This document presents the design of a compact triple band meandered line antenna for 2.4/3.6/5 GHz WiFi and SATCOM applications. The antenna is designed on an FR-4 epoxy substrate that is 0.8 mm thick. It uses multiple meandered lines with different lengths to achieve operation at 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, and 5 GHz. The antenna dimensions are 20x35x0.8 mm. Through two iterations, triangular and rectangular slots are added to the ground plane to reduce return loss across the operating bands. Simulations in Ansoft HFSS v13.0 show the antenna meets the design goals of a compact, triple band antenna for various wireless
Printed L-Slot Antenna for Wireless ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document presents the design and simulation of a printed L-slot antenna for wireless applications. Two unequal L-shaped slots are introduced in the microstrip patch to reduce the resonant frequency. Simulation results show the antenna resonates at three frequencies (3.58 GHz, 5.16 GHz, and 6.13 GHz) with return losses of 11.50 dB, 14.23 dB, and 13.40 dB, respectively. The simple and compact design makes the antenna suitable for applications such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and WLAN.
Multi Band Curved U-Slot Edge Feed Triangular Micro-strip Patch AntennaIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a curved U-slot edge feed triangular microstrip patch antenna intended to operate at 6.8 GHz. The antenna is designed using FR4-Epoxy substrate. Simulation results show the antenna achieves a return loss of -21.6 dB and resonance at 6.8 GHz. Additional results show a gain of 2.28 dB, directivity of 5.2 dB, and VSWR of 1.19. The designed antenna has applications in wireless technologies such as Bluetooth, WLAN, and Wi-Fi.
IRJET-Miniaturized Wide Bandwidth MIMO Dielectric Resonator Antenna using Def...IRJET Journal
This document presents a miniaturized wide bandwidth multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) using a defective ground structure for ultra-wideband applications. The antenna is designed to operate at 6.9 GHz and achieves an ultra-wide bandwidth of 4.692 GHz from 5.92 to 10.62 GHz without interfering with wireless local area network frequencies. Three designs are analyzed and the optimized design uses two DRAs made of Rogers RO4350 substrate with a dimension of 29x29x2.295 mm3. A stub is placed between the DRAs to provide isolation and reduce mutual coupling. The defective ground structure enhances the bandwidth. Simulation results show the optimized design meets requirements
WARSE-IJMA -Vol4, Iss.1, PP.6-10 Circular-rectangular Microstrip Antenna by S...SHILPA K JOSE
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a modified circular-rectangular microstrip patch antenna design that can operate at three different frequencies - 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 5.5 GHz. The antenna design uses a circular patch for the 2.4 GHz band and a rectangular patch inside the circular patch for the 5.5 GHz band. Connecting strips between the two patches allow it to also operate at 5 GHz. Parametric analyses are performed to optimize the design by varying parameters like the number/width of connecting strips and substrate thickness. The final optimized design with four 1.5mm wide strips and 0.8mm substrate thickness shows return losses less than -12.5 dB across the three bands
IRJET- 5.8 Ghz Semi Slotted Patch Antennas for ISM Band ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and simulation of single patch antennas and antenna arrays operating at 5.8 GHz for ISM band applications. Three antennas were designed using IE3D software: a single rectangular patch antenna, a 2x1 antenna array, and a 2x2 antenna array. The single antenna showed a return loss of -13.9 dB, gain of 4.1 dB, and VSWR of 1.01. The 2x1 array had a return loss of -19.9 dB, gain of 7.2 dB, and VSWR of 1.08. The 2x2 array performed best with a return loss of -39 dB, gain of 8.2 dB, and VSWR of 1.
IMPEDANCE MATCHED COMPACT ZIGZAG MULTIBAND INVERTED-F ANTENNA FOR WI-FI, MOBI...ijasuc
Multiband loaded inverted-F antennas suitable to be applied in a portable device as an internal antenna
having high gain property for mobile WiMAX , Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and WLAN operations are presented.
Numerical simulation is carried out using method of moments in Numerical Electromagnetic Code
(NEC-2). The proposed dual inverted-F antenna is suitable for 3.5/5 GHz and compact triple band
inverted-F antenna is for 2.4/3.5/5.2 GHz operations. Total areas occupied by the antennas are
24mm×37mm and 29mm×37mm in case of dual IFA and triple IFA respectively. The antennas contain
an incredibly high peak gain of 7.72 dBi at 5 GHz band and the gain variations at all frequency bands
are less than 1 dBi . In addition, the antennas have satisfactory radiation characteristics at all the
frequency bands. Due to compact area occupied, the proposed antennas are promising to be embedded
within the different portable devices.
IRJET- Design and Implementation of Pentagon Patch Antennas with Slit for Mul...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and simulation of pentagon patch antennas with and without slits for multiband wireless applications. A pentagon microstrip patch antenna is designed using FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6mm. The antenna is fed by a microstrip line and simulated using HFSS software. Simulation results show return loss below -10dB from 2-5.7GHz, 7.14-10GHz and 11-13.2GHz, with resonant frequencies at 2.4GHz, 3.6GHz, 5.6GHz and 12.8GHz. Gain is above 4dB at 5.6GHz. A pentagon antenna with a slit is also designed and
This document summarizes a research paper on the design and testing of a flexible wireless sensor node with a compact planar antenna for wearable applications. Key points:
- A flexible 2.4 GHz wireless sensor node was designed on a 25 μm polyimide substrate with integrated antennas and Bluetooth Low Energy chip.
- Three antenna designs were proposed and simulated - a meandered inverted-F, patch antenna, and dual-arm PIFA. The meandered design exhibited the highest simulated gain.
- The flexible circuit showed up to 16% lower insertion losses than FR4 circuits up to 20 GHz in simulations and measurements.
- The integrated sensor node with a meandered antenna achieved 9 dB higher
Printed L-Slot Antenna for Wireless ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document presents the design and simulation of a printed L-slot antenna for wireless applications. Two unequal L-shaped slots are introduced in the microstrip patch to reduce the resonant frequency. Simulation results show the antenna resonates at three frequencies (3.58 GHz, 5.16 GHz, and 6.13 GHz) with return losses of 11.50 dB, 14.23 dB, and 13.40 dB, respectively. The simple and compact design makes the antenna suitable for applications such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and WLAN.
