This document summarizes a study on using return-to-zero (RZ) pulse generation and dispersion compensation techniques in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems to achieve broadband transmission over long distances. The study used simulation software to model an 8-channel DWDM system with and without dispersion compensation fibers. Results showed that using RZ pulses and dispersion compensation fibers improved key performance metrics like Q-factor and minimum bit error rate compared to non-return-to-zero pulses without compensation. Analysis of eye diagrams and spectra also demonstrated lower distortion and broader transmission bandwidth when using the RZ and compensation technique.
Integrated DWDM and MIMO-OFDM System for 4G High Capacity Mobile Communicatio...CSCJournals
Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) technique is a very promising data transmission technology for utilizing the capacity of the fiber. By DWDM, multiple signals (video, audio, data etc) staggered in wavelength domain can be multiplexed and transmitted down the same fiber. The Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless technology in combination with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is an attractive air-interface solution for next-generation wireless local area networks (WLANs) and fourth-generation mobile cellular wireless systems. This article provides an overview of the integrated DWDM MIMO-OFDM technology and focuses on DWDM transmitter design with adequate dispersion compensation for high data rate of 10Gbps ,MIMO-OFDM system design, space-time coded signaling, receiver design and performance analysis in terms of bit error rate for Integrated system. The simulation is carried out using powerful software tools Optisystem and MATLAB . In this paper a 64 channel DWDM system is simulated for transmission of baseband NRZ signal over fiber. Each of the transmission is at bit rate of 10 Gbps leading to high data rate transmission of 640 Gbps.The resultant Bit Error Rate(BER) is in the range 10-12 for DWDM system which is given as input to MIMO-OFDM system..This system performance is analyzed in terms of BER with SNR for Rayleigh, and AWGN channels and BER of 10-4 is achieved at SNR of 10dbs
A mitigation of channel crosstalk effect in dispersion shifted fiber based on...IJECEIAES
In fiber optics the Four Wave Mixing (FWM) has the harmful effect of an optical transmission system that can severely limit Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and reduce the transmission aptness. This work preset the durability of the different modulation format was tested to FWM by using Dispersion Shifted Fiber (DSF). Moreover, the performance of the proposed system is surveyed by changing the fiber length and applying an information rate of 200 Gb/s. The experimental results show that the FWM capacity has decreased significantly by more than 14 dB when applying Return to Zero (RZ) modulation form. In addition, in terms of the propsed system performance in the first channel and with 700 km distance, it was observed that the lower Bit Error Rate (BER) in the normal RZ modulation is equal to 1.3×10 -13 . As well as it is noticeable when applied the Non Return to Zero (NRZ), the Modified Duobinary Return to Zero (MDRZ) and Gaussian modulation, the system performance will be quickly changed and getting worse, where the BERs increased to 1.3×10 consecutively at same channel and for the same parameters. -4 , 1.3×10 -6 and 1.3×10 -2
Performance analysis of dwdm based fiber optic communication with different m...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Available online at [www.ijeete.com]EFFECT OF DISPERSION AND FIBER LENGTH ON ...Ankur Bindal
This paper introduces the non linear optical effect known as four wave mixing (FWM). In wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems four wave mixing can strongly affect the transmission performance on an optical link. As a result it is important to investigate the impact of FWM on the design and performance of WDM optical communication systems. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the FWM power for different values of fiber length and dispersion by designing and simulating a model in Optisim. In this paper, we have simulated the FWM design for three waves. The results obtained show that when the optical fiber length and dispersion value is increased FWM effect reduces. This result confirms that the fiber nonlinearities play decisive role in the WDM.
Analysis of SRS Effects at Different Number of Channels and Power Levels and ...ijsrd.com
Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) effect is one of the Nonlinear effects in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed (DWDM) Fiber Optic Communication System. The effect of Stimulated Raman Scattering causes power to be transferred from the lower wavelength channel to the higher wavelength channel. This will reduce the Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) for the high frequency channel or low wavelength channel. SRS effect is studied for different input power and for different number of wavelengths. SRS effect could be reduced by setting optimum optical power in the fiber. Various channel (4,8,11) DWDM system for various power levels of individual channels is stimulated in the sample mode of OPTSIM software for getting the effects of SRS like Power Tilt in the optical spectrum, after the fiber.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
As we know Optical communication Network offers
very high potential bandwidth and flexibility. In terms of high
bit-rate transmission. However, their performance slows down
due to some parameter like dispersion, attenuation, scattering. In
long haul application, dispersion is the main parameter which
needs to be compensated in order to provide better service. Fiber
Braggs Grating (FBG) is one of the most widely used element to
compensate it, however its performance slows down with the
increase in distance.
