The Internet of Things (IoT) can be able to incorporate a large number of different end systems and it have the ability to transfer data over internet without human interaction. One of the main concerns with our environment has been solid waste management which in addition to disturbing the balance of the environment. it also has adverse effects on the health of the people in the society. The detection, monitoring and management of wastes is one of the primary problems. The traditional way of manually monitoring the wastes in garbage bins is the complex process and also it utilizes more human effort and time. This is an advanced method in waste management since it is automated. This IoT garbage monitoring system is a very innovative system which will help to prevent overflowing of wastes from the bin and keep cities clean. This system monitors the garbage bins and informs about the level of garbage collected in garbage bins. The data is transfer through internet to the control room.
IoT Based Intelligent Bin For Smart CitiesAbhisek Sahoo
Smart cities include obstacle tracking, object sensing, traffic control, tracking of our activities. IOT Based Intelligent Bin for Smart Cities has been developed for efficiently management of the bins in the cities.
This smart garbage monitoring system presentation uses the concept of internet of things. The Architecture & work flow diagram shows the clear picture of implementation of internet of things based garbage bin and we also have mentioned the set of tools required to achieve the same.
A smarter way to communicate with the world's increasingly growth and making it to adapt itself to recent trends by making IOT as a medium source of communication........
IoT Based Intelligent Bin For Smart CitiesAbhisek Sahoo
Smart cities include obstacle tracking, object sensing, traffic control, tracking of our activities. IOT Based Intelligent Bin for Smart Cities has been developed for efficiently management of the bins in the cities.
This smart garbage monitoring system presentation uses the concept of internet of things. The Architecture & work flow diagram shows the clear picture of implementation of internet of things based garbage bin and we also have mentioned the set of tools required to achieve the same.
A smarter way to communicate with the world's increasingly growth and making it to adapt itself to recent trends by making IOT as a medium source of communication........
In last few years there is a rapid growth in urbandevelopment plans, the concept of smart cities.While the thought comes up for Smart cities there is a requirement for Smart waste management. The idea of Garbage monitoring system is for the Smart buildings, Colleges, Hospitals and Bus stands. The Garbage monitoring system thought is an improvement of normal dustbin by elevating it to be smart using sensors. Garbage monitoring system is a new idea of implementation which makes a normal dustbin smart using ultrasonic sensors for garbage level detection, display and sending message to the concern department person updating the status of the bin using GSM modem. P. Ramchandar Rao | S. Sanjay Kumar | Ch. Rajendra Prasad"Garbage Monitoring System using Arduino" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd4602.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/4602/garbage-monitoring-system-using-arduino/p-ramchandar-rao
City administration needs to understanding of the generating report control over pricing.
District administration are inserted in controlling the project of waste collection ,checking quility of service
waste truck drive need navigation system and reporting problem system
Citizens want to have better service,lower cost and easy accessibile cost
Project report on Iot Based Garbage Monitoring System alok pal
This is an innovative project idea which is based on Internet of Things,which will be helpful to keep the city clean.This system monitors garbage level in the garbage bins and informs about the level of garbage collected in the bin via web page. In this project we are using garbage Monitoring concept with help of DHT11 sensor and Ultrasonic sensors and Mediatek Linkit One Board,MQTT protocol is used to publish the status of garbage bin to the cloud,which can be accessed by respective Authorities
This is implemented to designed a simple system called Smart Dustbin using Arduino, Ultrasonic Sensor and Servo Motor, where the lid of the dustbin will automatically open itself upon detection of human hand.
In this paper, we present a cost effective and efficient smart waste management system that acts as an easy link between the user and the authority by providing a mobile application to monitor the bin interfaced with appropriate sensors. Somy P Mathew | Lisha Tomy | Parvathi S | Reshmi Nath ""Smart Waste Management System"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23482.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23482/smart-waste-management-system/somy-p-mathew
In last few years there is a rapid growth in urbandevelopment plans, the concept of smart cities.While the thought comes up for Smart cities there is a requirement for Smart waste management. The idea of Garbage monitoring system is for the Smart buildings, Colleges, Hospitals and Bus stands. The Garbage monitoring system thought is an improvement of normal dustbin by elevating it to be smart using sensors. Garbage monitoring system is a new idea of implementation which makes a normal dustbin smart using ultrasonic sensors for garbage level detection, display and sending message to the concern department person updating the status of the bin using GSM modem. P. Ramchandar Rao | S. Sanjay Kumar | Ch. Rajendra Prasad"Garbage Monitoring System using Arduino" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd4602.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/4602/garbage-monitoring-system-using-arduino/p-ramchandar-rao
City administration needs to understanding of the generating report control over pricing.