Multi Band Curved U-Slot Edge Feed Triangular Micro-strip Patch AntennaIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a curved U-slot edge feed triangular microstrip patch antenna intended to operate at 6.8 GHz. The antenna is designed using FR4-Epoxy substrate. Simulation results show the antenna achieves a return loss of -21.6 dB and resonance at 6.8 GHz. Additional results show a gain of 2.28 dB, directivity of 5.2 dB, and VSWR of 1.19. The designed antenna has applications in wireless technologies such as Bluetooth, WLAN, and Wi-Fi.
IRJET-Miniaturized Wide Bandwidth MIMO Dielectric Resonator Antenna using Def...IRJET Journal
This document presents a miniaturized wide bandwidth multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) using a defective ground structure for ultra-wideband applications. The antenna is designed to operate at 6.9 GHz and achieves an ultra-wide bandwidth of 4.692 GHz from 5.92 to 10.62 GHz without interfering with wireless local area network frequencies. Three designs are analyzed and the optimized design uses two DRAs made of Rogers RO4350 substrate with a dimension of 29x29x2.295 mm3. A stub is placed between the DRAs to provide isolation and reduce mutual coupling. The defective ground structure enhances the bandwidth. Simulation results show the optimized design meets requirements
WARSE-IJMA -Vol4, Iss.1, PP.6-10 Circular-rectangular Microstrip Antenna by S...SHILPA K JOSE
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a modified circular-rectangular microstrip patch antenna design that can operate at three different frequencies - 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 5.5 GHz. The antenna design uses a circular patch for the 2.4 GHz band and a rectangular patch inside the circular patch for the 5.5 GHz band. Connecting strips between the two patches allow it to also operate at 5 GHz. Parametric analyses are performed to optimize the design by varying parameters like the number/width of connecting strips and substrate thickness. The final optimized design with four 1.5mm wide strips and 0.8mm substrate thickness shows return losses less than -12.5 dB across the three bands
IRJET- 5.8 Ghz Semi Slotted Patch Antennas for ISM Band ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and simulation of single patch antennas and antenna arrays operating at 5.8 GHz for ISM band applications. Three antennas were designed using IE3D software: a single rectangular patch antenna, a 2x1 antenna array, and a 2x2 antenna array. The single antenna showed a return loss of -13.9 dB, gain of 4.1 dB, and VSWR of 1.01. The 2x1 array had a return loss of -19.9 dB, gain of 7.2 dB, and VSWR of 1.08. The 2x2 array performed best with a return loss of -39 dB, gain of 8.2 dB, and VSWR of 1.
IMPEDANCE MATCHED COMPACT ZIGZAG MULTIBAND INVERTED-F ANTENNA FOR WI-FI, MOBI...ijasuc
Multiband loaded inverted-F antennas suitable to be applied in a portable device as an internal antenna
having high gain property for mobile WiMAX , Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and WLAN operations are presented.
Numerical simulation is carried out using method of moments in Numerical Electromagnetic Code
(NEC-2). The proposed dual inverted-F antenna is suitable for 3.5/5 GHz and compact triple band
inverted-F antenna is for 2.4/3.5/5.2 GHz operations. Total areas occupied by the antennas are
24mm×37mm and 29mm×37mm in case of dual IFA and triple IFA respectively. The antennas contain
an incredibly high peak gain of 7.72 dBi at 5 GHz band and the gain variations at all frequency bands
are less than 1 dBi . In addition, the antennas have satisfactory radiation characteristics at all the
frequency bands. Due to compact area occupied, the proposed antennas are promising to be embedded
within the different portable devices.
IRJET- Design and Implementation of Pentagon Patch Antennas with Slit for Mul...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and simulation of pentagon patch antennas with and without slits for multiband wireless applications. A pentagon microstrip patch antenna is designed using FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6mm. The antenna is fed by a microstrip line and simulated using HFSS software. Simulation results show return loss below -10dB from 2-5.7GHz, 7.14-10GHz and 11-13.2GHz, with resonant frequencies at 2.4GHz, 3.6GHz, 5.6GHz and 12.8GHz. Gain is above 4dB at 5.6GHz. A pentagon antenna with a slit is also designed and
This document summarizes a research paper on the design and testing of a flexible wireless sensor node with a compact planar antenna for wearable applications. Key points:
- A flexible 2.4 GHz wireless sensor node was designed on a 25 μm polyimide substrate with integrated antennas and Bluetooth Low Energy chip.
- Three antenna designs were proposed and simulated - a meandered inverted-F, patch antenna, and dual-arm PIFA. The meandered design exhibited the highest simulated gain.
- The flexible circuit showed up to 16% lower insertion losses than FR4 circuits up to 20 GHz in simulations and measurements.
- The integrated sensor node with a meandered antenna achieved 9 dB higher
Single Band MIMO Antenna for WLAN/Wi-MAX ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and simulation of a compact single band MIMO antenna for WLAN applications operating from 2.3719-2.5839 GHz. The antenna consists of two bowtie antennas placed above and below an FR-4 substrate with a triangular microstrip feed to provide port isolation. Simulation results show the antenna achieves 8.4% bandwidth and low envelope correlation coefficient, making it suitable for MIMO technology.
Design of Compact E-Shaped Slot Multiband Antenna Wireless SystemsIRJET Journal
The document describes the design of a compact E-shaped slot multiband antenna for wireless applications. The antenna is designed to resonate at 1.2 GHz, 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 6.75 GHz, covering applications such as WiFi/WLAN, WiMAX, LTE, and ISM. An E-shaped slot is etched in the patch and a circular patch is attached to the ground plane to achieve multiband operation. Simulation results show the antenna offers good return loss response below -10 dB at the four bands with a total bandwidth of 2990 MHz. Radiation patterns are omni-directional, making the antenna suitable for wireless communication systems. The compact design and multiband performance make
Review Paper on Design of Integrated Multi-Band UWB Antenna for Wireless Appl...IRJET Journal
The document reviews different techniques for designing an integrated multi-band UWB antenna for wireless applications. It summarizes several papers that propose designs for antennas covering various combinations of lower frequency bands (e.g. Bluetooth, GSM, WLAN) in addition to the ultra-wideband range. The key techniques discussed are modifying a base UWB antenna design by adding resonant strips or etching notches to achieve additional frequency bands. One design example presented combines a diamond-shaped UWB patch antenna with quarter-wavelength resonant strips to create a quad-band antenna covering GPS, GSM, WLAN and UWB bands. Another example integrates Bluetooth and GSM bands into a circular UWB antenna using a circular arc and rectangular strip
Dual-band aperture coupled antenna with harmonic suppression capabilityTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The paper presents an aperture-coupled dual-band linearly-polarized antenna with harmonic suppression capability, operating at frequency 2.45 GHz and 5.00 GHz. In purpose of improving the directivity of antenna at the operating frequency of 2.45 GHz and 5.00 GHz, a modified inverted π-shaped slot-etched patch on the lower layer of the stacked antenna is introduced alongside the 50 Ω feed line. The harmonic suppression capability is achieved by the introduction of U-slot and asymmetrical left-right-handed stub at the transmission feed line, suppressing unwanted harmonic signals from 6.00 GHz up to 10.00 GHz. The final design of the antenna has produced very good reflection coefficient of -18.87 dB at 2.45 GHz and -19.57 dB at 5.00 GHz with third and higher order harmonic suppression up to -4 dB.
