This paper simulates two channel WDM optical communication system to investigate the effect of FWM on Bit Error Rate for Duo-binary & binary modulation like NRZ Rectangular at different dispersion value ,core effective area of fiber & channel spacing for 100km long optical communication system. BER
got improved with duobinary modulation format & by increasing core effective area which will offer a significant performance benefit in digital systems.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
SIMULATIVE INVESTIGATION OF SINGLE-TONE ROF SYSTEM USING VARIOUS DUOBINARY MO...optljjournal
In this paper, the performance of single-tone Radio over Fiber (RoF) system has been analyzed by employing different duobinary modulation formats. This single-tone RoF system has been modeled and analyzed using OptiSystem (14.0) software. To evaluate the transmission performance of RoF system, various performance metrics such as Q-factor, BER, and Eye Height are considered. Simulation results indicate that duobinary Hyperbolic-Secant pulse generator format with Single Drive Mach-Zehnder modulator provides better Q-factor and minimum BER as compared to existing modulation format in RoF system.
Available online at [www.ijeete.com]EFFECT OF DISPERSION AND FIBER LENGTH ON ...Ankur Bindal
This paper introduces the non linear optical effect known as four wave mixing (FWM). In wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems four wave mixing can strongly affect the transmission performance on an optical link. As a result it is important to investigate the impact of FWM on the design and performance of WDM optical communication systems. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the FWM power for different values of fiber length and dispersion by designing and simulating a model in Optisim. In this paper, we have simulated the FWM design for three waves. The results obtained show that when the optical fiber length and dispersion value is increased FWM effect reduces. This result confirms that the fiber nonlinearities play decisive role in the WDM.
Performance Analysis of Dispersion Compensation in Long Haul Optical Fiber wi...IOSR Journals
Abstract : In this paper, We investigate post, pre and symmetrical/mix dispersion compensation methods for 40
Gb/s non-return to zero link using standard and dispersion compensated fiber through FBG compensator to
optimize high data rate optical transmission. The influence of dispersion of FBG compensator and increases in
the power of CW laser has been studied to evaluate the performance of optical communication systems. The
simulation model of the WDM based on the Optisystem 11.0 is presented according to the above principle. The
simulation results are validated by analysing the Q-factor and Bit error rate (BER) in the numerical simulator.
It is found that post compensation performance is best and the input fiber power is taken as 5-10dB, the
corresponding BER performance is better.
Keywords - BER, Dispersion compensation, Q-factor, WDM.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
SIMULATIVE INVESTIGATION OF SINGLE-TONE ROF SYSTEM USING VARIOUS DUOBINARY MO...optljjournal
In this paper, the performance of single-tone Radio over Fiber (RoF) system has been analyzed by employing different duobinary modulation formats. This single-tone RoF system has been modeled and analyzed using OptiSystem (14.0) software. To evaluate the transmission performance of RoF system, various performance metrics such as Q-factor, BER, and Eye Height are considered. Simulation results indicate that duobinary Hyperbolic-Secant pulse generator format with Single Drive Mach-Zehnder modulator provides better Q-factor and minimum BER as compared to existing modulation format in RoF system.
Available online at [www.ijeete.com]EFFECT OF DISPERSION AND FIBER LENGTH ON ...Ankur Bindal
This paper introduces the non linear optical effect known as four wave mixing (FWM). In wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems four wave mixing can strongly affect the transmission performance on an optical link. As a result it is important to investigate the impact of FWM on the design and performance of WDM optical communication systems. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the FWM power for different values of fiber length and dispersion by designing and simulating a model in Optisim. In this paper, we have simulated the FWM design for three waves. The results obtained show that when the optical fiber length and dispersion value is increased FWM effect reduces. This result confirms that the fiber nonlinearities play decisive role in the WDM.
Performance Analysis of Dispersion Compensation in Long Haul Optical Fiber wi...IOSR Journals
Abstract : In this paper, We investigate post, pre and symmetrical/mix dispersion compensation methods for 40
Gb/s non-return to zero link using standard and dispersion compensated fiber through FBG compensator to
optimize high data rate optical transmission. The influence of dispersion of FBG compensator and increases in
the power of CW laser has been studied to evaluate the performance of optical communication systems. The
simulation model of the WDM based on the Optisystem 11.0 is presented according to the above principle. The
simulation results are validated by analysing the Q-factor and Bit error rate (BER) in the numerical simulator.
It is found that post compensation performance is best and the input fiber power is taken as 5-10dB, the
corresponding BER performance is better.