District administration are inserted in controlling the project of waste collection ,checking quility of service
waste truck drive need navigation system and reporting problem system
Citizens want to have better service,lower cost and easy accessibile cost
Project report on Iot Based Garbage Monitoring System alok pal
This is an innovative project idea which is based on Internet of Things,which will be helpful to keep the city clean.This system monitors garbage level in the garbage bins and informs about the level of garbage collected in the bin via web page. In this project we are using garbage Monitoring concept with help of DHT11 sensor and Ultrasonic sensors and Mediatek Linkit One Board,MQTT protocol is used to publish the status of garbage bin to the cloud,which can be accessed by respective Authorities
This is implemented to designed a simple system called Smart Dustbin using Arduino, Ultrasonic Sensor and Servo Motor, where the lid of the dustbin will automatically open itself upon detection of human hand.
In this paper, we present a cost effective and efficient smart waste management system that acts as an easy link between the user and the authority by providing a mobile application to monitor the bin interfaced with appropriate sensors. Somy P Mathew | Lisha Tomy | Parvathi S | Reshmi Nath ""Smart Waste Management System"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23482.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23482/smart-waste-management-system/somy-p-mathew
Smart garbage waste management is essential to develop an efficient and dynamic waste management system. This research presents the implementation and execution of an integrated sensing system for solid waste bin to automate the solid waste management process. Several sensing methods have been integrated and have combined their verdicts that offer the detection of bin condition. The traditional way of manually monitoring the wastes in waste bins is a complex, cumbersome process and utilizes more human effort, time and cost which is not compatible with the present day technologies in any way. This an advanced method in which waste management is automated. This project IoT Smart garbage waste management monitoring system is a very innovative system which will help to keep the cities clean. This system monitors the garbage bins and informs about the level of garbage by ultrasonic sensor collected in the garbage bins via the internet to the municipality and the sweepers having garbage collection vehicles. If the bin pushed by any animals or other else, the garbage spreads in the places is sensed by MEMS and the information sent to the municipality and the sweepers. The load cell connected to the controller will weigh the weight of the garbage bin if heavy weight of dust blocks the entire space of bin and send the information to the respective monitoring unit. The microcontroller controls all the sensors and collects, shares the information given by sensors to IOT. The garbage bin closes automatically by the motor driver after dumping the garbage. This project can be used in the” SMART CITY”. This project is also helpful in the government project of “SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN”.
This paper has been related to do The Internet of Things IoT shall be able to incorporate transparently and seamlessly a large number of different and heterogeneous end systems, while providing open access to selected subsets of data for the development of a plethora of digital services. Building a general architecture for the IoT is hence a very complex task, mainly because of the extremely large variety of devices, link layer technologies, and services that may be involved in such a system. One of the main concerns with our environment has been solid waste management which in addition to disturbing the balance of the environment also has adverse effects on the health of the society. The detection, monitoring and management of wastes is one of the primary problems of the present era. The traditional way of manually monitoring the wastes in waste bins is a complex, cumbersome process and utilizes more human effort, time and cost which is not compatible with the present day technologies in any way. This an advanced method in which waste management is automated. Prof. S. N. Satbhai | Prof. P. R. Gavhane | Prof. M. R. Dhavale "IoT Based Garbage Monitoring System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49561.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/49561/iot-based-garbage-monitoring-system/prof-s-n-satbhai
An Efficient Smart Garbage Disposal System - A Reviewijtsrd
In the recent decades, Urbanization has increased tremendously. At the same phase there is an increase in waste production. Waste management has been a crucial issue to be considered. This review paper is a way to achieve this good cause. In this review paper, smart bin is built on a microcontroller based platform. Microcontroller would be programmed in such a way that it could control the operations of servo doors. This microcontroller would control all three components of our project. The basic idea of our project is the van could move around area given to it. The van is basically a line following robot which would stop at certain intervals below the container, the container would drop off the garbage into the van. The van would go to next station and drop the garbage into the dumping pit. Once these smart bins are implemented on a large scale, by replacing our traditional bins present today, waste can be managed efficiently as it avoids unnecessary lumping of wastes on roadside .Foul smell from these rotten wastes that remain untreated for a long time, due to negligence of authorities and carelessness of public may lead to long term problems. Breeding of insects and mosquitoes can create nuisance around promoting unclean environment. This may even cause dreadful diseases. Abhijeet Gothankar | Shubham Katkar | Swapnatej Pawar | Tejaskumar Dhalmare | Suhasini Goilkar"An Efficient Smart Garbage Disposal System - A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd9605.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/9605/an-efficient-smart-garbage-disposal-system---a-review/abhijeet-gothankar