Design of t shaped fractal patch antenna for wireless applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract Since the evolution of the patch antennas, there is rapid growth observed in the applications of the patch antenna. There are number of advantages such as small size, ease of fabrication and installment, and a stable performance, so there are huge number of designs has been developed and presented by the researchers time to time. Taking an example of the mobile phone antennas, the antenna must have a small size and must be capable to resonate at multiple frequency bands. Reviewing about the various requirements of the antenna design for the wireless applications a novel multiple band fractal patch antenna has been designed. In this paper, a T-shaped patch antenna has been designed and discussed and fractal geometry has been applied to it in order to obtain self-similar characteristics. The dimensions of the Square Patch has been taken as 36 x 36 mm. Dimension of ground has been taken as been taken as 50 x 50 mm. The substrate material used for antenna design is FR-4 having dielectric constant 4.4. Antenna resonates at four operating bands 3.5 GHz, 4.48 GHz, 6.1 GHz and 8.17 GHz. This antenna has return loss of -16.76 dB, -16 dB, -28.63 dB and -15.03dB with bandwidth of 432 MHz, 332 MHz, 295 MHz and 364 MHz at resonant frequencies. Further this antenna has impressive gain of 3.55 dBi, 5.7 dBi and 3.16 dBi and 3.27 dBi at corresponding frequencies. This antenna can be useful for Wi-Max, 4G network, WLAN, Satellite & RADAR communication applications. Key Words: Wireless applications, WLAN, Fractal Microstrip Patch Antenna.
IRJET- Microstrip Patch Antenna for C Band Satellite ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a microstrip patch antenna design for C-band satellite applications. Key points:
- The antenna was designed, simulated, and optimized using HFSS software to have an operating frequency bandwidth of 0.3GHz between 5.1-5.9GHz for uplink and downlink signals.
- Simulation results found the antenna achieved a maximum return loss of -24dB and radiation patterns were stable in the operating frequency range.
- A hardware prototype was constructed on an FR-4 substrate with dimensions of 40x40mm and tested to meet requirements for military satellite communications.
A Review paper on design for microstrip patch antennaIRJET Journal
This document reviews techniques for designing efficient microstrip patch antennas. It summarizes several papers that propose different techniques such as slot cutting, fractal geometry, and defected ground structures to improve antenna characteristics like bandwidth and gain. It then describes the design of an initiator patch antenna, including selecting parameters like operating frequency, dielectric constant, and substrate height. Dimensions of the initiator patch are calculated and different shaped slots are analyzed to modify the design. In conclusion, while techniques can improve limitations, further research is still needed to address issues like complex structures and reduced bandwidth or gain.
A Compact Wideband Monopole Antenna using Single Open Loop Resonator for Wire...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A novel single layer, microstrip line fed compact wideband monopole antenna using open loop resonator has been designed and analyzed. The proposed antenna occupies a compact size of only 30 36.5 1.6 mm3. A partial ground plane is employed to enhance the operating bandwidth and reflection coefficient of the proposed antenna. The variations in operating bandwidth of the proposed antenna can be easily controlled by properly adjusting the position of the gap in the open loop resonator.The antenna prototype is fabricated on FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant 4.2. In this design, the antenna exhibits 10dB wide impedance bandwidth of 61% from 2.0174 to 3.7903 GHz.The antenna can be easily fed using a 50 Ω microstrip feed line and it covers the bandwidth requirements of a number of modern wireless communication systems such as IEEE 502.11b WLAN band (2.4 2.5 GHz), extended UMTS (2.5 2.69 GHz), IMT (2.7 2.9 GHz), and IEEE 802.16 Wi MAX band (3.3 3.6 GHz) applications. The desired antenna is designed and simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST). An extensive analysis of the antenna parameters (reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, directivity, and VSWR) including surface current distributions is presented and discussed in this paper. Good agreement between simulated and measured result is obtained.
This document describes the design and implementation of a printed monopole antenna for use in the 2.4-2.4835 GHz Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. It begins with an introduction to wireless communications in the ISM band and the challenges of developing small, low-cost integrated antennas for these applications. It then outlines the methodology for antenna design which includes calculating dimensions, simulation, observation, and hardware implementation. The design specification and steps taken to design the rectangular microstrip patch antenna are provided, including choosing parameters like resonant frequency, dielectric material, and substrate height. Simulation results for parameters like radiation pattern and bandwidth are analyzed. The document concludes that printed monopole antennas are well-suited for ISM band applications
Design compact microstrap patch antenna with T-shaped 5G applicationjournalBEEI
This document describes the design of a compact T-shaped microstrip patch antenna for 5G applications between 2.9-4.4 GHz. The antenna is printed on Rogers RT/588 lz substrate that is 0.25 mm thick with a dielectric constant of 2.00. Simulation results show the antenna achieves a return loss of -28.76 dB at its resonant frequency of 3.6 GHz. It has a fractional bandwidth of 42.81% from 2.90 to 4.48 GHz. The antenna's peak gain is 2.52 dB and radiation efficiency is 98.474% at 3.6 GHz. Introducing the T-shape allows the antenna to operate at a lower frequency while maintaining a compact
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidt...IRJET Journal
The document describes a design for a microstrip patch antenna with enhanced bandwidth and harmonic suppression for WLAN applications. A pair of quarter-wavelength resonators are placed in parallel with the rectangular patch to increase bandwidth through electromagnetic coupling at two resonant frequencies. A shorting pin is used to combine the resonators and suppress harmonic radiation. Simulation results show the proposed antenna achieves over 20% bandwidth compared to a traditional patch antenna, and reduces harmonic radiation. The antenna is designed to resonate at 3.6GHz for WLAN applications using FR4 substrate.
