This document discusses interpersonal relationships in nursing. It defines interpersonal relationships as reciprocal interactions between individuals that involve shared interests and goals. The stages of developing interpersonal relationships are described as acquaintance, build up, continuation, deterioration, and termination. Peplau's interpersonal relationship model for nursing is also summarized, including the stages of orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution. The document emphasizes that therapeutic interpersonal relationships in nursing are based on empathy, respect, trust and seeing the patient as a unique individual. Factors that can affect relationships either positively or negatively are also outlined.

1. Interpersonal
relationship
- Ms. Hemangi Patel
Lecturer
Apollo Institute of Nursing

2. Introduction
•Nursing is a therapeutic process & demands an
association between the nurse & the patient.
•Interpersonal relationships are dynamic and
change continuously during their existence.

3. Definition
•“Interpersonal relationships refer to reciprocal
social & emotional interactions between two
or more individuals in an environment.”
•“Interpersonal relationship is defined as a close
association between individuals who share
common interests & goals.”

4. Stages of developing IPRs
•Acquaintance
•Build up
•Continuation
•Deterioration
•Termination

5. Acquaintance
•This is the initial stage in which the individuals
become acquainted with each other.
•It depends on multiple factors such as previous
relationships, proximity and first impression
etc.

6. Build up
•When the individuals are well versed with each
other during the interaction between them, they
move on to the next stage which involves trust
and care of individuals towards each other.

7. Continuation
•Once the relationship has started, then
there is initiation of long term
commitments between them to have long
term and stable relationships.

8. Deterioration
• Deterioration does not necessarily occurs in all
relationships but it only occurs in unstable
relationships where there is a feeling of boredom
between the individuals with time and there is a
relative discord in a relationship due to
misunderstanding, break of trust or commitments
which leads to disharmony in the relationship and
it starts deteriorating.

9. Termination
•The final stage marks the end of the
relationship either by death in case of healthy
relations or by separation.

10. Pre-requisites of therapeutic
relationship
• Feelings
• Empathy
• Genuineness
• Respect
• Loyalty
• Rapport
• Trust

11. IPRs in Nursing
• The nurse client relationship is the foundation of the
nursing profession in which both the participants
recognize each other as unique and important human
beings.
• Travelbee stated that it is only when each individual
in the interaction perceives the other as a unique
human being then a relationship is possible.

12. IPR theory in nursing
•“Peplau” applied interpersonal theory to
nursing practice and most specifically to nurse
client relationships.

13.  Hildegard Peplau (1952) gave the interpersonal
relationship model.
orientation
Identification
Exploitation
Resolution

14. Orientation
• Start with an initial encounter with nurse &
patient
• The formulation begins between the nurse & the
patient.
• The nurse clarifies his or her roles &
responsibilities within the therapeutic boundary
to the patient.

15. Identification
• The Nurse identifies the patient’s problem & settles
on the type of nursing services needed.
• The nurse helps the patients identify their problems
in their own context & use the available resources
to solve the problem.
• The patient’s self esteem will be boosted by having
feelings of belongingness.

16. Exploitation
• The nurse can help the patient by extending minimal
professional assistance to learn how to solve the
problem.
• The patient starts exploitation all the available resources
in spite of making requests to others to extend help.
• Finally the patient is able to deal adequately with his or
her problems.

17. Resolution
• This is the termination of the professional relationship.
• The patient’s needs have already been met by the
collaborative efforts of the patient & the nurse in previous
phases.
• If psychological dependence persists between both of them,
it become difficult to resolve the transferences. A nurse must
aware of the techniques to resolve it.
• The relationship must be terminated by maintaining a
healthier emotional balance by both the parties.

18. Factors affecting IPR
• Negative criticism
• Dominance
• Misunderstanding
• Feeling of insecurity
• False impression
• Poor rapport
• Mistrust

19. Techniques to improve IPR
• Maintain trust in a relationship consistently.
• Make others feel important time to time.
• Avoid arguments and be a good listener.
• Avoid over dominance.
• Be genuine and loyal to others.
• Show honest concern towards other person.
• Be positive.
• Give other person time to understand your point of view.

20. Thank you