Internet of Things (IoT) based smart devices are the core elements for any smart environment. The sensors and actuators make the life easier when they are connected to one another and to the Internet. The Smart city and ‘Swach Bharath Abhiyan’ projects introduced by the Government of India tried to promote clean and hygienic Environment. The constant growth of population, industrialization and urbanization increase the unorganized manner of dumping the solid waste in landfills. Smart waste management is the must in all countries due to the voluminous generation of solid waste. In this paper, a methodology for monitoring the dustbins in smart cities, household or organization is proposed. The dustbins are monitored very often to check the garbage level. Whenever the dustbins reach maximum level, alert will be sent to the corresponding authorities with the bin details to dispose the waste. Additionally, the gas sensors in the dustbins detect the bad smell and alert when it reaches the threshold level though the garbage level will not reach the dustbin’s maximum capacity. The areas which require emptying the dustbins very often area also identified. Large-scale implementation of the system will promote a clean and hygienic environment. by Mr. Pujari Y. M and Ms. Patil S. S 2018. Smart Garbage Monitoring System. International Journal on Integrated Education. 1, 1 (Dec. 2018), 71-76 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/787/756 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/787
The govt. of India has launched various smart city projects and for these cities to be smarter it is necessary that the system which collects the garbage has to be smarter. In addition to that it is necessary that people need easy accessibility to the garbage disposing points as well as the garbage collection process. It has to be efficient in terms of time and fuel cost. Most of the urban cities and town in India are not well designed to facilitate the proper garbage disposing and collection mechanism. Also there are cities which are expanding rapidly and are putting the pressure on the current infrastructure which is not developing at the same pace as that of the current urbanization. In our propose system we are going to check garbage fill status of the dustbin by using Ultrasonic Sensor, Buzzer, Arduino Board, Moisture Sensor, Wifi Model this will check the status and send the message to cloud that Dustbin is full, then message is sent to collection van through Wifi Module then garbage collection is done, if the Dustbin is not cleaned in paticular time we will send message to higher authority and they will take approprite action on it.Our proposed system is going to segregate Dry and Wet garbage. Therefore, the Automatic Garbage Fill Alerting system makes the garbage collection more efficient, which will ultimately make our dustbins and also cities smart at the same time. Dhaval Patel | Aditya Kulkarni | Hrushikesh Udar | Sachin Sharma ""Smart Dustbins for Smart Cities"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22993.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/22993/smart-dustbins-for-smart-cities/dhaval-patel
Gainful Human Empowerment Reform in Managerial EngineeringIJASRD Journal
This paper describes the corporate-wide approach to gainful human empowerment reform at engineering. Gainful policy is a part of gainful human empowerment reform. The gainful human empowerment reform is a culture-specific human empowerment reform style that is prevalent in managerial engineering. Gainful human empowerment reform, referring to the internal systematic approach of the organization’s human empowerment reform to strive for daintiness performance excellence, and gainful policy referring to all those measures through which one creates and strengthens confidence and trust in outsiders, especially customers, towards the organization’s abilities and products. The daintiness managers are those who inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests, and who are capable of having a profound and extraordinary effect on their followers. The paper reviews the daintiness strategy implementation, strategic control, daintiness metrics, and daintiness channels.
A Study on Quality of Life and Social Support Breast Cancer Women in Greater ...IJASRD Journal
The diagnosis of cancer created a fear and shock to their well balanced life and most of them felt that they were a burden on their family. Respondents followed an advanced allopathic regimen of treatment and however they enquired about alternative treatment like Ayurveda, homeopathy etc. Women knew about the illness as this study was conducted in a group of population where more number of educated women took part of it and those who have access to tertiary care facilities. It was found that most of the respondents got information about treatment. The difficulty of breast cancer leads to imposition of a lot of psychosocial problems. Respondents had fear about the disease, and its recurrence and subsequently they were in regular follow-ups. Most of them know the importance of regular follow-ups, they did not have an idea about the availability of breast prosthesis which would improve their cosmetic appearance and boost their confidence and had little opportunity to indulge in group sessions. Respondents have shared their feelings with others in their sad time. In our study most of the respondents did mix freely with others post treatment and have received more support from family, however they have felt that their disease has affected their children’s marriage and relationship with their spouse. But most of them felt this disease has had effect on their children’s marriage and education. This present study has several key points. It was found that breast cancer incidence was more in urban area.