This document summarizes a research paper that models and simulates wireless local area networks (WLANs) using OPNET software. It aims to improve WLAN performance by replacing copper network infrastructure with fiber-optic cables.
The paper introduces WLAN and radio-fiber technologies. It then describes modeling a baseline 802.11g WLAN scenario and modified scenario using a radio-fiber system in OPNET. Response times of applications like web browsing, file transfer, email and database access are measured and compared between the baseline and modified scenarios. Simulation results show response times significantly improved for web browsing but increased slightly for file transfer in the radio-fiber system compared to the baseline WLAN.
This document describes a dual-band microstrip patch antenna designed for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. The antenna consists of an L-shaped element and an E-shaped element printed on an FR4 substrate to generate two resonant modes at around 2.4 GHz and 6 GHz, covering the lower and higher WLAN bands. A microstrip stub is also introduced for impedance matching, which improves the gain and radiation efficiency. The antenna was simulated using Ansoft HFSS and achieved return losses of -38.08 dB and -40.74 dB at 2.4 GHz and 6 GHz respectively, demonstrating dual-band operation for WLAN systems.
DESIGN OF A COMPACT CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONS pijans
This paper presents the design of a compact circular microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications which covers the band 5.15 to 5.825 GHz. The antenna is designed using 1.4mm thick FR-4 (lossy)substrate with relative permittivity 4.4 and a microstrip line feed is used. The radius of the circular patch is chosen as 7.62mm. To reduce the size and enhance the performance of the proposed antenna, a circular slot is loaded on circular patch and a square slot is etched on the ground plane of dimension 30mm×30mm. Design of the antenna is carried out using CST Microsoft Studio Sonimulation Software. The proposed antenna resonates at 5.5 GHz with a wider bandwidth of 702 MHz and it provides low return loss of -31.58 dB, good gain of 3.23 dB and directivity of 4.28 dBi and high efficiency of around 79% against the resonance frequency. The geometry of the proposed circular antenna with reduced size and its various performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, directivity, efficiency and radiation pattern plots are presented and discussed.
A Low Profile CombinedArray Antenna for Wireless Applicationdbpublications
This document describes the design and simulation of a low profile combined array microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications. The antenna was designed to operate in the extended wireless local area network band of 5.7 GHz using FR4 substrate. It consists of a central circular patch surrounded by 4 square arrays on each side for directivity. Simulation in HFSS showed return losses below -10 dB, voltage standing wave ratios below 2, and gains around 5.4 dB. Radiation patterns were omni-directional and efficiency was calculated to be 96.45%. The antenna was concluded to satisfactorily cover X-band applications with a bandwidth of 93 MHz centered at 8.2 GHz.
This document describes the design and simulation of a fractal coplanar waveguide fed multiband antenna. Five iterations of a fractal antenna design are created using FR4 epoxy substrate. The antenna is simulated using HFSS software. The results show the antenna operates at multiple bands in the L, C, and X bands with suitable return loss and VSWR across the bands. The fractal design approach allows the antenna to achieve multiband operation while maintaining a small size.
1) The document describes a coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with a band-notch feature to reject the WiMAX band (3.35-3.8 GHz).
2) The antenna consists of a circular disc truncated at the top with a folded U-slot etched near the edge to produce the band-rejection characteristics.
3) Measurements show the antenna operates from 3.1-12 GHz with rejection of the WiMAX band, and it maintains an omnidirectional radiation pattern and stable gain across the UWB band except at the rejected frequencies.
This document discusses various approaches for integrated front end design for RF applications through antenna and filter co-design. It describes how co-designing the antenna and filter can reduce size, losses, and improve bandwidth efficiency. Several co-design approaches are presented, including using a common ground plane between a hairpin filter and microstrip notch antenna, and between a loop loaded dual band monopole antenna and microstrip dual band pseudo-interdigital band pass filter for wireless applications. Overall, the co-design approaches aim to optimize size, performance, and bandwidth through improved matching between the antenna and filter components.
Design of Millimeter Wave Micro strip Patch Antenna for MIMO CommunicationIRJET Journal
1. The document describes the design of a millimeter wave microstrip patch antenna array for MIMO communication systems operating at 29.5 GHz.
2. A rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed using a metamaterial substrate to improve bandwidth and data rate. The antenna is modeled and simulated using HFSS software.
3. Key design parameters of the antenna include a dielectric constant of 2.2, dielectric height of 1.6mm, patch width of 4.371mm, and length of 2.541mm. Simulation results are presented and discussed.
Novel design of a low cost microstripline fed shorted patch antennaiaemedu
This document describes the design and testing of a novel low-cost microstrip-fed shorted patch antenna (MSFSPA) for communication applications. Key findings include:
- The MSFSPA was designed with a patch size of 36.3x47.3mm suspended 1.6mm above the substrate and fed via a microstrip line suspended 3.2mm above the substrate.
- Experimental testing found dual resonant frequencies of 3.62GHz and 4.99GHz with bandwidths of 14.25% and 8.07% respectively, suitable for S and C band communications.
- Radiation patterns were linearly polarized and broadside, with low cross polarization levels below -5dB
IRJET- Design of Mid-Band Frequency Patch Antenna for 5G ApplicationsIRJET Journal
The document describes the design of a rectangular patch antenna array for 5G applications operating at 5.2GHz. A two element rectangular patch antenna array is designed using FR-4 substrate with a microstrip line feed. Simulations show the antenna array achieves a bandwidth of 1GHz and gain of around 6dBi. Key steps included calculating dimensions of a single rectangular patch, designing a two patch array with a quarter-wave transformer for impedance matching, and simulating the return loss and directivity.
