Horizontal Distribution & Differences of Temperature
If the Earth was a homogeneous body without the present land/ocean distribution, its temperature distribution would be strictly latitudinal. However, the Earth is more complex than this, being composed of a mosaic of land and water. This mosaic causes latitudinal (horizontal) zonation of temperature to be disrupted spatially.
Horizontal Distribution & Differences of Temperature
If the Earth was a homogeneous body without the present land/ocean distribution, its temperature distribution would be strictly latitudinal. However, the Earth is more complex than this, being composed of a mosaic of land and water. This mosaic causes latitudinal (horizontal) zonation of temperature to be disrupted spatially.
Soil formation or pedogenesis is the combined effect of human impact on the environment, physical, chemical and biological processes working on soil parent material.
Definition, metamorphism.
limits and type of metamorphic agents.
Metamorphic processes.
Types of Metamorphism
Classification of metamorphic rocks and textures of metamorphic rocks
Mineral assemblages and Metamorphic grade and facies of metamorphic rocks.
Graphic representation of metamorphic mineral parageneses.
This topic is all about Glaciation. This includes; the causes of glaciation, the origin of glaciers, formation, primary types, movement, the erosional, transportation and depositional mechanisms. This also includes the common landforms brought by glaciers.
|| A note on soil ||
|| Introduction/Profile of soil ||
|| Characteristics &Types of soil ||
|| Production & Formation of soil ||
|| Properties & classification of soil ||
Soil formation or pedogenesis is the combined effect of human impact on the environment, physical, chemical and biological processes working on soil parent material.
Definition, metamorphism.
limits and type of metamorphic agents.
Metamorphic processes.
Types of Metamorphism
Classification of metamorphic rocks and textures of metamorphic rocks
Mineral assemblages and Metamorphic grade and facies of metamorphic rocks.
Graphic representation of metamorphic mineral parageneses.
This topic is all about Glaciation. This includes; the causes of glaciation, the origin of glaciers, formation, primary types, movement, the erosional, transportation and depositional mechanisms. This also includes the common landforms brought by glaciers.
|| A note on soil ||
|| Introduction/Profile of soil ||
|| Characteristics &Types of soil ||
|| Production & Formation of soil ||
|| Properties & classification of soil ||
In this presentation, different aspects of edaphic factor like soil forming process, soil forming rocks, Soil profile, major soil types of India, physiochemical properties of soil, soil erosion and soil conservation are explained.
Leaving Certificate Geography
Economic Elective
Students are required to study developed economies and changes that have occurred in the economic activities that take place in these economies.
This is a case study designed to teach students how industrial decline occurred in Wallonia and some of the impacts that this decline has on the country,
Leaving Certificate Geography
Economic Elective
Students must study Developed Economies as part of the Economic Elective. Mass Tourism in Spain is a case study that may be studied as part of Developed Economies.
Leaving Certificate Geography: Economic Elective
Students must study Developed Economies as part of the Economic Elective. Financial Services in Ireland is a Case Study of a Developed Economy.
Past Exam Question:
Examine the development of services in a developed economy that you have studied. (30 marks)
Secondary activities, tertiary activities and human processes in the Mezzogiorno region.
Teaching aid for discussing these activities for regional geography (Leaving Certificate Geography)
Core Unit 2: Leaving Certificate Gegraphy (Ordinary Level)Aisling O Connor
Ordinary Level Geography: Core Unit 2 (Regional Geography).
These are past exam questions from Leaving Certificate Geography 2013 backwards. These questions are only those relating to regional geography in Ireland for Ordinary level only.
Leaving Certificate Geography Higher Level.
Past exam questions (2013 back) from Core Unit 2: Regional Geography. These exam questions only relate to Irish regions.
The Greater Dublin Area (GDA region) is an example of a core socio-economic region in Ireland. It is comprised of four counties: Dublin, Meath, Kildare and Wicklow. This core region is often contrasted with the peripheral socio-economic region - the BMW or Border Midlands and West region. The GDA is studied for both higher and ordinary level Leaving Certificate Geography in Ireland.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Exam Brief
Typical Exam Question:
“Examine the development of an
Irish soil that you have studied.”