Keywords - BER, Dispersion compensation, Q-factor, WDM.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
5 Simulation of Gain flattening 32 channels EDFA-DWDM Optical SystemINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The gain flatness of EDFA plays a very critical role in DWDM system applications in all optical network design. The main purpose of this paper is to achieve gain flatness for 32 channels in order to equalize amplitude gain of DWDM system. This system is simulated using Opti system software to achieve gain flatness of EDFA through variation of EDFA pump power and input power of system. The gains are flattened within 41±0.9 dB from Wavelength range 1546 to 1560 nm having noise figure less than 8dB, Optimized EDFA fiber length of 6.245 m and frequency spacing between channels is 0.4 nm simultaneously amplified in a EDFA of single stage. The working model consists of WDM transmitter , MUX, Pump laser, dual port WDM analyzer and EDFA as key components
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Power Efficiency Improvement in CE-OFDM System With 0 dB IBO for Transmission...CSCJournals
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) OFDM has been adopted for high speed data transmission of multimedia traffic such as HomePlug A/V and Mobile WiMax. However, OFDM also has a drawback of a high PAPR (peak-to-average-power-ratio). Due to this high PAPR amplifier usually does not act in dynamic range. One potential solution for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in an OFDM system is to utilize a constant envelope OFDM (CE-OFDM) system. Furthermore, by utilizing continuous phase modulation (CPM) in a CE-OFDM system, the PAPR can be effectively reduced to 0 dB, allowing for the signal to be amplified with a power efficient non-linear power amplifier with Input Back-Off (IBO) of 0 dB. This paper describes a CE-OFDM based modem for Power Line Communications (PLC) over the low voltage distribution network. Relying on a preliminary characterization of a PLC network, a complete description of the modem is given. Also CE-OFDM is compared with conventional OFDM under HomePlug 1.0 in the presence of power amplifier nonlinearities, considering different values of IBO.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Modelling And Miniaturization of A 2-Bits Phase Shifter Using Koch Fractal Sh...IJERA Editor
Phase shifter is a key component in phase array antenna for the Radar application and the wireless communication system. This paper presents a novel design of miniaturised 2bits phase shifter using Koch fractal shapes of one iteration orders. The 3-section branch line coupler is used to extend the bandwidth of the phase shifter,this type of coupler is characterised by a low cost and simplicity of fabrication.Using the Koch fractal geometry the circuit size of the coupler is reduced to 6.36cm ×2.14cm at 2.4GHz. The simulation results show a good performance. So, over 2.1GHz-2.7GHzThe novel design of 2bits fractal reflection phase shifter based on the 3section show a return loss less than -20dB and the phase error varied between 0.1° and 0.4°for the four output phases . The circuit size of the phase shifter is reduced to9.5cm×2.1cm.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COMPACT UWB BAND PASS FILTERijeljournal
This paper presents design, implementation and analysis of an ultra-wideband (UWB) band-pass-filter using parallel-coupled microstrip line with defective ground plane and a uniform multi-mode resonator. The structure of the filter is designed on microwave substrate GML 1000 of dielectric constant 3.2 and height is 0.762 mm. Simulation is carried out by CST MSW software and optimized structure is fabricated. The frequency response is measured on vector analyzer and measured results show close approximation with simulation results. In this article modeling of the proposed filter is also reported. The electric model of the filter is analyzed by circuit theory and MATLAB. This model is validated by comparing the results with the CST simulation and VNA measured results. This filter is compact in size of dimension 30˟1.87 mm2 may be useful for modern wireless application of communication.
A Compact Reconfigurable Dual Band-notched Ultra-wideband Antenna using Varac...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, a reconfigurable dual band-notched ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is presented.
The antenna design consists of a circular shape with two pairs of the L-resonator. To realize the notch
characteristics in WLAN at 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands, the half wavelength of the L-resonator is
introduced in the design. The T-shaped notch is etched in the ground to enhance the bandwidth which
covers the UWB operating frequency range from 3.219–10.863 GHz. The proposed reconfigurable dual
band-notched UWB antenna shows good impedance matching for the simulated in the physical layout.
Furthermore, the proposed antenna has a compact size of 37.6x28 mm2. This proposed reconfigurable
design can provide an alternative solution for the wireless system in the designing of a band-notched
antenna with a good tuning capability.
A New Compact and Wide-band Band-stop Filter Using Rectangular SRRTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper proposes a novel compact band-stop filter based on Rectangular SRR unit cell. The
BSF structure consists of modified microstrip line connected to 50 Ω feed line on both sides and
Rectangular-SRR which has been added and located in the center of the proposed design. The R-SRR
dimensions are chosen and optimized in order to achieve a resonant frequency in the undesired band.
This filter is designed, simulated and optimized using two electromagnetic solvers. The circuit
performances have been investigated and found to have an excellent BSF characterized by high power
rejection level in the stop-band, low insertion loss in the both pass-bands and compact size. The
experimental results illustrate that the proposed BSF achieves a wide fractional bandwidth of 72 % at
2.2GHz.
SIMULATIVE INVESTIGATION OF SINGLE-TONE ROF SYSTEM USING VARIOUS DUOBINARY MO...optljjournal
In this paper, the performance of single-tone Radio over Fiber (RoF) system has been analyzed by
employing different duobinary modulation formats. This single-tone RoF system has been modeled and
analyzed using OptiSystem (14.0) software. To evaluate the transmission performance of RoF system,
various performance metrics such as Q-factor, BER, and Eye Height are considered. Simulation results
indicate that duobinary Hyperbolic-Secant pulse generator format with Single Drive Mach-Zehnder
modulator provides better Q-factor and minimum BER as compared to existing modulation format in RoF
system.
Spatial optical transmitter based on on/off keying line coding modulation sch...nooriasukmaningtyas
This study has presented a spatial optical transmitter based on on off keying line coding modulation scheme for the optimum performance of telecommunication systems. The encircled flux versus fiber core radius, the 3D graph for fiber mode versus core radius, and the signal power level in dBm versus wavelength through coarse wavelength division multiplexing with a fiber length of 20 km are presented and discussed in detail. The total power measured in W and dBm as well as the signal power amplitude level obtained through the infinite impulse response (IIR) filter based on both Z domain and pole/zero coefficient filter types are illustrated clearly. Signal gain, noise figure, maximum Q factor, and received power are also clarified against bit rates for various modulation line coding schemes.