IRJET- Design of Composite Circular Microstrip Patch Dual Band Antenna for Wi...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a composite circular microstrip patch dual band antenna for wireless applications. The antenna was designed using CST Microwave Studio software. Key features of the antenna include operating in the ISM band at 5.8 GHz using FR4 as the substrate material, having a radius of 9.8mm and dual feeding technique. Simulation results showed the antenna achieved a gain of 4.2 dB, return loss of -27 dB, and VSWR of nearly 50 ohms at the resonant frequency of 5.8 GHz. The proposed antenna design was found to have improved bandwidth and performance for wireless applications.
Single Band MIMO Antenna for WLAN/Wi-MAX ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and simulation of a compact single band MIMO antenna for WLAN applications operating from 2.3719-2.5839 GHz. The antenna consists of two bowtie antennas placed above and below an FR-4 substrate with a triangular microstrip feed to provide port isolation. Simulation results show the antenna achieves 8.4% bandwidth and low envelope correlation coefficient, making it suitable for MIMO technology.
Design of Compact E-Shaped Slot Multiband Antenna Wireless SystemsIRJET Journal
The document describes the design of a compact E-shaped slot multiband antenna for wireless applications. The antenna is designed to resonate at 1.2 GHz, 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 6.75 GHz, covering applications such as WiFi/WLAN, WiMAX, LTE, and ISM. An E-shaped slot is etched in the patch and a circular patch is attached to the ground plane to achieve multiband operation. Simulation results show the antenna offers good return loss response below -10 dB at the four bands with a total bandwidth of 2990 MHz. Radiation patterns are omni-directional, making the antenna suitable for wireless communication systems. The compact design and multiband performance make
Review Paper on Design of Integrated Multi-Band UWB Antenna for Wireless Appl...IRJET Journal
The document reviews different techniques for designing an integrated multi-band UWB antenna for wireless applications. It summarizes several papers that propose designs for antennas covering various combinations of lower frequency bands (e.g. Bluetooth, GSM, WLAN) in addition to the ultra-wideband range. The key techniques discussed are modifying a base UWB antenna design by adding resonant strips or etching notches to achieve additional frequency bands. One design example presented combines a diamond-shaped UWB patch antenna with quarter-wavelength resonant strips to create a quad-band antenna covering GPS, GSM, WLAN and UWB bands. Another example integrates Bluetooth and GSM bands into a circular UWB antenna using a circular arc and rectangular strip
Dual-band aperture coupled antenna with harmonic suppression capabilityTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The paper presents an aperture-coupled dual-band linearly-polarized antenna with harmonic suppression capability, operating at frequency 2.45 GHz and 5.00 GHz. In purpose of improving the directivity of antenna at the operating frequency of 2.45 GHz and 5.00 GHz, a modified inverted π-shaped slot-etched patch on the lower layer of the stacked antenna is introduced alongside the 50 Ω feed line. The harmonic suppression capability is achieved by the introduction of U-slot and asymmetrical left-right-handed stub at the transmission feed line, suppressing unwanted harmonic signals from 6.00 GHz up to 10.00 GHz. The final design of the antenna has produced very good reflection coefficient of -18.87 dB at 2.45 GHz and -19.57 dB at 5.00 GHz with third and higher order harmonic suppression up to -4 dB.
Design of t shaped fractal patch antenna for wireless applicationseSAT Journals
Abstract Since the evolution of the patch antennas, there is rapid growth observed in the applications of the patch antenna. There are number of advantages such as small size, ease of fabrication and installment, and a stable performance, so there are huge number of designs has been developed and presented by the researchers time to time. Taking an example of the mobile phone antennas, the antenna must have a small size and must be capable to resonate at multiple frequency bands. Reviewing about the various requirements of the antenna design for the wireless applications a novel multiple band fractal patch antenna has been designed. In this paper, a T-shaped patch antenna has been designed and discussed and fractal geometry has been applied to it in order to obtain self-similar characteristics. The dimensions of the Square Patch has been taken as 36 x 36 mm. Dimension of ground has been taken as been taken as 50 x 50 mm. The substrate material used for antenna design is FR-4 having dielectric constant 4.4. Antenna resonates at four operating bands 3.5 GHz, 4.48 GHz, 6.1 GHz and 8.17 GHz. This antenna has return loss of -16.76 dB, -16 dB, -28.63 dB and -15.03dB with bandwidth of 432 MHz, 332 MHz, 295 MHz and 364 MHz at resonant frequencies. Further this antenna has impressive gain of 3.55 dBi, 5.7 dBi and 3.16 dBi and 3.27 dBi at corresponding frequencies. This antenna can be useful for Wi-Max, 4G network, WLAN, Satellite & RADAR communication applications. Key Words: Wireless applications, WLAN, Fractal Microstrip Patch Antenna.
IRJET- Microstrip Patch Antenna for C Band Satellite ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a microstrip patch antenna design for C-band satellite applications. Key points:
- The antenna was designed, simulated, and optimized using HFSS software to have an operating frequency bandwidth of 0.3GHz between 5.1-5.9GHz for uplink and downlink signals.
- Simulation results found the antenna achieved a maximum return loss of -24dB and radiation patterns were stable in the operating frequency range.
- A hardware prototype was constructed on an FR-4 substrate with dimensions of 40x40mm and tested to meet requirements for military satellite communications.
A Review paper on design for microstrip patch antennaIRJET Journal
This document reviews techniques for designing efficient microstrip patch antennas. It summarizes several papers that propose different techniques such as slot cutting, fractal geometry, and defected ground structures to improve antenna characteristics like bandwidth and gain. It then describes the design of an initiator patch antenna, including selecting parameters like operating frequency, dielectric constant, and substrate height. Dimensions of the initiator patch are calculated and different shaped slots are analyzed to modify the design. In conclusion, while techniques can improve limitations, further research is still needed to address issues like complex structures and reduced bandwidth or gain.
A Compact Wideband Monopole Antenna using Single Open Loop Resonator for Wire...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A novel single layer, microstrip line fed compact wideband monopole antenna using open loop resonator has been designed and analyzed. The proposed antenna occupies a compact size of only 30 36.5 1.6 mm3. A partial ground plane is employed to enhance the operating bandwidth and reflection coefficient of the proposed antenna. The variations in operating bandwidth of the proposed antenna can be easily controlled by properly adjusting the position of the gap in the open loop resonator.The antenna prototype is fabricated on FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant 4.2. In this design, the antenna exhibits 10dB wide impedance bandwidth of 61% from 2.0174 to 3.7903 GHz.The antenna can be easily fed using a 50 Ω microstrip feed line and it covers the bandwidth requirements of a number of modern wireless communication systems such as IEEE 502.11b WLAN band (2.4 2.5 GHz), extended UMTS (2.5 2.69 GHz), IMT (2.7 2.9 GHz), and IEEE 802.16 Wi MAX band (3.3 3.6 GHz) applications. The desired antenna is designed and simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST). An extensive analysis of the antenna parameters (reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, directivity, and VSWR) including surface current distributions is presented and discussed in this paper. Good agreement between simulated and measured result is obtained.