3. Irish Soils
Despite
its small size, Ireland has a variety
of soils.
Brown earths are the most common soil
type.
They are mainly found in the centre of
Ireland.
4. Irish Soils
There are 4 main types
of soil in Ireland:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Brown soils
Podzol Soils
Peaty Soils
Gley Soils
5. Soil Profile:
Brown Earth Soil
No
distinct horizons –
uniformly brown in
colour.
This is due to the climate
which encourages the
presence and activity of
worms and beetles in
the soil.
These mix the soil up
and remove any
horizons that may form
due to leaching and
humification.
6. Factors influencing brown
earth soils in Ireland:
Climate
Relief
Living
organisms / vegetation
Parent material
Time
7. Climate
Brown
earth soil has developed in response to
Ireland’s cool maritime climate.
Temperature averages 15ºC in July to 6ºC in
January.
Soil temperature rarely cold enough to stop
biological activity completely.
Rainfall average 1500 mm per year.
Climate encourages year round
bacteria, earthworm and fungi activity.
Brown earth soils are found where soil
temperatures are above 0ºC for 9 months of the
year.
8. Relief
Relief
influences (1) depth and (2) drainage of this
soil.
Brown earth soils formed on slopes tend to be
thinner and well drained - mass movement
creates deep soils at the base of slopes.
In soils formed on colder higher ground there is
less animal activity and less humus is formed than
in soils formed on warmer lowlands.
Aspect: South-facing slopes have warmer soils
than north-facing so agriculture is often possible
on slopes with a southerly aspect.
9. Living organisms / Vegetation
• Brown earth soils develop under deciduous forests
(e.g. oak, ash, chestnut, birch).
• The top horizon has a thick layer of dark rich
humus due to the accumulation of leaves during
autumn.
• Due to the mild climate micro-organisms such as
bacteria and fungi are active for at least 9
months of the year adding to the fertility of soil.
• Animals like badgers and rabbits burrow into the
soil, churning it up and removing horizons.
10. Parent Material
The
parent material, or bedrock, is usually
boulder clay deposited during the last ice age.
Local changes to parent material have
created three variations (intrazonal) in brown
earth soil:
A.
B.
C.
Acidic brown earths – 500m above sea level on
crystalline rock (e.g. granite, sandstone)
Shallow brown earths – in limestone areas such
as Burren
Podzols – slightly leached, occur on glacial drift
of Irish lowlands.
11. Time
These
brown earth soils have
developed since last ice age
over 10,000 years ago.
They are mature, well
developed soils but have local
variations depending on
slope, aspect and drainage.
12. Characteristics of brown earth
soils in Ireland: COLOUR
Brown
in colour due to:
Presence
of humus which makes it
appear dark.
Action of leaching which washes
some nutrients out of soil so that it is
not too dark brown in colour.
13. Characteristics of brown earth
soils in Ireland: pH
Varies
from slightly alkaline to
slightly acidic due to temperate
climate and variations in parent
material.
Living things thrive in this pH.
14. Characteristics of brown earth
soils in Ireland: Humus Content
Brown
earth soils are rich in
humus because the natural
vegetation in Ireland is
deciduous forest.
15. Characteristics of brown earth
soils in Ireland: Structure
Brown
earth soils have a well
developed crumb structure that
provides pore spaces for air and
water, encouraging plant
growth.
16. Characteristics of brown earth
soils in Ireland: Texture
Generally
have a loam texture
due to presence of variety of
parent materials (e.g. sandstone
and shale).
17. Characteristics of brown earth
soils in Ireland: Water Content
Depends
on local conditions of
relief and drainage.
Because of its generally loam
texture and crumb
structure, these soils are not too
wet or dry.
They have a water content that
encourages plant growth.
19. Humification
Cool
temperate oceanic climate
encourages humification all year long.
Rate of humification:
Decreases in winter
Speeds up in summer
The
presence of large amounts of humus
adds to soil’s fertility.
20. Leaching
Year
round rainfall
causes moderate
amounts of leaching in
brown earth soils.
This adds to soil fertility by
gently washing nutrients
down to the soil.
Waterlogging can occur
in poorly drained areas
causing brown earth soils
to become gleys.