Road Accident Analysis and Prevention in Nigeria: Experimental and Numerical ...IJASRD Journal
This paper empirically analysed road accident and its prevention in Nigeria. Data for road traffic crashes trend was sourced from Federal Road Safety Corps in Nigeria from 1960 - 2017. The data was tested for stationarity using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, while the co-integration was conducted using Johansen’s methodology. Least Square estimate was employed for the empirical analysis. The results show that there is long run equilibrium relationship between total number of casualties, total number of fatal cases and total number of minor cases of accidents in Nigeria. The results show that there is positive and significant relationship between fatal cases, severe cases and total number of casualties, while minor cases have negative and significant relationship with total number of casualties. The study therefore recommends that government should invest massively in road transportation infrastructure in order to repair dilapidated roads, expand narrow roads and construct new ones. Government should legislate and enforce installation of speed limit devices for all vehicles operating on Nigerian roads to reduce reckless speeding on the highways which will definitely reduce total number of accidents and casualties on Nigerian roads.
Leadership by Humanistic Approach in Workplace ManagementIJASRD Journal
The form and structure of an organization's human resources system can affect employee motivation levels in several ways. Organizations can adopt various systems type leadership humanistic approach empowerment practices to enhance employee satisfaction. The systems type leadership revolution moves recording and analysis activities that were traditionally professional performance lines of activities focused to high operational content. The scientific and systems type leadership progress, growth and internationalization of markets, processors are processes in which the accounting profession plays a leading role of humanistic approach in workplace management. This paper considers the humanistic approach in workplace management. The strategic importance of workers is discussed and their interaction, as an asset, with other important organization assets. The basic methodologies for workers are then explained and their limitations are considered.
Time Evolution of Density Parameters for Matter and Dark Energy and their Int...IJASRD Journal
In the framework of Brans-Dicke (BD) theory, the first part of the present study determines the time dependence of BD parameter, energy density and Equation of State (EoS) parameter of the cosmic fluid in a universe expanding with acceleration, preceded by a phase of deceleration. For this purpose, a scale factor has been so chosen that the deceleration parameter, obtained from it, shows a signature flip with time. Considering the dark energy to be responsible for the entire pressure, the time evolution of energy parameters for matter and dark energy and the EoS parameter for dark energy have been determined. A model for an effective interaction term, between matter and dark energy, has been proposed and calculated. Its negative value at the present time indicates conversion of matter into dark energy. Using this term, the time dependence of the rates of change of matter and dark energy has been determined. It is found that the nature of dependence of the scalar field upon the scale factor plays a very important role in governing the time evolution of the cosmological quantities studied here. The present study provides us with a simple way to determine the time evolution of dark energy for a homogeneous and isotropic universe of zero spatial curvature, without involving any self-interaction potential or cosmological constant in the formulation.
An Experimental Investigation on Normal Concrete using Rice Husk Ash, Dolomit...IJASRD Journal
Generally concrete is good in compression and weak in tension. The fibre in concrete generally increases both the compression and tension in concrete cement is the most important constituent material, since it binds the aggregate and resists the atmosphere action. Since the production of Portland cement clinker is an energy intensive process a partial substitution of clinker by mineral like dolomite and abundantly available agriculture wastes like Rice husk ash obviously represents considerable energy servings and reduction of Co2 emission. In this project work banana fibre are added with 2% by volume of cement, dolomite powder and Rice husk ash is partially replaced by 5.0%, 7.5% and 10% by the volume of cement. The concrete was determined for mechanical properties like compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength they are also tested and studied.
A Novel Implementation for Radio Resource Allocation on Mobile Access Based o...IJASRD Journal
The proposed technology can reduce network costs by allowing optimized use of radio resources in mobile wireless networks. The system provides reliable and high-capacity channels, while the wireless part allows user mobility. Solving the problem involves an attempt to determine an optimal distribution of radio resources to the RAUs (radio allocation unit) and network cells can be split or merged dynamically to optimize this distribution as a function of the fluctuation of demands.
IoT Based Accident Avoidance and Detection System for Two WheelersIJASRD Journal
The World Health Organization (WHO) pointed out that about 1.25 million people die each year due to accident especially, two wheelers. Timely medical aid can help in saving lives. This system aims to avoid accident and alert the nearby medical center and relatives about an accident to provide immediate medical aid in case of an accident. The attached accelerometer in the vehicle senses the tilt of the vehicle and supporting wheels will avoid the bike from fall. The vibration sensor on the vehicle senses the level of vibration to understand the seriousness of the accident. Thus, the system will make a decision and sends the information to the smart phone through IoT modem. The Android application in the mobile phone will sent text message to the nearest medical center and friends. Application also shares the exact location of the accident that can save the time. This system is also used to monitor the speed of the vehicle and to avoid accident by using the speed sensor. If the speed is greater than the predefined value then the alarm will enable to indicate the driver to reduce the speed.