As we know Optical communication Network offers
very high potential bandwidth and flexibility. In terms of high
bit-rate transmission. However, their performance slows down
due to some parameter like dispersion, attenuation, scattering. In
long haul application, dispersion is the main parameter which
needs to be compensated in order to provide better service. Fiber
Braggs Grating (FBG) is one of the most widely used element to
compensate it, however its performance slows down with the
increase in distance.
This paper presents an investigation on Pulse distortions due to
the third-order dispersion (TOD) on very high speed long
distance single mode optical fiber communication system using
OptiSystem. Presence of the TOD introduces broadening on the
propagating pulse. The impact of TOD is observed at the
receiving end of transmission line considering the variation of
different factors such as transmission reach, bit rate, duty
cycle.BER performance are also considered here.
5 Simulation of Gain flattening 32 channels EDFA-DWDM Optical SystemINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The gain flatness of EDFA plays a very critical role in DWDM system applications in all optical network design. The main purpose of this paper is to achieve gain flatness for 32 channels in order to equalize amplitude gain of DWDM system. This system is simulated using Opti system software to achieve gain flatness of EDFA through variation of EDFA pump power and input power of system. The gains are flattened within 41±0.9 dB from Wavelength range 1546 to 1560 nm having noise figure less than 8dB, Optimized EDFA fiber length of 6.245 m and frequency spacing between channels is 0.4 nm simultaneously amplified in a EDFA of single stage. The working model consists of WDM transmitter , MUX, Pump laser, dual port WDM analyzer and EDFA as key components
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Power Efficiency Improvement in CE-OFDM System With 0 dB IBO for Transmission...CSCJournals
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) OFDM has been adopted for high speed data transmission of multimedia traffic such as HomePlug A/V and Mobile WiMax. However, OFDM also has a drawback of a high PAPR (peak-to-average-power-ratio). Due to this high PAPR amplifier usually does not act in dynamic range. One potential solution for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in an OFDM system is to utilize a constant envelope OFDM (CE-OFDM) system. Furthermore, by utilizing continuous phase modulation (CPM) in a CE-OFDM system, the PAPR can be effectively reduced to 0 dB, allowing for the signal to be amplified with a power efficient non-linear power amplifier with Input Back-Off (IBO) of 0 dB. This paper describes a CE-OFDM based modem for Power Line Communications (PLC) over the low voltage distribution network. Relying on a preliminary characterization of a PLC network, a complete description of the modem is given. Also CE-OFDM is compared with conventional OFDM under HomePlug 1.0 in the presence of power amplifier nonlinearities, considering different values of IBO.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Modelling And Miniaturization of A 2-Bits Phase Shifter Using Koch Fractal Sh...IJERA Editor
Phase shifter is a key component in phase array antenna for the Radar application and the wireless communication system. This paper presents a novel design of miniaturised 2bits phase shifter using Koch fractal shapes of one iteration orders. The 3-section branch line coupler is used to extend the bandwidth of the phase shifter,this type of coupler is characterised by a low cost and simplicity of fabrication.Using the Koch fractal geometry the circuit size of the coupler is reduced to 6.36cm ×2.14cm at 2.4GHz. The simulation results show a good performance. So, over 2.1GHz-2.7GHzThe novel design of 2bits fractal reflection phase shifter based on the 3section show a return loss less than -20dB and the phase error varied between 0.1° and 0.4°for the four output phases . The circuit size of the phase shifter is reduced to9.5cm×2.1cm.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COMPACT UWB BAND PASS FILTERijeljournal
This paper presents design, implementation and analysis of an ultra-wideband (UWB) band-pass-filter using parallel-coupled microstrip line with defective ground plane and a uniform multi-mode resonator. The structure of the filter is designed on microwave substrate GML 1000 of dielectric constant 3.2 and height is 0.762 mm. Simulation is carried out by CST MSW software and optimized structure is fabricated. The frequency response is measured on vector analyzer and measured results show close approximation with simulation results. In this article modeling of the proposed filter is also reported. The electric model of the filter is analyzed by circuit theory and MATLAB. This model is validated by comparing the results with the CST simulation and VNA measured results. This filter is compact in size of dimension 30˟1.87 mm2 may be useful for modern wireless application of communication.
A Compact Reconfigurable Dual Band-notched Ultra-wideband Antenna using Varac...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, a reconfigurable dual band-notched ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is presented.
The antenna design consists of a circular shape with two pairs of the L-resonator. To realize the notch
characteristics in WLAN at 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands, the half wavelength of the L-resonator is
introduced in the design. The T-shaped notch is etched in the ground to enhance the bandwidth which
covers the UWB operating frequency range from 3.219–10.863 GHz. The proposed reconfigurable dual
band-notched UWB antenna shows good impedance matching for the simulated in the physical layout.
Furthermore, the proposed antenna has a compact size of 37.6x28 mm2. This proposed reconfigurable
design can provide an alternative solution for the wireless system in the designing of a band-notched
antenna with a good tuning capability.
A New Compact and Wide-band Band-stop Filter Using Rectangular SRRTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper proposes a novel compact band-stop filter based on Rectangular SRR unit cell. The
BSF structure consists of modified microstrip line connected to 50 Ω feed line on both sides and
Rectangular-SRR which has been added and located in the center of the proposed design. The R-SRR
dimensions are chosen and optimized in order to achieve a resonant frequency in the undesired band.
This filter is designed, simulated and optimized using two electromagnetic solvers. The circuit
performances have been investigated and found to have an excellent BSF characterized by high power
rejection level in the stop-band, low insertion loss in the both pass-bands and compact size. The
experimental results illustrate that the proposed BSF achieves a wide fractional bandwidth of 72 % at
2.2GHz.
