The document summarizes key aspects of the Iran-Iraq war that lasted from 1980 to 1988. It provides statistics on the human cost of war, including 1.5 million innocent lives lost and thousands injured. Quotes from various leaders are presented that condemn war and advocate for peace. The war began when Iraq invaded Iran to try to gain control of the Persian Gulf region. Though Iraq made early gains, Iran did not surrender territory. After 8 years of heavy fighting without a clear winner, both sides accepted a UN-mandated ceasefire in 1988 in a conflict that greatly damaged both nations.

1. War
By: Samin Mohebbi & Adeola
Social Conflict
“War does not determine who is right - only who is
left.” Bertrand Russell

2. “We know more about war that we know about peace,
more about killing that we know about living.”
Omar Bradley
1.5 million of innocents
killed.
More then $200 billion
invested.
Thousands of injured people.
Incalculable lives destroyed… “Give me the money that has been spent in war
and I will clothe every man, woman, and child
in an attire of which kings and queens will be
proud. I will build a schoolhouse in every valley
over the whole earth. I will crown every hillside
with a place of worship consecrated to
peace.” Charles Sumner

3. Iran’s former leader, lost his
power during the Iranian
revolution, that transformed Iran
from an absolute monarchy to an
Islamic republic.
“Let me tell you quite bluntly that
this king business has given me
personally nothing but headaches.”
Mohammed Reza Pahlavi

4. Dictator of Iraq from 1979 until 2003,
when his regime was overthrown by a
United States-led invasion. He was hanged
after the Trials of Saddam Hussein, when
he answered for all of his crimes against
humanity.
"The only thing that ever consoles man for the stupid things
he does is the praise he always gives himself for doing them.”
Oscar Wilde

5. Iranian religious leader and politician, and
leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution which
saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
Following the revolution and a national
referendum, Khomeini became the country's
Supreme Leader—a position created in the
constitution as the highest ranking political
and religious authority of the nation—until his
death.

6. The war officially began in September 22 of 1980,
when Iraq invaded Iran, trying to conquer the land of
Shatt al-Arab.
Iraqi spokesperson
said that Iran was
already attacking
some Iraqi towns
since September 4.
“It is forbidden to kill; therefore
all murderers are punished
unless they kill in large
numbers and to the sound of
trumpets.” Voltaire

7. In 1975, a militarily weaker Iraq had by treaty signed over
to Iran partial control of the waterway (Shatt al-Arab).
Iran's military was called the Middle
East's most powerful by General John
Abizaid chief of United States Central
Command (U.S. forces' commander in
the region).
In 1979, after the fall of Mohammad-Reza Shah, when Iran’s
military was weak because of the Iranian revolution, Iraq seized an
opportunity to reclaim the land of Shatt al-Arab, and tried to
conquer Khuzestan, an area known for its extensive oil fields.
“Everyone's a pacifist between wars.
It's like being a vegetarian between
meals.” Colman McCarthy

8. Escalation and Its
Development
Light
Heavy
Thinking as Iran as a weak country, Saddam was sure ton
conquer and take the control of the Persian golf within a month
The war last 8 years

9. Iranian leader Ruhollah
Khomeini declared that
Iran would not cease
fighting until Saddam's
regime was toppled.
The Iraqi offensive was initially
successful, capturing the port city
of Khorramshahr by the end of
1980.
“The direct use of force is such a
poor solution to any problem, it is
generally employed only by small
children and large nations.”
David Friedman

10. “I dream of giving birth to a child who will ask,
‘Mother, what was war?’” Eve Merriam

11. Iran’s attacks sullied it’s international reputation considerably,
making it difficult for Khomeini to obtain arms.
“In peace, sons bury
their fathers. In war,
fathers bury their sons.”
Herodotus

12. Strategic Choice
Point A to D
Avoiding
None of them
tried to avoid the
conflict
Yielding
As knowing themselves the owner of the
Persian Golf, and having a strong believe
in their maritime Generals, Iran didn’t
accept to yield
A B C
D
A B C
D
The war continues
Problem Solving
Allies intervene
The war continues
Contending
The war ends after 8
years without any result,
any territorial changes
but with more than 2
million death on both
sides

13. Conflict Spiral Model
With the help of allies, Iran changed its status from
the defender to aggressor and vis-versa
Heavy tactics used by party Heavy tactics used by Other

14. Finally, in July, 1988, Iran was
forced to accept a United
Nations–mandated cease-fire,
once the country was being
pressed by the Iraqi attacks and
the USA influence.
“If we don't end war, war will end us.” H.
G. Wells

15. “The problem in defense is how far you can
go without destroying from within what you
are trying to defend from without.”
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Iraq’s fielding the world's fourth largest military.
Iraq’s ended up making the same treaty for Shatt al-
Arab as the one of 1975.
Iraq's foreign exchange reserves, devastated its
economy, and left the country saddled with foreign debt
of more than $40 billion.
IRAQ

16. IRAN
“If you wish to be brothers, drop your weapons.” Pope John Paul II
In 1988, the United States
launched Operation Praying
Mantis against Iran, claiming that
it was retaliation for the Iranian
mining of areas of the Persian
Gulf as part of the Iran-Iraq war.
The attack neutralized Sassan oil
platform and the Sirri oil platform
of Iran.

17. Allies
The Arabs, and the Western Europe. the
Soviet Union was its largest supplier of
arms
“W
hen the rich wage war, it's the
poor who die.”Jean-Paul Sartre

18. Allies
In its war effort, Iran was supported by Syria
and Libya, and received much of its weaponry
from North Korea and China, as well as from
covert arms transactions from the United
States and Israel
“I don't know whether war is an interlude
during peace, or peace an interlude during
war.” Georges Clemenceau