Internet of things (IoT) has started growing due to the developments in RFID, sensors, communication technologies and Internet protocols. The basic aim is to connect sensors in a straight line devoid of human association in the vicinity of help in creation of new types applications. The revolution in mobile, Internet in addition to machine-to-machine (M2M) technologies preserve is seen when the primary step towards IoT. Internet of Things (IoT) is forwarding the association among the objects (the “things”) and the backend systems passing through the Internet. Every object can become connected and smart. As a result, the background is monitored via sensing the background furthermore the data are transferred toward cloud with internet connectivity of the things. The monitoring environment comes closer in spite of distance. There are several platforms that provide services such as data analytics, business analytics, notification, etc. Each platform provides a specific service In this expose, we examine a delegate section of these platforms, together open- source and proprietary, on the source of their capability to convene the potential of dissimilar IoT users. The evaluation focuses on how prepared and functional these platforms are for IoT ecology players, other than on the peculiarities of the essential scientific layers. This paper mainly aims to provide a summary of different platforms and stages for IOT. This paper would help the IoT users to decide their best platform to suit their application.
Realization of Direct Digital Synthesis in Cordic AlgorithmIJASRD Journal
Nowadays the modern communication system and software defined radio-based applications needs Trans receiver consisting of fully programmable circuit which performs modulation and demodulation process. The method which does not need memory for realizing modulators and demodulators is CORDIC algorithm. The CORDIC algorithm is a versatile algorithm which calculates only adder and shifter operations instead of using multiplier. So, this algorithm is mostly used for VLSI and digital signal processing. The main concept used in this project is Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) which generates the analog waveform in digital format based on CORDIC algorithm approach .This paper focuses on analysis and simulation of Binary phase shift keying (BPSK), Binary amplitude shift keying (BASK), Binary frequency shift keying (BFSK), Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation scheme using DDS based on CORDIC algorithm instead of ROM look up table which greatly reduce the number of slices and no of look up tables. The whole simulation is done on Modelsim and Xilinx-ISE using Verilog descriptive language and these modulation schemes are implemented on Spartan-3 FPGA kit.
Virtual Reality Based Requirement Distributions for Disaster Affected PeoplesIJASRD Journal
The general aim of the development of virtual reality technology for automation applications at the IRF is to provide the framework for Projective Virtual Reality which allows users to “project” their actions in the virtual world into the real world. Based on this virtual reality requirement distribution for disaster affected people system is proposed. In this system, it displays the basic need of affected people. Through this the concerned authority will know their requirement and distribute their need. The proposed system gets user’s height and change buttons’ vertical position. In addition, users can change a button label and type.
Implementation of Low Complex Universal Filtered MulticarrierIJASRD Journal
In 5G technology for enhancing the high speed data process the Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), Universal Filtered multicarrier (UFMC), and Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) techniques are used in effective manner. The FIR filter plays an important role in 5G mobile communication technology. In this paper, the hardware complexity reduced by using the FIR filter. In previous technique, 73 multipliers are required to the filtering process. Here to reduce the number of multipliers by using the multiplexers. The 73 multipliers to be replaced with the 5 number of 16:1 multiplexers, 5 multipliers and 4 registers. The Multiple Constant Multiplication (MCM) scheme is also presented for the block implementation FIR filters. Reducing the memory usage for using the less number of multipliers. Use the less number multipliers the difficulties are to be reduced. The overall implementation has a result of 42% reduction in hardware complexity.
Uncompressed Video Streaming in Wireless Channel without Interpolation using ...IJASRD Journal
Uncompressed video transmission recently paying attention because low end-to-end latency, good video quality and low convolution. In this method put forward a real-time uncompressed video diffusion system, where Unequal bit Allocation (UBA) approach are adopted to the end-to-end mean square error (MSE). Based on the Full search and logarithm search algorithm using the method. Video is improved largely and it provides that the different-level UBA scheme outperforms the conservative two-level of unequal bit allocation scheme in the stipulations of the average peak-signalto-noise (PSNR) at restrained SNRs, and the proposed adaptive UBA approach can good visual quality and the wireless communication.The pixel motion estimation is used correct the motion vector prediction in the H.264/AVC video coding. The proposed method solves the more complexity of the calculation of the fractional-pixel motion estimated video coding resolution is increased.