This document describes the design and implementation of a printed monopole antenna for use in the 2.4-2.4835 GHz Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. It begins with an introduction to wireless communications in the ISM band and the challenges of developing small, low-cost integrated antennas for these applications. It then outlines the methodology for antenna design which includes calculating dimensions, simulation, observation, and hardware implementation. The design specification and steps taken to design the rectangular microstrip patch antenna are provided, including choosing parameters like resonant frequency, dielectric material, and substrate height. Simulation results for parameters like radiation pattern and bandwidth are analyzed. The document concludes that printed monopole antennas are well-suited for ISM band applications
Design compact microstrap patch antenna with T-shaped 5G applicationjournalBEEI
This document describes the design of a compact T-shaped microstrip patch antenna for 5G applications between 2.9-4.4 GHz. The antenna is printed on Rogers RT/588 lz substrate that is 0.25 mm thick with a dielectric constant of 2.00. Simulation results show the antenna achieves a return loss of -28.76 dB at its resonant frequency of 3.6 GHz. It has a fractional bandwidth of 42.81% from 2.90 to 4.48 GHz. The antenna's peak gain is 2.52 dB and radiation efficiency is 98.474% at 3.6 GHz. Introducing the T-shape allows the antenna to operate at a lower frequency while maintaining a compact
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidt...IRJET Journal
The document describes a design for a microstrip patch antenna with enhanced bandwidth and harmonic suppression for WLAN applications. A pair of quarter-wavelength resonators are placed in parallel with the rectangular patch to increase bandwidth through electromagnetic coupling at two resonant frequencies. A shorting pin is used to combine the resonators and suppress harmonic radiation. Simulation results show the proposed antenna achieves over 20% bandwidth compared to a traditional patch antenna, and reduces harmonic radiation. The antenna is designed to resonate at 3.6GHz for WLAN applications using FR4 substrate.
This document summarizes a research paper that models and simulates wireless local area networks (WLANs) using OPNET software. It aims to improve WLAN performance by replacing copper network infrastructure with fiber-optic cables.
The paper introduces WLAN and radio-fiber technologies. It then describes modeling a baseline 802.11g WLAN scenario and modified scenario using a radio-fiber system in OPNET. Response times of applications like web browsing, file transfer, email and database access are measured and compared between the baseline and modified scenarios. Simulation results show response times significantly improved for web browsing but increased slightly for file transfer in the radio-fiber system compared to the baseline WLAN.
This document describes a dual-band microstrip patch antenna designed for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. The antenna consists of an L-shaped element and an E-shaped element printed on an FR4 substrate to generate two resonant modes at around 2.4 GHz and 6 GHz, covering the lower and higher WLAN bands. A microstrip stub is also introduced for impedance matching, which improves the gain and radiation efficiency. The antenna was simulated using Ansoft HFSS and achieved return losses of -38.08 dB and -40.74 dB at 2.4 GHz and 6 GHz respectively, demonstrating dual-band operation for WLAN systems.
DESIGN OF A COMPACT CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONS pijans
This paper presents the design of a compact circular microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications which covers the band 5.15 to 5.825 GHz. The antenna is designed using 1.4mm thick FR-4 (lossy)substrate with relative permittivity 4.4 and a microstrip line feed is used. The radius of the circular patch is chosen as 7.62mm. To reduce the size and enhance the performance of the proposed antenna, a circular slot is loaded on circular patch and a square slot is etched on the ground plane of dimension 30mm×30mm. Design of the antenna is carried out using CST Microsoft Studio Sonimulation Software. The proposed antenna resonates at 5.5 GHz with a wider bandwidth of 702 MHz and it provides low return loss of -31.58 dB, good gain of 3.23 dB and directivity of 4.28 dBi and high efficiency of around 79% against the resonance frequency. The geometry of the proposed circular antenna with reduced size and its various performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, directivity, efficiency and radiation pattern plots are presented and discussed.
A Low Profile CombinedArray Antenna for Wireless Applicationdbpublications
This document describes the design and simulation of a low profile combined array microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications. The antenna was designed to operate in the extended wireless local area network band of 5.7 GHz using FR4 substrate. It consists of a central circular patch surrounded by 4 square arrays on each side for directivity. Simulation in HFSS showed return losses below -10 dB, voltage standing wave ratios below 2, and gains around 5.4 dB. Radiation patterns were omni-directional and efficiency was calculated to be 96.45%. The antenna was concluded to satisfactorily cover X-band applications with a bandwidth of 93 MHz centered at 8.2 GHz.
This document describes the design and simulation of a fractal coplanar waveguide fed multiband antenna. Five iterations of a fractal antenna design are created using FR4 epoxy substrate. The antenna is simulated using HFSS software. The results show the antenna operates at multiple bands in the L, C, and X bands with suitable return loss and VSWR across the bands. The fractal design approach allows the antenna to achieve multiband operation while maintaining a small size.
1) The document describes a coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with a band-notch feature to reject the WiMAX band (3.35-3.8 GHz).
2) The antenna consists of a circular disc truncated at the top with a folded U-slot etched near the edge to produce the band-rejection characteristics.
3) Measurements show the antenna operates from 3.1-12 GHz with rejection of the WiMAX band, and it maintains an omnidirectional radiation pattern and stable gain across the UWB band except at the rejected frequencies.
This document discusses various approaches for integrated front end design for RF applications through antenna and filter co-design. It describes how co-designing the antenna and filter can reduce size, losses, and improve bandwidth efficiency. Several co-design approaches are presented, including using a common ground plane between a hairpin filter and microstrip notch antenna, and between a loop loaded dual band monopole antenna and microstrip dual band pseudo-interdigital band pass filter for wireless applications. Overall, the co-design approaches aim to optimize size, performance, and bandwidth through improved matching between the antenna and filter components.