SIMULATIVE INVESTIGATION OF SINGLE-TONE ROF SYSTEM USING VARIOUS DUOBINARY MO...optljjournal
In this paper, the performance of single-tone Radio over Fiber (RoF) system has been analyzed by
employing different duobinary modulation formats. This single-tone RoF system has been modeled and
analyzed using OptiSystem (14.0) software. To evaluate the transmission performance of RoF system,
various performance metrics such as Q-factor, BER, and Eye Height are considered. Simulation results
indicate that duobinary Hyperbolic-Secant pulse generator format with Single Drive Mach-Zehnder
modulator provides better Q-factor and minimum BER as compared to existing modulation format in RoF
system.
Spatial optical transmitter based on on/off keying line coding modulation sch...nooriasukmaningtyas
This study has presented a spatial optical transmitter based on on off keying line coding modulation scheme for the optimum performance of telecommunication systems. The encircled flux versus fiber core radius, the 3D graph for fiber mode versus core radius, and the signal power level in dBm versus wavelength through coarse wavelength division multiplexing with a fiber length of 20 km are presented and discussed in detail. The total power measured in W and dBm as well as the signal power amplitude level obtained through the infinite impulse response (IIR) filter based on both Z domain and pole/zero coefficient filter types are illustrated clearly. Signal gain, noise figure, maximum Q factor, and received power are also clarified against bit rates for various modulation line coding schemes.
As we know Optical communication Network offers
very high potential bandwidth and flexibility. In terms of high
bit-rate transmission. However, their performance slows down
due to some parameter like dispersion, attenuation, scattering. In
long haul application, dispersion is the main parameter which
needs to be compensated in order to provide better service. Fiber
Braggs Grating (FBG) is one of the most widely used element to
compensate it, however its performance slows down with the
increase in distance.
This paper presents an investigation on Pulse distortions due to
the third-order dispersion (TOD) on very high speed long
distance single mode optical fiber communication system using
OptiSystem. Presence of the TOD introduces broadening on the
propagating pulse. The impact of TOD is observed at the
receiving end of transmission line considering the variation of
different factors such as transmission reach, bit rate, duty
cycle.BER performance are also considered here.
Reduction of Four-Wave Mixing in DWDM System using Electro-Optic Phase Modula...IJECEIAES
In this paper, electro-optic phase modulator (EOPM) is used to reduce the effect of four-wave mixing (FWM), which is placed after 64 DWDMchannels multiplexer. It was found that the FWM is very sensitive to the phase deviation of the EOPM, and it can be reduced by introducing a phase shift between pulses. The simulation results confirmed the ability of the EOPM in improving the system performanceas indicated by the bit error rates. In term of comparison, the system of 64 channels based intensity modulated/ direct detection (IM/DD) transmission achieved bit error rate of 10 over 30 km and 70km without and with EOPM, respectively. -26
analysis on design and implementation of 4×10 gb s wdm tdm pon with disparate...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This article presents a design of wavelength division multiplexing/ Time division Multiplexing (WDM-TDM) in passive optical network with a data rate of 10 Gbps. The implementation has been carried out for varying link distance from 40km to 100km for 4 different wavelengths with a maximum of 32 supporting users with two different receiver photodiodes. The parameters such as BER and the Q-factor for PON network is being analyzed with the link distance. The BER is decreased as the distance of the network is increased when using the APD receivers than PIN receiver. Optimal value of BER is obtained for a distance of 97 Km in APD and 96 Km in pin receiver.
Integrated DWDM and MIMO-OFDM System for 4G High Capacity Mobile Communicatio...CSCJournals
Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) technique is a very promising data transmission technology for utilizing the capacity of the fiber. By DWDM, multiple signals (video, audio, data etc) staggered in wavelength domain can be multiplexed and transmitted down the same fiber. The Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless technology in combination with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is an attractive air-interface solution for next-generation wireless local area networks (WLANs) and fourth-generation mobile cellular wireless systems. This article provides an overview of the integrated DWDM MIMO-OFDM technology and focuses on DWDM transmitter design with adequate dispersion compensation for high data rate of 10Gbps ,MIMO-OFDM system design, space-time coded signaling, receiver design and performance analysis in terms of bit error rate for Integrated system. The simulation is carried out using powerful software tools Optisystem and MATLAB . In this paper a 64 channel DWDM system is simulated for transmission of baseband NRZ signal over fiber. Each of the transmission is at bit rate of 10 Gbps leading to high data rate transmission of 640 Gbps.The resultant Bit Error Rate(BER) is in the range 10-12 for DWDM system which is given as input to MIMO-OFDM system..This system performance is analyzed in terms of BER with SNR for Rayleigh, and AWGN channels and BER of 10-4 is achieved at SNR of 10dbs
Empirical analysis of polarization division multiplexing-dense wavelength di...IJECEIAES
This paper exemplifies dense wavelength division multiplexing combined with polarization division multiplexing with C-band frequency range-based single-mode fiber. In the proposed link, 32 independent channels with 16 individual wavelengths are multiplexed with two different angles of polarization. Each carrying 130 Gbps dual-polarization data with 200 GHz channel spacing claiming a net transmission rate of 4.16 Tbits/s with spectral efficiency of 69% with 20% side-mode-suppression-ratio (SMSR) and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) 40.7. The performance of the proposed techniques has been analyzed using optimized system parameters securing a minimum bit error rate (BER) 10-9 at a transmission distance up to 50 km.
