This document provides information about interpersonal relationships including: - Definitions of interpersonal relationships and the dynamics between two or more individuals. - The purposes of interpersonal relationships for individuals, nurses, and patients which include personal growth, security, and trust. - The types of interpersonal relationships like family, friendship, and professional relationships. - The phases of interpersonal relationships including orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution. - Barriers to interpersonal relationships such as personal, social, and situational factors and methods to overcome them. - An explanation of the Johari Window model for self-awareness and improving understanding between individuals or groups.

1. Interpersonal
Relations
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO
Mr. Raj Baptist Pinto RN RM
Assistant professor
MSc Psychiatric Nursing
MS Psychotherapy and Counseling
PGDEMS & Disaster Management
MD EMS

2. OBJECTIVES
• Purpose and types
• Phases
• Barriers to interpersonal relations
• Methods of overcoming barriers
• Johari Window
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

3. INTRODUCTION
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

4. DEFINATION OF INTERPERSONAL
RELATIONSHIP
• IPR refers to the
reciprocal social and
emotional interactions
between two or more
individuals in an
environment
• IPR is defined as a close
association between
individuals who share
common interests and
goals
• IPR means interaction or
relations between two or
more individuals
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

5. DYNAMICS OF INTERPERSONAL
RELATIONSHIPS
Dyad
2 interacting
people
TRAID
Consists of three
people
GROUP
More than
three
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

6. PURPOSE OF
INTERPERSONAL
RELATIONSHIPS
IPR
for
an Individual
IPR
for
Nurses
IPR
for
Patients
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

7. 1.IPR for an Individual
Personal Growth & development
Source of enjoyment
Sense of security
Developing understanding
Interpersonal needs
Establishing personal understanding
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

8. 2.IPR relationship for nurses
Building positive functional multidisciplinary team
Improving intra-inter-team communication, co-
ordination and co-operation
Building mutual understanding and cooperation
Understanding self
Improved decision making
Improved problem solving
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

9. 1.IPR for patients
Developing a sense of security and
comfort
Fostering trust and cooperation
Facilitating communication
Improving socialization
Developing and maintaining positive
feelings
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

10. FRIENDSHIP
FAMILY &
KINSHIP
PROFESSIONAL
RELATIONSHIP
LOVE
MARRIAGE
PLATONIC
RELATIONSHIP
CASUAL
RELATIONSHIPS
BROTHERHOOD
AND SISTERHOOD
ACQUAINTANCES
TYPES
OF
IPR
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

11. PHASES OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
1.ORIENTATION PHASE
*problem defining phase
2. IDENTIFICATION PHASE
* Selection of appropriate professional assistance
3.EXPLOITATION PHASE
* Phase of professional assistance for problem
solving objectives
4.RESOULTION PHASE
* TERMINATION OF PROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIP
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

12. 1. ORIENTATION PHASE
It starts as a initial encounter b/w a nurse and as a
stranger and the patient having problems
Pact formation occurs b/w the nurse and pt.
The nurse clarifies his or her responsibilities
The nurse identifies the patients problems , defines the
problems and settles on the type of service needed
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

13. 2. IDENTIFICATION PHASE
*In this phase the nurse approaches the patient with empathetic understanding
to understand accurately the problems
*While communicating with the patient problems the nurse should use specific
terminologies rather than abstract terms
*The nurse helps the patient to identify his problems in their own context and
uses the available resources to solve them
*The nurse helps the patient to use the best professional assistance to solve their
problems
*The patients self esteem will be boosted by having feelings of belongingness
and having the ability to solve problems
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

14. EXPLOITATION
PHASE
• Its making use of professional help
to gain as much as possible
• The patient understands his
problems and explores all possible
alternative solution to his problems
• The nurse helps the patient to learn
how to explore and use the available
resources to solve his problems
• The patients uses the best solutions
and solves his problems
• The patient is able to deal
adequately with his/her problems
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

15. • This is termination of the
professional relationship that
begins with the convalesce and
rehabilitation stage of
hospitalization and ends with
discharge of patient
• The needs of the client have
been met and they depart from
each other therapeutically
• If psychological dependence has
been developed it should be
terminated therapeutically and
tactfully
4.RESOULTIONPHASE
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

16. Definition Of Barriers IPR
• Barriers to IPR are restraints or obstacles
which interrupt the development of
relationships between individuals
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

17. Barriers to IPR
Personal
barriers
Social
barriers
Situational
Barriers
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