Design of Millimeter Wave Micro strip Patch Antenna for MIMO CommunicationIRJET Journal
1. The document describes the design of a millimeter wave microstrip patch antenna array for MIMO communication systems operating at 29.5 GHz.
2. A rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed using a metamaterial substrate to improve bandwidth and data rate. The antenna is modeled and simulated using HFSS software.
3. Key design parameters of the antenna include a dielectric constant of 2.2, dielectric height of 1.6mm, patch width of 4.371mm, and length of 2.541mm. Simulation results are presented and discussed.
Novel design of a low cost microstripline fed shorted patch antennaiaemedu
This document describes the design and testing of a novel low-cost microstrip-fed shorted patch antenna (MSFSPA) for communication applications. Key findings include:
- The MSFSPA was designed with a patch size of 36.3x47.3mm suspended 1.6mm above the substrate and fed via a microstrip line suspended 3.2mm above the substrate.
- Experimental testing found dual resonant frequencies of 3.62GHz and 4.99GHz with bandwidths of 14.25% and 8.07% respectively, suitable for S and C band communications.
- Radiation patterns were linearly polarized and broadside, with low cross polarization levels below -5dB
IRJET- Design of Mid-Band Frequency Patch Antenna for 5G ApplicationsIRJET Journal
The document describes the design of a rectangular patch antenna array for 5G applications operating at 5.2GHz. A two element rectangular patch antenna array is designed using FR-4 substrate with a microstrip line feed. Simulations show the antenna array achieves a bandwidth of 1GHz and gain of around 6dBi. Key steps included calculating dimensions of a single rectangular patch, designing a two patch array with a quarter-wave transformer for impedance matching, and simulating the return loss and directivity.
IRJET- Design of Composite Circular Microstrip Patch Dual Band Antenna for Wi...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a composite circular microstrip patch dual band antenna for wireless applications. The antenna was designed using CST Microwave Studio software. Key features of the antenna include operating in the ISM band at 5.8 GHz using FR4 as the substrate material, having a radius of 9.8mm and dual feeding technique. Simulation results showed the antenna achieved a gain of 4.2 dB, return loss of -27 dB, and VSWR of nearly 50 ohms at the resonant frequency of 5.8 GHz. The proposed antenna design was found to have improved bandwidth and performance for wireless applications.
Design of a Wideband 8x8 MIMO Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of an 8x8 MIMO microstrip patch antenna array for 5G applications operating from 4.9-6.2 GHz. Slots are etched into the patch to achieve wideband operation and compact size. Simulation results show return loss below -11 dB across the band, isolation above 16 dB between elements, and gains between 1.2-4.6 dB. The antenna presents a simple, small size design suitable for 5G devices.
IRJET - Design and Simulation of Multiband Microstrip AntennaIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and simulation of a multiband microstrip antenna. It begins with an abstract describing how fractal geometries have been used to improve antenna features like bandwidth. It then provides background on previous research using fractal shapes to design wideband and multiband antennas. This project aims to enhance bandwidth by combining different geometries into a hybrid fractal antenna. The antenna is analyzed using CST Microwave Studio software. Various feeding techniques and fractal geometries are tested to optimize parameters like efficiency and bandwidth. The document concludes the antenna has a wider bandwidth than regular antennas and further optimization of parameters could increase bandwidth for multiple applications.
IRJET- Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for Military ApplicationsIRJET Journal
The document describes the design of an E-shaped microstrip patch antenna for military applications operating at 2.54GHz (S-band). It discusses the design process, including calculating the antenna dimensions based on design equations. A prototype antenna was modeled in CST simulation software using FR-4 substrate. Simulation results showed the E-shaped patch antenna achieved improved gain and bandwidth compared to a conventional square patch antenna. Potential applications of the antenna include wireless communications and the antenna design could be further optimized for frequency agility.
IRJET- Design and Simulation of Mm Wave Sierpinski Antenna Loaded with Unipla...IRJET Journal
The document describes the design and simulation of a Sierpinski fractal antenna loaded with an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure for 5G applications in the millimeter wave bands. The Sierpinski fractal antenna achieves multi-band operation at 29.05 GHz, 35.75 GHz, and 41 GHz but has low gain. An optimized unipolar EBG unit cell is proposed to load onto the antenna for gain enhancement. Simulation results show the EBG-loaded antenna achieves peak gains of 5.37 dBi at 28 GHz and 14.37 dBi at 68 GHz, improving on the low gain of the unloaded antenna. The compact, multi-band antenna design makes it a suitable
IRJET- Multiple Band Microstrip Patch Antenna with DGS for X Band, Ku Band an...IRJET Journal
This document describes a multiple band microstrip patch antenna designed to operate in the X band, Ku band, and K band frequency ranges. The antenna is fabricated using an FR4 epoxy substrate with a thickness of 1.6mm. Rectangular slots are etched into the patch and ground plane to generate multiple resonances at 9.1 GHz, 10.1 GHz, 11 GHz, 16.7 GHz, and 19.1 GHz. A defected ground structure in the form of a circular ring slot is used to improve antenna performance. High frequency structural simulation software is used to analyze the antenna design. The proposed antenna is suitable for applications in X band, Ku band and K band radar and satellite communications.
Small Size Planar Inverted-F Antenna for WiMAX ApplicationsIJEEE
This work presents a small size planner inverted-F antenna (PIFA), with a single feed which covers WiMAX (3.2-3.6 GHz) and (5-5.8 GHz) range. The proposed antenna has many advantages like compact size and wide operation bandwidth. The antenna portion of 20mm* 15mm and the overall dimension25mm *40mm can be easily applied in the USB dongle.
Compact Quad-band Antenna for WiMax Applicationijsrd.com
A single feed quad band compact rectangular microstrip antenna for Wi-max applications has been designed and developed. This antenna is incorporated by one c-shaped slot, one L-shaped slot & two I-shaped slot structure along the length on the patch. Four resonating frequencies are obtained at 2.5 GHz with return loss -25.01 dB, 3.5 GHz with return loss -17.9 dB, 4.9 GHz with return loss -25.74 dB and 5.8 GHz with return loss -28.32 dB. The size of the antenna has been reduced by 77.3% when compared to a conventional microstrip patch without slot. An extensive analysis of the return loss, radiation pattern and efficiency of the proposed antenna has been given in this paper. The characteristics of the designed structure is simulated by High frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software and implemented using RT DUROID dielectric substrate which has ϵr = 2.2 and h = 1.575mm. The proposed antenna leads to multi frequency operation makes it suitable for Wireless Communication applications.