Performance evaluation of 4-quadrature amplitude modulation over orthogonal ...IJECEIAES
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier modulation (MCM) technique that divides the wide bandwidth into parallel narrow bands, each of which is modulated by orthogonal subcarriers. Currently, OFDM is a high-spectral efficiency modulation technique that is used in a variety of wired and wireless applications. The transmitted signal in a wireless communication channel spreads from transmitter to receiver through multiple reflective paths. This triggers multipath fading, which causes variations in the received signal's amplitude and phase. Slow/fast and frequency-selective/frequency-nonselective are the main types of multipath fading channels. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed new models for modeling multipath fading channels, such as the exponential fading channel and the Gamma fading channel. In addition, new bit-error-rate (BER) derivations have been derived. The performance of the OFDM system over proposed channel models has been evaluated using Monte-Carlo simulation and compared to the Rayleigh fading channel model. The obtained results via simulations show that the exponential fading channel at a rate parameter (λ=0.5) outperforms the Rayleigh fading channel by 6 dB for all values of Eb/No, while the Gamma fading channel at (α=2) outperforms the Rayleigh fading channel by 3 dB for all values of Eb/No.
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)
[1] is a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier
frequencies. OFDM[1] has developed into a popular scheme
for wideband digital communication, whether wireless or
over copper wires, used in applications such as digital television
and audio broadcasting, DSL Internet access, wireless networks,
powerline networks, and 4G mobile communications. In the
Several wireless standards such as IEEE 802.11a[2] and
HiperLAN2[3].The orthogonality of the subcarriers is no longer
maintained which results in ICI (Inter carrier Interference)[4]
.ICI reduction techniques achieve a better SNR and BER in
OFDM at zero phase noise variance . This technique will use a
large number of closely spaced orthogonal subcarriers to avoid
phase noise. It provides high data rates with sufficient robustness
to radio channel damages. A major problem in OFDM is carrier
frequency offset error between the transmitted and received
signals. Due to this the orthogonality of the subcarriers is no
longer maintained which results in ICI (Inter carrier
Interference). In this paper, we used the ICI self-cancellation
technique and reduced the ICI and improved the BER and SNR
we are also calculate the SNR=15db and 20db at different phase
noise variance.
Gain Flatness and Noise Figure Optimization of C-Band EDFA in 16-channels WDM...Yayah Zakaria
In this paper, Gain Flatness and Noise Figure of Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) have been investigated in 16-channels Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM). Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is used in C-band with the aim to achieve flat EDFA output gain. The proposed model has been studied in detail to evaluate and to enhance the performance of the transmission system in terms of gain, noise figure and eye diagram of the
received signals. To that end, various design parameters have been investigated and optimized, such as frequency spacing, EDF length and temperature. To enhance the transmission system performance in terms of gain flatness, the Gain Flattening Filter (GFF) has been introduced in the design. To prove the efficiency of the new design, the optical transmission
system with optimized design parameters has been compared with a previous works in the literature. The simulation results show satisfactory performance with quasi-equalized gain for each channel of the WDM transmission system.
Gain Flatness and Noise Figure Optimization of C-Band EDFAin 16-channels WDM ...IJECEIAES
In this paper, Gain Flatness and Noise Figure of Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) have been investigated in 16-channels Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM). Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is used in C-band with the aim to achieve flat EDFA output gain. The proposed model has been studied in detail to evaluate and to enhance the performance of the transmission system in terms of gain, noise figure and eye diagram of the received signals. To that end, various design parameters have been investigated and optimized, such as frequency spacing, EDF length and temperature. To enhance the transmission system performance in terms of gain flatness, the Gain Flattening Filter (GFF) has been introduced in the design. To prove the efficiency of the new design, the optical transmission system with optimized design parameters has been compared with a previous works in the literature. The simulation results show satisfactory performance with quasi-equalized gain for each channel of the WDM transmission system.
Similar to INVESTIGATION OF FWM EFFECT ON BER IN WDM OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH BINARY AND DUOBINARY MODULATION FORMAT (20)
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
block diagram and signal flow graph representation
INVESTIGATION OF FWM EFFECT ON BER IN WDM OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH BINARY AND DUOBINARY MODULATION FORMAT
1. International Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems (IJDPS) Vol.1, No.2, November 2010
DOI : 10.5121/ijdps.2010.1209 109
INVESTIGATION OF FWM EFFECT ON BER
IN WDM OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM WITH BINARY AND DUOBINARY
MODULATION FORMAT
Laxman Tawade*,Shantanu Jagdale*, Premanand Kadbe*, Shankar Deosarkar*
* Vidya Pratishthan’s College of Engineering, Baramati, India.
tawadelaxman@rediffmail.com,shantanujagdale@gmail.com,
be_prem@rediffmail.com , sbdeosarkar@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
This paper simulates two channel WDM optical communication system to investigate the effect of FWM
on Bit Error Rate for Duo-binary & binary modulation like NRZ Rectangular at different dispersion
value ,core effective area of fiber & channel spacing for 100km long optical communication system. BER
got improved with duobinary modulation format & by increasing core effective area which will offer a
significant performance benefit in digital systems.
KEYWORDS
Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), Four wave mixing (FWM), Bit error rate (BER),
Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA).
