The document describes a proposed smart garbage management system using IoT. Key elements include: - Garbage bins would be equipped with ultrasonic sensors to detect fill levels and moisture sensors to detect wet/dry waste. - When bins reach a threshold fill level, an alarm and LED would trigger to notify collection. - Sensor data would be sent via ESP8266 WiFi modules to a cloud server for monitoring. - Email/SMS alerts would notify staff to empty full bins, improving collection efficiency.

1. Smart Garbage Management
System using IOT

2. Introduction
The launch of the “Digital India Program” of the Government aims at
transforming India into digital empowered society and knowledge economy
and towards this IOT would play a very vital role. One of the key aspect of
Smart City is Smart Garbage Management which involves monitoring
Garbage in city towards removal appropriately and also disposing off.
Now-a-days we are experiencing the problem of garbage which gets
accumulated in cities and societies. There is no proper supervision from
Corporation towards monitoring the activity of Garbage collection.
Lots of these Garbage collections are being let out as contract to private
party but still there is no proper supervision towards cleaning the roads,
collecting the garbage from bin in time and so.

3. people throw the garbage and as such no one is there to manage which
obviously increases day by day leading to health issues, unclean city and
also creating problems during rainy season.
Current Garbage Collection method by the Municipal Corporations is not
good and up to the mark as they do not care about the cleanliness of the
society. Current method employs large Garbage bins where the waste
dumped by the users gets collected and increases daily. These bins are not
regularly emptied by the authorities.
Currently Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to offer advanced
connectivity of devices, systems, and services that goes beyond machine-
to-machine (M2M) communication and covers a variety of protocols,
domains, and applications. The interconnection of these embedded devices
(including smart objects), is expected to usher in automation in nearly all
fields, while also enable advanced applications like a smart grid, and
expanding to areas such as smart cities.

4. Motivation
IoT – Internet of Things and Embedded open Source
platforms
• Embedded open source controllers and IDE’s are
available to manage sensors and wireless modern
communications modules to establish a complete
dedicated system for any application
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated
computing devices, mechanical and digital machines,
objects, animals or people that are provided with
unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over
a network without requiring human-to-human or
human-to-computer interaction.

5. Garbage Management and Collection in Cities, Town and Villages
is a major concern and emerging problem in Smart City
paradigm.
Also lack of proper resource distribution in the process of
Garbage collection is great risk to sanitation, cleanliness and
health.
The combination of manual and automated system can enhance
the performance of any service either it is public or private.
Problem statement

6. Literature Survey
Before going into the details of our IoT based Smart Garbage Management system, we
will review some of the existing system in vogue pertaining to Smart garbage System In
the traditional Garbage Management, the Municipal Corporations are assigned to place
big dustbins in the society for the collection of the garbage and waste. Once the bin gets
filled, bin gets cleaned by the garbage collector and bin collected are disposed
somewhere appropriate. This system got no proper supervision from the corporation
for cleaning the bin regularly which creates dirtiness on the streets and roads and
spread diseases. So accordingly some initiative have been proposed in developing IoT
Technology for Garbage Management.
In one of the research [1], a sensor (Infrared sensor / proximity sensor) is placed under
the dustbin. When the sensor signal reaches to the threshold value, a mail notification
(like email, twitter, whatsapp message) will be sent to the respective Municipal /
Government authority person. Density of the Dustbin also checked through a GUI
(Graphical User Interface) so any of the authenticated people can check the present
condition of the dustbin. This would enable the personnel to send the collection vehicle
to collect the full garbage bin or dustbin.

7. In another research [2], the dustbins are interfaced with microcontroller
based system having IR wireless systems along with central system showing
current status of garbage, on mobile web browser with html page by Wi-Fi.
Lastly research [3] also been carried out for multiple dustbins located
throughout the city or the campus which are provided with low cost
embedded device that helps in tracking the level of the garbage bins and an
unique ID will be provided for every dustbin in the city so that it is easy to
identify which garbage bin is full. When the level reaches the threshold limit,
the device will transmit the level along with the unique ID provided. These
details can be accessed by the concerned authorities from their place with the
help of Internet and an immediate action can be made to clean the dustbin