This paper presents an investigation on Pulse distortions due to
the third-order dispersion (TOD) on very high speed long
distance single mode optical fiber communication system using
OptiSystem. Presence of the TOD introduces broadening on the
propagating pulse. The impact of TOD is observed at the
receiving end of transmission line considering the variation of
different factors such as transmission reach, bit rate, duty
cycle.BER performance are also considered here.
Integrated DWDM and MIMO-OFDM System for 4G High Capacity Mobile Communicatio...CSCJournals
Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) technique is a very promising data transmission technology for utilizing the capacity of the fiber. By DWDM, multiple signals (video, audio, data etc) staggered in wavelength domain can be multiplexed and transmitted down the same fiber. The Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless technology in combination with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is an attractive air-interface solution for next-generation wireless local area networks (WLANs) and fourth-generation mobile cellular wireless systems. This article provides an overview of the integrated DWDM MIMO-OFDM technology and focuses on DWDM transmitter design with adequate dispersion compensation for high data rate of 10Gbps ,MIMO-OFDM system design, space-time coded signaling, receiver design and performance analysis in terms of bit error rate for Integrated system. The simulation is carried out using powerful software tools Optisystem and MATLAB . In this paper a 64 channel DWDM system is simulated for transmission of baseband NRZ signal over fiber. Each of the transmission is at bit rate of 10 Gbps leading to high data rate transmission of 640 Gbps.The resultant Bit Error Rate(BER) is in the range 10-12 for DWDM system which is given as input to MIMO-OFDM system..This system performance is analyzed in terms of BER with SNR for Rayleigh, and AWGN channels and BER of 10-4 is achieved at SNR of 10dbs
A mitigation of channel crosstalk effect in dispersion shifted fiber based on...IJECEIAES
In fiber optics the Four Wave Mixing (FWM) has the harmful effect of an optical transmission system that can severely limit Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and reduce the transmission aptness. This work preset the durability of the different modulation format was tested to FWM by using Dispersion Shifted Fiber (DSF). Moreover, the performance of the proposed system is surveyed by changing the fiber length and applying an information rate of 200 Gb/s. The experimental results show that the FWM capacity has decreased significantly by more than 14 dB when applying Return to Zero (RZ) modulation form. In addition, in terms of the propsed system performance in the first channel and with 700 km distance, it was observed that the lower Bit Error Rate (BER) in the normal RZ modulation is equal to 1.3×10 -13 . As well as it is noticeable when applied the Non Return to Zero (NRZ), the Modified Duobinary Return to Zero (MDRZ) and Gaussian modulation, the system performance will be quickly changed and getting worse, where the BERs increased to 1.3×10 consecutively at same channel and for the same parameters. -4 , 1.3×10 -6 and 1.3×10 -2
Performance analysis of dwdm based fiber optic communication with different m...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Available online at [www.ijeete.com]EFFECT OF DISPERSION AND FIBER LENGTH ON ...Ankur Bindal
This paper introduces the non linear optical effect known as four wave mixing (FWM). In wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems four wave mixing can strongly affect the transmission performance on an optical link. As a result it is important to investigate the impact of FWM on the design and performance of WDM optical communication systems. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the FWM power for different values of fiber length and dispersion by designing and simulating a model in Optisim. In this paper, we have simulated the FWM design for three waves. The results obtained show that when the optical fiber length and dispersion value is increased FWM effect reduces. This result confirms that the fiber nonlinearities play decisive role in the WDM.
Analysis of SRS Effects at Different Number of Channels and Power Levels and ...ijsrd.com
Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) effect is one of the Nonlinear effects in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed (DWDM) Fiber Optic Communication System. The effect of Stimulated Raman Scattering causes power to be transferred from the lower wavelength channel to the higher wavelength channel. This will reduce the Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) for the high frequency channel or low wavelength channel. SRS effect is studied for different input power and for different number of wavelengths. SRS effect could be reduced by setting optimum optical power in the fiber. Various channel (4,8,11) DWDM system for various power levels of individual channels is stimulated in the sample mode of OPTSIM software for getting the effects of SRS like Power Tilt in the optical spectrum, after the fiber.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
As we know Optical communication Network offers
very high potential bandwidth and flexibility. In terms of high
bit-rate transmission. However, their performance slows down
due to some parameter like dispersion, attenuation, scattering. In
long haul application, dispersion is the main parameter which
needs to be compensated in order to provide better service. Fiber
Braggs Grating (FBG) is one of the most widely used element to
compensate it, however its performance slows down with the
increase in distance.