1. INTRODUCTION
In order to meet the huge capacity demands imposed on the core transmission network by the
explosive growth in data communications the number of optical channels in dense-WDM
optical networks is being increased. Since the gain bandwidth of EDFAs is limited, these
requirements for a very large number of channels mean that the channel spacing will have to be
small. The current ITU grid specifies 100 GHz channel spacing, but systems are being
considered with 50 GHz to 25GHz channel spacing. At these spacing, the non-linear effects of
the optical fibre can induce serious system impairments and modulation schemes are now being
developed which are robust to both the linear and non-linear behaviour of fibre. Duobinary
modulation techniques are known to compress the optical spectrum, thereby facilitating the
tighter packing of channels into the EDFA gain window. It has also been reported that the 2-
level variant of duobinary signalling [1, 2] almost eliminates the impact of SBS since the optical
carrier component is suppressed [3]. Four-Wave-Mixing (FWM) is another non linear effect
[14] that can limit the performance of WDM systems [4, 5, 8, 9].For long distance light wave
communication larger information transmission capacity and longer repeater-less distance are
required formers requires high bit rate and wavelength division multiplexing for increasing bit
rate. When high power optical signal is launched into a fiber linearity of optical response is lost.
Four wave mixing is due to changes in the refractive index with optical power called optical
Kerr effect. In FWM effect, two co-propagating wave produce two new optical sideband wave
at different frequencies. When new frequencies fall in the transmission window of original
frequency it causes severe cross talk between channels propagating through an optical fiber.
Degradation becomes very severe for large number of WDM channels with small spacing.
Optical duobinary modulation has attracted much attention as a transmission technique that can
mitigate fiber chromatic-dispersion effects in high capacity optical transmission system [10 -
2. International Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems (IJDPS) Vol.1, No.2, November 2010
110
12]. The technique was first described by Lender in 1963 [13]. The simulation setup is validated
using simulation software Optsim.
2. SIMULATION SET UP
A model of optical communication link is simulated in (fig.1).Here optical fiber of 100km
long is used & two CW semiconductor lasers externally modulated by Duo-binary & binary
modulation format like NRZ Rectangular. CW laser 1 have central emission frequency
193.41449 THz (1550nm), optical power 3dBm & FWHM line width 10 MHz. CW Laser 2
have central emission frequency 193.45817 THz (1549.65nm), optical power 3dBm & FWHM
line width 10 MHz .Data source generate data of Bit rate 10 Gbps. The duo binary encoder used
consists of a one-bit delay line. The output of the delay line is added to the original signal to
generate a zero mean, three-level signal. Here external modulation is carried out by amplitude
dual arm Mach Zehnder modulator .Mach Zehnder modulator [15] has maximum transmissivity
offset voltage of 0.5V & extinction ratio of 20dB. Same external modulator is used for both
duobinary & binary signal with same parameter as mentioned above. Duobinary modulation
format is obtained by driving an external dual arm modulator with opposite phase signal. The
simulation set up is shown in figure 1.Two externally modulated duobinary signal or binary
signal can be combined using optical combiner having attenuation on each output -0.0dB .The
optical signal is amplified by optical amplifier which has output power 7dBm, maximum small
signal gain 35 & noise figure 4.5 dB. The signals are then transmitted over 100km of optical
fiber having loss 0.2 dB & reference wavelength for dispersion is 1550nm.Optical filter raised
cosine is followed by 100km optical fiber.
Figure 1. The Simulation setup
This optical filter has band pass type , center wavelength 1550nm,-3dB two sided bandwidth
52 GHz.PIN Photodiode is used at receiver side to convert optical signal into electrical signal
.This PIN Photodiode having reference wavelength as 1550 nm, quantum efficiency 0.7, -3dB
Bandwidth as 40GHz & dark current 0.1nA . Bessel electrical filter is followed by PIN
Photodiode. Bessel electrical filter is low pass type, having number of poles 5, -3dB bandwidth
as 8 GHz. In additions, the optimum configuration of duobinary transmitters & receiver has
been extensively studied [18]. Here four simulations are conducted for both duobinary & binary
modulation format; one is to determine the Variation in BER with channel spacing keeping
3. International Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems (IJDPS) Vol.1, No.2, November 2010
111
constant dispersion = 17ps/nm/km, core effective area =80µm; second is to determine the
variation in BER with channel spacing for different core effective area
(20µm,40µm,60µm,80µm),keeping dispersion = 17ps/nm/km; third is to determine the variation
in BER with dispersion for constant core effective area 80µm; fourth is to determine the
variation in BER with dispersion for different core effective area .The spectrum after
propagation through the fiber is viewed on an optical spectrum analyser (OSA). Power is kept
as constant as practicable for all of the simulation. At receiver side, electrical scope is connected
to electrical filter output to view eye diagram, to calculate BER, Q factor .In some simulation
model , I am using fiber with dispersion 17ps/nm/km & core effective area 80µm.
Input variable:
Dispersion= 0 - 12ps/nm/km
Core effective area = 20-80 µm
3. RESULTS
Total transmission capacity can be enhanced by increasing the number of multiplexed DWDM
channels. This can be carried out by reducing channel spacing .we know that for DWDM
transmission channel spacing between two adjacent channel for 10Gbps should not be less than
37.5 GHz [ 6]. Here first simulation is carried out for binary & duobinary modulation format to
determine variation in BER with channel spacing between adjacent channels for constant
dispersion=17 ps/nm/km & core effective area =80µm.In figure.2a variation in BER with
channel spacing for binary & duobinary modulation is shown.