8. We propose a smart Wireless Garbage Bin equipped with ESP8266-
WIFI and Arduino and IoT technologies to solve this emerging issue in
City/Town sanitation sector. Each Garbage Bin will be equipped with
level ultrasonic sensor along with Garbage type wet or dry information
in case of any mobility.
All data will be sent through Wi-Fi Node-MCU module ESP8266
communication “Things Speak" link to central server where it can be
made available through Website to monitor sensor data.
At the Same time EMAIL or SMS will be fired to control room and van
driver for quick response and effective collection and disposal of
garbage.
PROJECT SCOPE

9. Software Requirements Specification
Arduino IDE
Windows 8/10 64 bit
Embedded C
Things speak IOT website

10. 1. Arduino UNO
2. ESP8266 – Node MCU- Wi-Fi module
3. Ultrasonic Sensors pairs
4. Moisture Sensor
5. Bin/container hardware Setup
6. 16x2 LCD display
7. Buzzer & LED
8. Power cord or supply
Hardware Requirements Specification

11. PROJECT TIMELINE
Month Project Tasks
September 2022 Project Topic selection, platform selection, creating
abstract
October 2022 Selecting hardware , setup hardware, connecting
component 40%
November 2022 Coding hardware, finish interfacing 40% with
integration of hardware and software
December 2022 Preparing Report stage 1 for Review, completion of
50% project work
January 2023 Next part of hardware with remaining 50%
hardware and software combination
February 2023 Testing final hardware at Once together & Review
March 2023 Stage II report and hardware
completion 100%

12. Architecture
we here have developed an IoT Based Smart Garbage Management System where
ultrasonic sensor attached to top of the Garbage Bin.
These sensors would work on sound waves that would detect and monitor
automatically the garbage in the bin and trigger alarm when the garbage gets filled in
the bin.
In addition the Moisture Sensor will detect the type of garbage has poured in Bin of
selected either wet or dry if garbage inserted in wrong bin it will be notified to garbage
collector.
This will give the analysis report to the municipal corporation towards planning in
cleaning the bin which will be available to the Corp.
as well as IOT platform will monitor the sensor data for any technical error occurred to
identify sensor performance.
The alert message either Email or SMS is fired to person using ESP8266 wifi device This
system makes use of the hardware such as Ultrasonic sensor, Arduino Uno, LED, Alarm,
and LCD display, Moisture Sensor, Node MCU 8266 for Wi-Fi connectivity
The system design and architecture of an IoT based Smart Garbage Management
system shown in Figure.1.

13. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

14. MATHEMATICAL/SIMULATION MODEL

15. 1. Start
2. Depth of bin is collected from Ultrasonic sensor attached to bin.
3. Check if the depth of bin reaches threshold which is 80%.
4. Once threshold reached, alarm and LED is triggered till the bin is emptied.
5. Check if the moisture is detected or not
6. Send the appropriate message for wet or dry state of bin with its number
7. Information is sent to cloud with bin emptied along with date and time.
8. Activate buzzer and display information on LCD
9. Email or SMS setting are activated for all states detected above threshold
level
10 Stop.
ALGORITHMS

16. Data Flow Diagram

17. UML DIAGRAM
Activity Diagram

18. Sequence Diagram

19. USECASE DIAGRAM

20. Flowchart

21. [1]. Kurre, V K, “Smart Garbage Collection Bin Indicator
using IoT”, International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology, Vol.3(5), pp.2288-
2290, 2016.
[2]. Navghane, S S et al, “IoT Based Smart Garbage and
Waste Collection Bin” , International Journal of
Advanced Research in Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Vol.5(5), pp.1576-
1578, 2016
[3]. Prakash and Prabhu, V, “IoT based Waste
Management of Smart City”, International Journal of
Innovative Research in Computer and
Communication Engineering, Vol.4(2), pp.1267-
1274, 2016
4.”IOT Based Smart Garbage and Waste Collection Bin”
-ISSN No.:-2278-9098 , IJARECE – Volume-5
-5 May, 2016
5.”Smart Garbage Monitoring System for Waste Management”
-MATEC Web of Conferences 97, 2016
6.”IOT Based Waste Management Using Smart Dustbin”
-Reference No.:-40S-BE-2142
REFERENCES

22. CONCLUSION
Monitoring the fullness of bins through the use of sensors, it is
possible to achieve a more efficient system than the current
existing. Our idea of “Smart waste management system”, mainly
concentrates on Monitoring the waste management, providing a
smart technology for waste system, avoiding human intervention,
reducing human time and effort and which results in healthy and
waste ridden environment.