Massive MIMO-Based 5G Networks: Energy Harvesting Base Stations with Minimum ...IJASRD Journal
The degree of CSI available to Transmitter and Receiver is influenced by the capacity of MIMO (Multiple Input and Multiple Output). The maximizing Energy Efficiency (EE) is to optimum transmission strategy for multiple user Massive MIMO system are to be optimized in radio frequency energy harvesting network. The grid energy permits requite for the changeability and intermittent the harvest energy. Hence, the quality of service constraint has to been solved under the problem of power grid expenditure reduction. In hybrid Massive MIMO system focuses on Energy efficient maximization where Massive MIMO employs where there are two other promising 5G technologies: assorted networks and millimeter wave. For achieving larger Energy Efficiency gains multiple opportunities open up than with conservative Massive MIMO systems. A sarcastic psychoanalysis of the Energy Efficient development approach considering combination Massive MIMO scheme permits as to verify various open research tribulation it will immensely help users in using energy-efficient 5G deployments.
Voice Based Search Engine for Visually Impairment PeoplesIJASRD Journal
World Wide Web (WWW) is unexpectedly emerging because the accepted records supply for our society. The WWW is normally reachable the usage of an internet-browsing package from a networked pc. The layout of facts on the net is visually orientated. The reliance on visible presentation locations excessive cognitive demands on a person to function this sort of system. The interaction might also sometimes require the whole attention of a consumer. The design of information presentation at the web is predominately visible-oriented. This presentation technique requires most, if no longer all, of the person’s attention and imposes significant cognitive load on a user. This technique isn't always sensible, in particular for the visually impaired persons. The awareness of this challenge is to develop a prototype which supports net browsing the use of a speech-based interface, e.g. A telephone, and to degree its effectiveness. The command input and the delivery of web contents are totally in voice. Audio icons are constructed into the prototype so that users will have higher knowledge of the original shape/purpose of a web page. Navigation and manage commands are available to decorate the net browsing enjoy. The effectiveness of this prototype is evaluated in a consumer take a look at involving both generally sighted and visually impaired humans. Voice browsers allow human beings to get right of entry to the Web the usage of speech synthesis, pre-recorded audio, and speech reputation. This may be supplemented via keypads and small presentations. Voice may also be supplied as an accessory to standard computing device browsers with high resolution graphical presentations, presenting an on hand alternative to the use of the keyboard or screen, as an instance in cars in which palms/eyes unfastened operation is crucial. Voice interplay can get away the bodily obstacles on keypads and shows as cell devices turn out to be ever smaller. The browser will have an integrated textual content extraction engine that inspects the content of the page to construct a structured illustration. The inner nodes of the structure constitute diverse tiers of abstraction of the content. This enables in easy and bendy navigation of the page so that it will hastily home into gadgets of interest.
Developing countries like India needs a significant improvement in infrastructure such as Roads or Highways. An express high way, for physical improvement, is one of them. Regardless, we experience a long queue at each toll plazas on expressway which wastes a lot of experience time, fuel and surges of co2. In order to check the issue basic in light of the present manual toll gathering system, Automated Toll Collection structure is exceedingly required. In this venture, we will look at the separate data from the client and it will be prepared for toll gathering framework, to make progressively productive and perfect. Beginning at now, at each toll both the vehicle needs to stop for paying the toll. We have proposed a structure that would pay the toll subsequently and diminish the line at the toll corner. For this purpose we have used the RFID tags to identify the user and so that the amount is automatically deducted from the users wallet. SMS is send to the user after deducting the amount form the user wallet. In addition to this, we have used the GPS to find the user location.
Secure Medical Data Computation using Virtual_ID Authentication and File Swap...IJASRD Journal
PHR provides users with a great deal in leakage of sensitive information. However, securing the sensitive medical data also brings very serious security problems, especially for the data security which is stored in the medical cloud data. Once the data is leaked to a third party, then the data privacy has become a major problem, mainly such as authentication, availability of data, confidentiality etc., and which is to be taken into consideration very effectively. An authentication scheme based on virtual smartcard using hashing function for medical data is proposed to solve the problem of in which the illegal users access the resources of servers. Here, we also maintain PHR sensitive data in the cloud by using file swapping concept. Once the user access the data. The user data will be swapped into different places by file swapping concept, so the file will be more secured and no one can hack or theft our data.