This paper presents an investigation on Pulse distortions due to
the third-order dispersion (TOD) on very high speed long
distance single mode optical fiber communication system using
OptiSystem. Presence of the TOD introduces broadening on the
propagating pulse. The impact of TOD is observed at the
receiving end of transmission line considering the variation of
different factors such as transmission reach, bit rate, duty
cycle.BER performance are also considered here.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Enhancing the Data Transmission Capability on Optical Fiber Communication Lin...IOSRJECE
Explosive growth of broadband multimedia applications, such as high-definition television (HDTV), video on demand (VOD) and interactive games imposed a huge demand for bandwidth on the access network. The potential bandwidth of optical communication system is driving force behind the worldwide development and deployment of light wave system but dispersion limits the system performance in terms of high speed optical communication. In this paper different dispersion compensation methods are discussed, which are based on Chirped Fiber Grating (CFG), Dispersion Compensation Fibers (DCF), Self Phase Modulation (SPM ) resulting from Kerr nonlinearity to overcome pulse broadening effect of Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD), which eventually have direct implication on the data transmission capability on optical fiber communication link.
Reduction of Frequency offset Using Joint Clock for OFDM Based Cellular Syste...IJRST Journal
This project addresses the problem of clock synchronization between a base station (BS) and a mobile station (MS). A conventional technique for clock synchronization is that the MS clock is derived from the downlink signal originated from a base station. In cellular systems, a base station and mobile stations need to be synchronized before data exchange. Since the base station clock reference is more accurate, a mobile station typically derives its clock reference from the base station. But the carrier frequency offset due to Doppler shift may have harmful effects on the local clock derivation. This project proposes a joint clock and frequency synchronization technique between a base station and a mobile station, which is effective even with Doppler shift. We derive the joint estimation algorithm by analyzing the phase and the amplitude distortion caused by the sampling frequency offset and the carrier frequency offset. Simulation results showing the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm will also be presented.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Ber performance of ofdm with discrete wavelet transform for time dispersive c...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance analysis of dwdm based fiber optic communication with different m...eSAT Journals
Abstract Dense Wavelength Division multiplexing (DWDM) is a novel technology that can improve the channel capacity and meet growing demands for bandwidth of the optical fiber communication system. This technology utilizes a composite optical signal carrying multiple information streams. Each information streams transmitted on a distinct optical wavelength onto a single fiber. The performance of DWDM is degraded by non-linear optical effects. They are Cross phase modulation (XPM), Self phase modulation (SPM), four wave mixing (FWM), stimulated brillouin scattering (SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). In this paper we analyze the performance of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) based fiber optic communication system at different modulation schemes, various power level and different number of data channels. we use the dispersion compensation fiber along with single mode fiber (SMF) for length of 100km at 1550nm to reduce the dispersion of optical signal. The performance of improved detected signals has been evaluated by the analysis of Quality factor and bit error rate (BER). The simulation studies are carried out using optisystem software from optiwave. Keywords: DWDM, cross-phase modulation, self-phase modulation, four wave mixing, stimulated Raman scattering, dispersion compensation fiber, NRZ, RZ, EDFA.
Mitigation of non-linear four-wave mixing phenomenon in a fully optical commu...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper aims to point out the nonlinear phenomenon occurring in coarse/dense wavelength division multiplex (C/D-WDM) systems. This phenomenon has to betaken into account during the design of the optical network itself, as wavelengthsin the optical fiber are constantly densified. The paper points out the emergence of the non-linear four-wave mixing (FWM) phenomenonand how it relates to the dispersion in the optical fiber together with the transmit power. The output of the paper is a proposed design of the system that points to the improvement of the bit error rate (BER) with a suitable choice of dispersion and suitable transmission power.