Design and optimize microstrip patch antenna array using the active element p...journalBEEI
Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in modern day communication devices due to their light weight, low cost and ease of fabrication. In this paper, we have designed and fabricated two Microstrip Patch Antennas (slotted-ring and truncated-slotted ring) and array at 2.4 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications using Computer Simulation Technology, CST. The antenna design consists of rectangular radiating patch on Rogers RT5880 substrate and is excited by using coaxial probe feeding technique. The truncated-slotted ring has been designed on top of the radiating patch to improve bandwidth. The simulation and measurement results of the both antennas are in close agreement with each other. Due to the good agreement of simulation and measurement results of truncated-slotted ring antenna in comparison with slotted-ring antenna, it has been selected for antenna array design. The simulated and measured S11 of truncated-slotted ring antenna shows -21dB and -15.6 dB at 2.4 GHz respectively. Then, the antenna has been formed into 1x4 array in order to observe its beamforming capability. The proposed antenna array is suitable for 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi standard which is proposed to be used for IoT.
IRJET- MIMO Antenna with Notched Band Characteristics for UWB ApplicationsIRJET Journal
1) The document presents a compact notched MIMO antenna for UWB applications.
2) The antenna has a size of 25x25mm and two symmetrical antenna elements placed vertically to achieve good diversity performance.
3) An L-shaped slit is used to create a notched band between 5.8-6.5GHz to reduce interference between UWB systems and C-band satellite communications.
Design Implementation of Multi Band Antenna Array for Wireless ApplicationsIJSRED
This document describes the design and simulation of a dual-band microstrip antenna array for wireless applications. A dual-band microstrip antenna was designed to operate in the Wi-Fi LAN bands (5.25 GHz) and IEEE 802.11 a/b/g bands (9.25 GHz). The antenna was implemented on a flexible polyimide substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.3 and thickness of 1.6 mm. Simulation results using HFSS showed that the designed antenna achieves dual-band operation through proper determination of feed line position and inset size. Equations for designing microstrip patch antennas and calculating key parameters like resonance frequency, patch size, and feed line impedance are also presented.
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX APPLIC...jantjournal
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX jantjournal
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX APPLIC...jantjournal
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz (ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
A TRIPLE RECTANGULAR-SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN & WIMAX APPLIC...jantjournal
A triple rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna is designed and investigated with and without slot
using CST Software. By using the triple rectangular shaped slot the designed antenna operates at 2.4GHz
(ranging from 2.3704 GHz (Gigahertz) to 2.4391 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WLAN (Wireless Local
Area Network) and 3.6GHz (ranging from 3.5643 GHz to 3.6548 GHz at -10dB return loss) for WiMAX
(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications having a maximum return loss -28.5dB
and -25.4dB respectively. For the design of this antenna we have chosen FR-4 (lossy) as substrate having
permittivity 4.3. The designed antenna has appreciable values of gain and directivity at both the
frequencies. The proposed antenna works on the principle of excitation of the slots at the operating
frequencies. The antenna was designed keeping in mind the two major Wireless standards i.e., WLAN and
WiMAX bands of frequencies. The proposed triple-rectangular slots are unique in terms of its construction
and have appreciable results at the operating frequencies.
A Review on Recent DGS Techniques on Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna for W...ijtsrd
The document reviews various techniques that have been proposed by researchers to achieve multiband operation in microstrip patch antennas. Slotting of the patch and ground plane and use of defected ground structures are some methods that have been implemented to introduce multiband functionality. Other techniques discussed include loading the patch with different shaped slots, parasitic elements, and use of fractal geometries. The techniques allow covering multiple wireless communication bands simultaneously with improved parameters like bandwidth and gain for applications such as WiFi, Bluetooth, GSM, and WiMAX.
A small H-shaped microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with enhanced bandwidth is presented. The H-shaped antenna is first studied and then fully simulated by HFSS. A dual U slot H patch configuration is proposed to increase the narrow bandwidth, radiation efficiency and directivity. A novel H-shaped patch antenna suitable for wireless and satellite communications is presented. This paper presents the dual U slot H-shaped microstrip patch antenna feed by transmission line. The decrease in the prices of handheld devices and services has made available on the move internet and web services facility to the customers, small antennas requirement are increasing. In this paper H-shaped patch antenna is designed using FR4 substrate. The proposed modified H shaped antenna is designed and simulated using HFSS and caters to various wireless applications such as WiMAX, Wi-Fi, UMTS and Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) e.g. T V, etc.
IRJET- Performance Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Different Shapes...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the performance of microstrip patch antennas of different shapes and materials in the C band frequency range. It designs microstrip patch antennas with T, U, and E shaped patches using FR-4 and RT-duroid 5870 materials as substrates. The antennas are designed and simulated using HFSS software. Key findings include that FR-4 material provides better return loss than RT-duroid. Gain varies with patch dimensions, substrate, and thickness. The E-shaped patch antenna produces the best radiation efficiency and return loss across frequencies of 2.4GHz and 5GHz.
DESIGN OF A COMPACT CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONSpijans
This paper presents the design of a compact circular microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications
which covers the band 5.15 to 5.825 GHz. The antenna is designed using 1.4mm thick FR-4
(lossy)substrate with relative permittivity 4.4 and a microstrip line feed is used. The radius of the
circular patch is chosen as 7.62mm. To reduce the size and enhance the performance of the proposed
antenna, a circular slot is loaded on circular patch and a square slot is etched on the ground plane of
dimension 30mm×30mm. Design of the antenna is carried out using CST Microsoft Studio Sonimulation
Software. The proposed antenna resonates at 5.5 GHz with a wider bandwidth of 702 MHz and it provides
low return loss of -31.58 dB, good gain of 3.23 dB and directivity of 4.28 dBi and high efficiency of around
79% against the resonance frequency. The geometry of the proposed circular antenna with reduced size
and its various performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, directivity, efficiency
and radiation pattern plots are presented and discussed.
Similar to IRJET- A Compact Triple Band Meandered Line Antenna for 2.4/3.6/5 GHZ WIFI-SAT.COM Applications (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.