9892. C2 15 147.15 2.082 3. C3 15 147.15 2.082 1. 14 days C1 22 215.82 3.053 2.9602. C2 23 225.63 3.192 3. C3 24 235.44 3.331 1. 28 days C1 25 245.25 3.608 3.4232. C2 27 264.87 3.470 3. C3 26 255.06 3.192 Table No 11: Tensile Strength for M20 (100% A.S and 0% N.S) Sample No. Age of specimen Mark Maximum load (Ton) Maximum load (KN) Tensile Strength (MPa) Avg. Tensile Strength (MPa) 1. 7 days C1 11 107.91 1.527 1.5272. C2 12 117.72 1.665 3. C3 10 98.100 1.388 1. 14 days C1 15 147.15 2.082 2.2212. C2 17 166.77 2.359 3. C3 16 156.96 2.221 1. 28 days C1 24 235.44 3.331 3.2852. C2 23 225.63 3.192 3. C3 24 235.44 3.331 Table No 12: Flexural Strength for M20 (0% A.S and 100%N.S) Sample No. Age of specimen Mark Maximum load (KN) Maximum load (N) Flexural Strength (MPa) Avg. Flexural Strength (MPa) 1. 7 days C1 8.160 8160 1.692 1.5382. C2 6.870 6870 1.425 3. C3 7.220 7220 1.498 1. 14 days C1 11.65 11650 2.416 2.2462. C2 10.00 10000 2.074 3. C3 10.84 10840 2.248 1. 28 days C1 15.91 15910 3.300 3.345 > 3.13 (IS recommended) 2. C2 15.65 15650 3.246 3. C3 16.82 16820 3.489
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 12 | Dec 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 252 Table No 13: Flexural Strength for M20 (60% A.S and 40% N.S) Sample No. Age of specimen Mark Maximum load (KN) Maximum load (N) Flexural Strength (MPa) Avg. Flexural Strength (MPa) 1. 7 days C1 9.350 9350 1.939 1.8712. C2 8.740 8740 1.813 3. C3 8.970 8970 1.860 1. 14 days C1 15.240 15240 3.161 2.9922. C2 14.120 14120 2.929 3. C3 13.910 13910 2.885 1. 28 days C1 19.215 19215 3.985 3.986 > 3.13 (IS recommended) 2. C2 19.835 19835 4.114 3. C3 18.610 18610 3.860 Table No 14: Flexural Strength for M20 (100% A.S and 0% N.S) Sample No. Age of specimen Mark Maximum load (KN) Maximum load (N) Flexural Strength (MPa) Avg. Flexural Strength (MPa) 1. 7 days C1 8.770 8770 1.819 1.6142. C2 7.420 7420 1.539 3. C3 7.160 7160 1.485 1. 14 days C1 12.500 12500 2.592 2.4122. C2 11.650 11650 2.416 3. C3 10.750 10750 2.229 1. 28 days C1 18.650 18650 3.868 3.667 > 3.13 (IS recommended) 2. C2 16.880 16880 3.501 3. C3 17.500 17500 3.630 Table No 15: Shear Strength for M20 (60% A.S and 40%N.S) Sample No. Age of specimen Mark Maximum load (KN) Maximum load (N) Shear Strength (MPa) Avg. Shear Strength (MPa) 1. 7 days C1 44.040 44040 1.957 1.9942. C2 44.870 44870 1.994 3. C3 45.690 45690 2.031 1. 14 days C1 66.260 66260 2.945 2.9612. C2 67.630 67630 3.006 3. C3 65.980 65980 2.932 1. 28 days C1 76.820 76820 3.414 3.4552. C2 77.910 77910 3.463 3. C3 78.480 78480 3.488 Table No 16: Shear Strength for M20 (100% A.S and 0%N.S) Sample No. Age of specimen Mark Maximum load (KN) Maximum load (N) Shear Strength (MPa) Avg. Shear Strength (MPa) 1. 7 days C1 40.600 40600 1.804 1.8622. C2 43.800 43800 1.946 3. C3 41.375 41375 1.838 1. 14 days C1 64.500 64500 2.867 2.7742. C2 61.900 61900 2.751 3. C3 60.870 60870 2.705 1. 28 days C1 72.350 72350 3.216 3.1882. C2 71.860 71860 3.194 3. C3 70.970 70970 3.154
6.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 12 | Dec 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 253 Graph-1: Variation of Compressive Strength w.r.to % of Artificial Sand Fig 1: Compressive Test for Stress-Strain Fig 2: Flexure Test for Load-Deflection Graph-2: Variation of Tensile Strength w.r.to % of Artificial Sand Graph-3: Variation of Flexural Strength w.r.to % of Artificial Sand
7.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 12 | Dec 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 254 Fig 3: Reinforcement for shear specimen Fig 4: Testing of shear specimen 6. RESULTS DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 1) Maximum Compressive strength observed at 60% replacement of natural sand by artificial sand and increasein strength is 19.02%. At 100% replacement of natural sand by artificial sand strength is 10.88% more than mix with natural sand. As the percentage of artificial sandincreasescompressivestrengthalsoincreaseslinearlyupto 60%. At 100% replacement of natural sand by artificial sand compressive strength is still higher than that obtained with natural sand. 2) Tensile Strength for mix with 60% artificial sand strength is maximum and 20% more than mix with natural sand. At 100% replacement of natural sand by artificial sand is 9.28% more than mix with natural sand. As the percentage of artificial sand increases tensile strength also increases linearly up to 60% of artificial sand. After that further increase of artificial sand causes reduction in tensile strength, at 100% replacement of natural sand by artificial sand tensile strength is still higher than thatobtained with natural sand. 3) Strengthformixwith60%artificialsandstrengthismaximumand19.163%morethanmixwithnatural sand. At 100% replacement of natural sand by artificial sand strength is 9.6% more than mix with natural sand. As the percentage of artificial sand increases flexural strength also increases linearly up to 60%. 4) Shear strength for mix with 60% artificial sand is maximum and 14.253% more than mix with natural sand. At 100% replacement of natural sand by artificial sand strengthis5.42%morethanmixwithnatural sand.Asthe % of artificial sand increases shear strength also increases linearly up to 60%. REFERENCES 1. Manasseh Joel, “Use of Crushed Granite Fine as Replacement to River Sand in Concrete Production” Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies, dec-2010, Issue- 17, pp. 859. 2. Priyanka A. Jadhav, Dilip K. Kulkarni, “Effect of replacement of natural sand by manufactured sand on the properties of cement mortar” International Journal of civil and structural engineering, Volume 3, No 3, March 2013, pp-621-628. 3. M. Adams Joe, A. Maria Rajesh, P. Brightson, M. Prem Anand,“ Experimental Investigation on The Effect Of M-Sand In High Performance Concrete” American Journal of Engineering Research,Volume02,2013,Issue- 12, pp-46-51. 4. Praveen Kumar K, Radhakrishna, “Strength and workabilityofcementmortarwithmanufacturedsand”International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Volume: 04 Special Issue: 01, Feb2015, pp-186-189. 5. Rajendra P. Mogre, Dr. Dhananjay K. Parbat, “Behaviorofpolypropylenefiberreinforcedconcretewithartificial sand” International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science Volume 1, Issue 2, October 2012, pp-37-40 6. IS:456-2000– “Plane and Reinforced concrete- Code of practice,” Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India 7. IS: 383-1970(2002) – “Specifications for fine and coarse aggregate from natural sources for concrete” Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. 8. SP 23:1982-Indian standards handbook on concrete mixes.
8.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 12 | Dec 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 255
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