Figure.2a BER vs Channel Spacing Figure.2b BER vs Channel Spacing for
Binary modulation
As we increase channel spacing between adjacent channels the BER reduces for both duobinary
& binary modulation format. When we compare reduction in BER for both duobinary & binary
then we come to know that reduction in BER for duobinary modulation is greater. As shown in
figure.2a at 0.35nm channel spacing between adjacent channels the BER for duobinary & binary
modulation format are 2.10E-11 & 3.86E-03 respectively. The eye opening for duobinary &
4. International Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems (IJDPS) Vol.1, No.2, November 2010
112
binary modulation format are 0.267E-04 & 0.539E-05 respectively. I have taken 0.35 nm as
channel spacing between adjacent channels to get better eye diagram & less BER which plays
an important role to improve DWDM system performance. The second simulation is conducted
for both duobinary & binary modulation format in order to investigate the variation in BER with
channel spacing for constant dispersion = 17 ps/nm/km & variable core effective area (20µm,
40µm, 60µm, 80µm).
Figure.2c BER vs Channel Spacing for duobinary modulation
In figure.2b variation in BER with channel spacing for different core effective area & for
constant dispersion =17ps/nm/km is shown. It is observed that at 0.1nm & 0.2nm channel
spacing the BER is constant for all core effective area. There is variation in BER for all core
effective area after 0.2nm channel spacing. In figure.2b it is observed that BER reduces with the
increase in core effective area. In figure.2b & figure.2c eye diagrams with BER are shown for
all core effective area at 0.35nm channel spacing for duobinary & binary. Of course it is found
that the reduction in BER is more in Duobinary modulation than binary modulation.
Figure.3a BER vs Dispersion Figure.3b BER vs Dispersion for binary
5. International Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems (IJDPS) Vol.1, No.2, November 2010
113
Modulation format
The third simulation is conducted for both binary & duobinary modulation format to investigate
the variation in BER with dispersion for constant core effective area =80µm & channel spacing
=0.35nm.In figure.3a the variation in BER with dispersion for constant core effective area=8µm
& channel spacing=0.35nm for duobinary & binary modulation format is shown. As we know
that less dispersion means all signals are in phase [7] .when signals are in phase then there is
interaction between signal & it produces FWM product. FWM product result in increase in BER
which affect WDM optical communication system [7]. In figure.3a it is found that for binary
modulation BER reduce with dispersion up to dispersion=6ps/nm/km. there is increase in BER
after dispersion = 6ps/nm/km. In case of duobinary modulation it is found that the BER is 1E-40
constant for dispersion=0, 2, 4, 6 ps/nm/km.BER increases after dispersion = 6 ps/nm/km. when
we compare increment in BER for both duobinary & binary modulation format after
dispersion=6ps/nm/km then we found that the increment in BER is greater for binary
modulation format. In figure.3a eye diagrams with BER are shown for both modulation format
at dispersion=6ps/nm/km.
Figure. 3c BER vs Dispersion for duobinary modulation
Figure.3d Optical spectrum after 100km fiber for duobinary modulation
6. International Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems (IJDPS) Vol.1, No.2, November 2010
114
The fourth simulation is conducted for both duobinary & binary modulation format in order to
investigate the variation in BER with dispersion for constant channel spacing =0.35nm &
variable core effective area (20µm,40µm,60µm,80µm).In figure.3b variation in BER with
dispersion for binary modulation for different core effective area is shown. In figure.3b it is
found that reduction in BER is possible up to dispersion=8ps/nm/km. There is increment in
BER from dispersion= 8ps/nm/km. The minimum BER value for binary modulation is 2.66E-
08.In figure.3c variation in BER with dispersion for duobinary modulation for different value of
core effective value is shown. In figure.3c it is observed that the BER is constant up to
dispersion value=4ps/nm/km for all core effective area. The minimum BER value for duobinary
modulation is 1E-40. In figure.3b & 3c it is clear that the minimum BER value for binary
modulation is maximum BER value for duobinary modulation. In figure.3d the nature of optical
spectrum after 100km fiber for different dispersion value & core effective value & constant
channel spacing 0.35nm is shown. In figure.3d it is clear that for minimum dispersion value &
minimum core effective area the FWM effect is great & whatever FWM products [16,17] are
formed having large power. When we increase dispersion value & core effective area then there
is decrement in power of FWM product. Figure.3c shows that due to increase in dispersion
value the BER is increased .It is also observed that BER is more reduced by using duobinary
modulation as compared to binary modulation.
4. CONCLUSIONS
This paper simulates WDM optical communication system using optsim. This simulation
provides verification that the use of a duobinary encoding scheme can reduce significantly the
level of four-wave mixing products. The reduction in BER is more for Duobinary modulation
than binary modulation with channel spacing for constant dispersion value=17ps/nm/km &
constant core effective area =80µm.second thing which is observed is that the reduction in BER
is more for duobinary modulation for variable core effective area & constant dispersion
value=17ps/nm/km. Further BER is reduced by increasing core effective area. BER is increased
with increase in dispersion value after 6ps/nm/km but the increment in BER is very less as
compare to binary modulation. Thus duobinary becomes a very attractive encoding method.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thanks to family member, friends Rohini kale, Shruti Kothari, Manoj
zagde, Sandeep shinde , Hemant warpe & pofessors from our institute for supporting. At last we
would like to thanks to our institute Vidya Pratishthan’s College of Engineering, Baramati,
India for providing fund for this project.
REFERENCES
[1] T. Franck, P.B. Hansen, T.N. Nielsen, L. Eskildsen, .Duobinary Transmitter with Low Intersymbol
Interference. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 10, No. 4, April
1998.
[2] T. Ono, Y. Yano, K. Fukuchi, T. Ito, H. Yamazaki, M. Yamaguchi, K. Emura, .Characteristics of
Optical Duobinary Signals in Terabit/s Capacity, High-Spectral Efficiency WDM Systems., J. Lightwave
Tech, Vol. 16, No. 5, May 1998.