Secure Video Processing using ROI Extraction and ECC EncryptionIJASRD Journal
Video encryption is the process of encrypting videos to hide the object in video for secure video sharing. To hide privacy from sensitive areas in video frame, ROI extraction techniques are proposed. Lightweight encryption algorithm is performed on every ROI to make the privacy sensitive information. To implement ECC encryption for encryption of extracted ROI. Provide secure video communication between sender and receiver.
An Approach to Detect and Avoid Social Engineering and Phasing Attack in Soci...IJASRD Journal
Digital physical frameworks are the key advancement driver for some spaces, for example, car, flight, mechanical procedure control, and industrial facility mechanization. Be that as it may, their interconnection possibly gives enemies simple access to delicate information, code, and setups. In the event that aggressors gain control, material harm or even damage to individuals must be normal. To neutralize information burglary, framework control and digital assaults, security instruments must be implanted in the digital physical framework. The social building assault layouts are changed over to social designing assault situations by populating the format with the two subjects and articles from genuine precedents while as yet keeping up the point by point stream of the assault as gave in the format. Social Engineering by E-Mail is by a wide margin the most intensely utilized vector of assault, trailed by assaults beginning from sites. The aggressor in this way misuses the set up trust by requesting that consent utilize the organization's remote system office to send an email. A social designer can likewise join mechanical intends to accomplish the assault goals. The heuristic-based discovery method examines and separates phishing site includes and recognizes phishing locales utilizing that data .Based on the robotized examination of the record in the informal organization, you can construct suppositions about the power of correspondence between clients. In view of this data, it is conceivable to compute the likelihood of achievement of a multistep social building assault from the client to the client in digital physical/digital social framework. Furthermore, the proposed social designing assault layouts can likewise be utilized to create social building mindfulness material.
Effect of HHO Gas as Fuel Additive on the Exhaust Emissions of Internal Combu...IJASRD Journal
The use of carbon-base fuels by diesel engines release gases such as CO, NOx, SO2, and THCs which constitute a major source of environmental pollution. These gases when released into the atmosphere result in the formation of acid rain and cause greenhouse effect. In the present study, an experiment was carried out with and without the use of HHO gas. The concentrations of the emitted gases were measured using an E8500 Plus gas analyzer. The results showed that the average concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), total unburnt hydrocarbons (THCs), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) emitted from the combustion chamber of the test engine was decreased by 68.8%, 35.2%, 16.4% and 97.9% respectively when a mixture of HHO gas/petrol/air was used instead of petrol/air mixture in an internal combustion engine. However, the average concentration of oxygen (O2) gas increased by 1.7%.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. IoT Based Solid Waste Management
Volume 06, Issue 04, Version I, Apr’ 2019 24
IR sensor and load cell are used to detect the level of the dust and the weight of the
waste in dustbin and sends the signal to the controller. The controller sends the signal to
the IoT module through UART cable. With the help of IoT module the data is transmitted to
the control room via internet. The corporation will take the decision based on the received
data.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
2.1 Basket Unit
2.2 IoT Section (PC)
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The IoT based solid waste management is mainly designed to monitor the garbage
bin. The kit that contains microcontroller module and IoT module is fixed to the side wall of
the garbage bin. The IR sensor is placed at the top of the garbage bin to detect the level of
3. Rani et al., (2019)
25 Volume 06, Issue 04, Version I, Apr’ 2019
garbage. The load cell is placed at the bottom of the bin to measure the weight of the
wastes. Assume that a person is throwing waste into the bin. If the waste does not intrude
the infra-red light from IR sensor, then it shows that garbage bin is not full. If it intrudes
the beam of light, then it will send that the garbage bin is full when we refresh the control
page. At the same time, the load cell measures the weight of the waste and detect whether
it reached its threshold level or not. If the weight of garbage attained the threshold value, it
will send the message as ―garbage over load. If it does not cross the threshold value, then
we can turn ON the crushing motor from the control room by clicking the ON button in
control page. Even if the motor crushed the wastes but it does not lower its height and
intrude the infra-red beam, it denotes that the bin is filled with light weight waste like
papers, plastics etc., The LCD in the bin also show the status of the bin. The buzzer will
turn on if the bin is overloaded. With the help of this real time information from each bin,
the corporation can take the right decision at right time. This helps to prevent the bin from
overflow and from related problems due to overflowed waste like diseases and unpleasant
smell.