18. Personal Barriers
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO
Gender
Lack of honesty
and trust
Lack of
flexibility
Others Lack of
respect for
the rights of
others
Pre-existing
psychiatric
condition
Fear of
rejection

19. Situational barriers
Complex
intra-actional
settings
Adverse
environmental
situations
Lack of
territoriality
High density
individuals
Increased
physical
distances
Lack of time
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

20. Socio
cultural
barriers
Social
diversity
Cultural
diversity
Ethnic
diversity
Language
diversity
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

21. METHODS OF OVERCOMING BARRIERS
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

22. STATERGIES TO OVERCOME
PERSONAL BARRIERS
Gender must be
given due
consideration
Honesty and trust
must be
maintained
There should be
understanding
and adjustmental
attitude
Compatibility must
be ensured
A sense of security
must be
maintained
Effective
communication is
important
Flexibility should
be maintained
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

23. Strategies to overcome
situational barriers
Interaction settings should be simple and familiar
Special care must be taken in adverse environmental
situations
In large organizations individuals must spend quality
time with co-workers to strengthen the bond b/w them
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

24. Strategies To Overcome
Socio Cultural Barriers
Cultural diversity can be
enhanced by openness,
trust and owing and risk
to experiment
Social variations can
be tackled by
flexibility and
adaptability
Maintaining eye
contact , appropriate
body language ,
active listening can
enhance
interpersonal
communication
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

25. JOHARI WINDOW
Joseph Luft & Harry Ingham (1995)
Definition
Johari window is a tool for illustrating and
improving self awareness and mutual
understanding between self or groups
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

26. Purposes
The Johari window tool is a used to assess and improve a patient’s
relationship with others as its major emphasis is on development of soft
skills , behaviour,empathy,cooperation,inter-group development and
interpersonal relationship.
JOHARI window represents self awareness of an individual towards
himself/herself
It is used for self development and improvement of interpersonal
relationships
RAJ BAPTIST PINTO

27. OPEN BLIND
UNKNOWNHIDDEN

28. Concept of Johari window
1. Open area/ open self/ free area/ free self :
This is the Part of an individual’s personality that
is open for the individual himself and for others
also
2. Blind area/ blind self/ blind spot :
This is the area of one’s personality about which
the individual is totally unware i.e. the person
does not know about his behaviour or feeling
but other people are aware about those.

29. 3. Hidden area/ hidden self/ avoided area/
avoided self :
It includes feelings,fears etc.,that are know to
the person about himself but are purposely
hidden from others because of some reasons.
4. Unknown self/ unknown area :
This is the area that is not known to the
person about himself and others also do not
known about the person.

30. DESCRIPTION OF JOHARI WINDOW
Johari window quadrant 1 : open
area
All that is known by the person about himself is
also know by others.
There can be exchange of good communication
and co-operation between people.
it leads to development of good interpersonal
relationship free from mistrust
,confussion,conflicts and misuderstanding.

32. A process known as ‘feedback
solicitation’ can help to expand the
size of open area horizontally into
blind space by actively listening to
feedback from other group
members.
It will help to reduce the size of
blind space from once responsibility
and offer a large open space to
others

33. Johari window quadrant 2 : Blind area
In this area person
does not know about
his behaviour but
other people are
aware of these.
Blind area being a
nonproductive space
for individuals
hinders open
communication with
each other because
no one can work
effectively when kept
in dark.
This area will
decrease the open
area in person if
someone withhold a
sensitive feedback
related to the
individual behaviour
to him.

34. This leads to lack of
development of self
awareness because
they will always
remain in dark about
their behaviour.
The person receiving
feedback must be
open to accept
suggestions for self
improvement

35. Johari window quad. No. 3
HIDDEN AREA
It includes ideas feelings intensions that a person has and
doesn’t want to share with others due to some reason.
Also called as AVOIDED SELF
SELF DISCLOSURE can help a person to improve the hidden
quadrant into open area
It will lead to better understanding , cooperation and trust
among individuals

36. Johari window quadrant 4 :
UNKNOWN AREA
It includes attitudes , feelings, information , skills, that are
not known to the person about himself or herself or
others do not know about it .
These feelings can be positive or useful or can be deeper
aspect of persons personality
Self disclosure should be used to uncover this aspect of
personality
Observations and suggestions can also help someone to
improve their positive aspects

37. Assignment
• Functions of johari window

38. Conclusion

39. SUMMARY

40. THANK YOU