7. International Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems (IJDPS) Vol.1, No.2, November 2010
115
[3] T. Franck, T. N. Nielsen, A. Stentz, .Experimental Verification of SBS Suppression by Duobinary
Modulation., ECOC 97, September 1997.
[4] K. Inoue, .Influence of fiber FWM in multichannel return-to-zero signal transmissions, IEEE Photon.
Technol. Lett. Vol. 8, 1996.
[5] N. Shibata, K. Nosu, K. Iwashita, Y. Azuma, .Transmission Limitations Due to Fiber Nonlinearities in
Optical FDM Systems., IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Commun., Vol.8, No.6, 1999
[6] G. Ivanovs, V. Bobrovs, O. Ozoli_š and J. Pori_š*” Realization of HDWDM transmission system”
International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 5(5), pp. 452-458, May 2010
[7] S. Betti, M. Giaconi, and M. Nardini “Effect of Four- Wave Mixing on WDM Optical Systems:
A Statistical Analysis”, IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, VOL. 15, NO. 8, AUGUST
2003
[8] G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear fiber optics, (Optics and Photonics, 4rd ed., Ac. Press, San Diego, 2008).
[9] R.-J. Essiambre and P. J. Winzer, “Fibre nonlinearities in electronically predistorted transmission,”
presented at the Eur. Conf. Optical Commun. (ECOC’05), Glasgow, U.K., Sep. 25–29, 2005, Paper Tu
3.2.2.
[10]Yano,Y.,et al.:’2.6 terabit/s WDM transmission experiment using optica duobinary coding’.Proc.
European Conf. on Optical Communication (ECOC),1996,Paper ThB3.1
[11]Bissessur,H., et al.:’ 3.2 Tbit/s(80x40 Gbit/s) Phase-shaped binary transmission over 3x100 km with
0.8 bit/s/Hz efficiency ’,Electron.Lett.,2002,38,pp.377-379
[12]Charlet,G., et al.: ‘6.4 Tbit/s (159 x 42.7Gb/s.) capacity over 21 x100 km using bandwidth-limited
phase-shaped binary transmission’.Proc.European Conf.on Optical Communication
(ECOC),2002,postdeadline paper PD4.1
[13]Lender, A.: ‘The duobinary technique for high speed data transmission’, IEEE Trans. Commun.
Electron. , 1963, 82, pp.214-218
[14] T. Schneider, Nonlinear Optics in Telecommunications. Berlin: Springer, 2004.
[15] L.A. Johansson, L.A. Coldren, P.C. Koh, Y.A. Akulova, G.A. Fish, "Transmission of 10 Gbps
Duobinary Signals Using an Integrated Laser-Mach Zehnder Modulator," Optical Fiber
communication/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, 2008. OFC/NFOEC2008. pp. 1-3, 24-28
Feb. 2008
[16] K.-D. Chang, G.-C. Yang, and W. Kwong, “Determination of FWM products in unequal-spaced-
channel WDM lightwave systems,” J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 2113–2122, Dec. 2000.
[17] Bernhard Goebel and Norbert Hanik” Analytical Calculation of the Number of Four-Wave-Mixing
Products in Optical Multichannel Communication Systems” TECHNISCHE UNIVERSIT¨AT
M¨UNCHEN, TECHNICAL REPORT, OCTOBER 2008
[18] Zheng,X., Liu,F.,and Jeppesen,P.: ‘Receiver optimization for 4Gb/s optical duobinary signal’,IEEE
Photonics Technol. Lett., 2001, 13,(7)
Authors
Laxman Tawade is pursuing BE degree in Electronic & Telecommunication from
institute Vidya Pratishthan’s College of Engineering, Baramati, India. He has published
two papers in international conference. His research interest includes optical fiber
communication, optical access networks based on WDM-PON and biomedical signal
processing.
8. International Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems (IJDPS) Vol.1, No.2, November 2010
116
Shantanu Jagdale is currently lecturer in the Department of Electronic & Telecommunication at Vidya
Pratishthan’s College of Engineering, Baramati, India.He received MTech in optical fiber communication
from Dr. B. A. T. U. Lonere in 2008. His research interest includes lightwave systems and optical access
networks based on WDM-PON.
Premanand Kadbe is currently a Assistant professor in the Department of Electronic &
Telecommunication at Vidya Pratishthan’s College of Engineering, Baramati, India.He received MTech
in electronic from Nagpur University in 2007 .His teaching experience is 3.5 years. He has 2 national
conference paper and 1 journal paper. His research interest includes lightwave systems and optical
access networks based on WDM-PON,VLSI, digital signal processing.
Shankar B. Deosarkar, Lonere - 402 103, Maharashtra State, INDIA, did M.E. in
1990 and Ph.D. in 2003 from S.R.T. Marathwada University, Nanded,
India. His major field of study includes microwave and antennas. Presently
he is working as principal in Vidya Pratishthan’s College of Engineering,
Baramati, India. He has a teaching experience of over 20 years. In addition
to his regular duties, he has also worked as the Controller of Examinations
of the Dr. B. A. T. U. Lonere from 1990 to 2007.His research
interests are in the area of antennas, microwaves, EMI/EMC and signal
integrity issues in high speed circuits. He has around 25 research papers in
various international and national journals/conferences to his credit .Dr.
Deosarkar is Fellow of IETE and life member of ISTE, India. At present
four research scholars are doing Ph.D. under his guidance