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
This is the overall setup of our project. The pic controller is assembled in a PCB. The
sensors are connected as an input device to the PIC controller. The IoT module is provided
with a sim slot, in this we can insert sim to enable the transmission of data. The relay is
used to turn on the motor, when the IoT module received “ON” command from control web
page. The sensors detect the values and transmit to the controller. From the controller, the
data is transmitting to IoT module through UART cable. Then it is transmitted to server.
We have created a link to upload the data to the server. There are two links, one is
for upload the data and another one is for control the operation of motor. The LCD is used
to display the status of the bin. The buzzer also connected to alarm in critical situation.
This is the very efficient method. The IoT is used to use the bins efficiently. The
GSM is used to provide internet connection to transmit data and to receive data.
4. IoT Based Solid Waste Management
Volume 06, Issue 04, Version I, Apr’ 2019 26
4.1 Webpage with Data
4.2 Webpage to Control Motor
4.3 Advantage
• Real time information about the fill level of the dust bin
• Positioning of dustbins based on the actual needs
• Cost reduction and resource optimization
• Real time information about the weight of the garbage in the bin
• Improves environmental quality
• Intelligent management of the services in the city
• Effective usage of garbage bins
4.4 Application
• It is used to create a smart city
• It is very useful for corporation to monitor the bins
• It helps to take right decision at right time by corporation
5. Rani et al., (2019)
27 Volume 06, Issue 04, Version I, Apr’ 2019
FUTURE SCOPE
• We are planned to facilitate the separation of degradable and non-degradable waste
by using some sensors in additional
• We are planned to monitor the maintenance of bin in regular period of interval
• We are planned to implement a scanner to detect any costliest metals like gold,
silver or platinum is kept into the bin by mistaken
• We are planned to improve the speed of transmission of data from rural areas too
CONCLUSION
We have designed this kit to convert the normal dust bins to smart dust bin. It is
implemented with real time systems to monitor the fill level and weight of the smart
dustbins whether it is full or not. In this system the information of all smart dustbins can
be accessed from anywhere and at any time by the authorized person he/she can take a
decision accordingly.
By implementing this proposed system, the cost reduction, resource optimization,
effective usage of smart dust bins can be done. This system indirectly reducing traffic in the
city.
In major cities, the garbage collection vehicle has to visit the area everyday twice or
thrice depends on the population of the particular area and sometimes these dustbins may
not be full.
Our system will inform the status of each and every dustbin in real time so that the
concern authority can send the garbage collection vehicle only when the dustbin is full.
REFERENCES
[1] M. A. Hannan, M. Abdulla Al Mamun, A. Hussain, H. Basri, and R. A. Begum, "A review
on technologies and their usage in solid waste monitoring and management systems:
Issues and challenges," Waste Manage., vol. 43, pp. 509-523, Sep 2015.
[2] L. Dahlén, S. Vukicevic, J. Meijer, and A. Lagerkvist, "Comparison of different collection
systems for sorted household waste in Sweden," Waste Manage., vol. 27, pp. 1298-
1305, 2007.
[3] A. Gallardo, M. D. Bovea, F. J. Colomer, M. Prades, and M. Carlos, "Comparison of
different collection systems for sorted household waste in Spain," Waste Manage.,
vol. 30, pp. 2430-2439, 2010.
[4] J.-W. Lu, S. Zhang, J. Hai, and M. Lei, "Status and perspectives of municipal solid waste
incineration in China: A comparison with developed regions," Waste Manage., vol. 69,
pp. 170-186, 2017/11/01/ 2017.
[5] Mallika, C., Hema, A., Visalatchy, S., & Ilakkiya, N., (2017) “Smart Sensing Technology
Using Environmental Analyzing Based on IoT”. International Journal of Advanced
Scientific Research & Development (IJASRD), 4 (11/2), pp. 79 – 87.
[6] Y. Zhuang, S. W. Wu, Y. L. Wang, W. X. Wu, and Y. X. Chen, "Source separation of
household waste: A case study in China," Waste Manage., vol. 28, pp. 2022-2030,
2008.
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[7] J.-W. Lu, N. B. Chang, L. Liao, and M. Y. Liao, "Smart and Green Urban Solid Waste
Collection Systems: Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives," IEEE Syst. J. , vol. 11,
pp. 2804-2817, 2017.
[8] O. L. Patrícia and M. J. B. Marques, "Reliability of a line-of-view sensor for recycling
point waste containers", presented at the World Congress 2009: Turning Waste into
Ideas, 2009.
[9] J. M. Gutierrez, M. Jensen, M. Henius, and T. Riaz, "Smart Waste Collection System
Based on Location Intelligence," Procedia Computer Science, vol. 61, pp. 120-127,
2015.