Empirical analysis of polarization division multiplexing-dense wavelength di...IJECEIAES
This paper exemplifies dense wavelength division multiplexing combined with polarization division multiplexing with C-band frequency range-based single-mode fiber. In the proposed link, 32 independent channels with 16 individual wavelengths are multiplexed with two different angles of polarization. Each carrying 130 Gbps dual-polarization data with 200 GHz channel spacing claiming a net transmission rate of 4.16 Tbits/s with spectral efficiency of 69% with 20% side-mode-suppression-ratio (SMSR) and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) 40.7. The performance of the proposed techniques has been analyzed using optimized system parameters securing a minimum bit error rate (BER) 10-9 at a transmission distance up to 50 km.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Enhancing the Data Transmission Capability on Optical Fiber Communication Lin...IOSRJECE
Explosive growth of broadband multimedia applications, such as high-definition television (HDTV), video on demand (VOD) and interactive games imposed a huge demand for bandwidth on the access network. The potential bandwidth of optical communication system is driving force behind the worldwide development and deployment of light wave system but dispersion limits the system performance in terms of high speed optical communication. In this paper different dispersion compensation methods are discussed, which are based on Chirped Fiber Grating (CFG), Dispersion Compensation Fibers (DCF), Self Phase Modulation (SPM ) resulting from Kerr nonlinearity to overcome pulse broadening effect of Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD), which eventually have direct implication on the data transmission capability on optical fiber communication link.
Reduction of Frequency offset Using Joint Clock for OFDM Based Cellular Syste...IJRST Journal
This project addresses the problem of clock synchronization between a base station (BS) and a mobile station (MS). A conventional technique for clock synchronization is that the MS clock is derived from the downlink signal originated from a base station. In cellular systems, a base station and mobile stations need to be synchronized before data exchange. Since the base station clock reference is more accurate, a mobile station typically derives its clock reference from the base station. But the carrier frequency offset due to Doppler shift may have harmful effects on the local clock derivation. This project proposes a joint clock and frequency synchronization technique between a base station and a mobile station, which is effective even with Doppler shift. We derive the joint estimation algorithm by analyzing the phase and the amplitude distortion caused by the sampling frequency offset and the carrier frequency offset. Simulation results showing the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm will also be presented.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Ber performance of ofdm with discrete wavelet transform for time dispersive c...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance analysis of dwdm based fiber optic communication with different m...eSAT Journals
Abstract Dense Wavelength Division multiplexing (DWDM) is a novel technology that can improve the channel capacity and meet growing demands for bandwidth of the optical fiber communication system. This technology utilizes a composite optical signal carrying multiple information streams. Each information streams transmitted on a distinct optical wavelength onto a single fiber. The performance of DWDM is degraded by non-linear optical effects. They are Cross phase modulation (XPM), Self phase modulation (SPM), four wave mixing (FWM), stimulated brillouin scattering (SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). In this paper we analyze the performance of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) based fiber optic communication system at different modulation schemes, various power level and different number of data channels. we use the dispersion compensation fiber along with single mode fiber (SMF) for length of 100km at 1550nm to reduce the dispersion of optical signal. The performance of improved detected signals has been evaluated by the analysis of Quality factor and bit error rate (BER). The simulation studies are carried out using optisystem software from optiwave. Keywords: DWDM, cross-phase modulation, self-phase modulation, four wave mixing, stimulated Raman scattering, dispersion compensation fiber, NRZ, RZ, EDFA.
Mitigation of non-linear four-wave mixing phenomenon in a fully optical commu...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper aims to point out the nonlinear phenomenon occurring in coarse/dense wavelength division multiplex (C/D-WDM) systems. This phenomenon has to betaken into account during the design of the optical network itself, as wavelengthsin the optical fiber are constantly densified. The paper points out the emergence of the non-linear four-wave mixing (FWM) phenomenonand how it relates to the dispersion in the optical fiber together with the transmit power. The output of the paper is a proposed design of the system that points to the improvement of the bit error rate (BER) with a suitable choice of dispersion and suitable transmission power.
Empirical analysis of polarization division multiplexing-dense wavelength di...IJECEIAES
This paper exemplifies dense wavelength division multiplexing combined with polarization division multiplexing with C-band frequency range-based single-mode fiber. In the proposed link, 32 independent channels with 16 individual wavelengths are multiplexed with two different angles of polarization. Each carrying 130 Gbps dual-polarization data with 200 GHz channel spacing claiming a net transmission rate of 4.16 Tbits/s with spectral efficiency of 69% with 20% side-mode-suppression-ratio (SMSR) and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) 40.7. The performance of the proposed techniques has been analyzed using optimized system parameters securing a minimum bit error rate (BER) 10-9 at a transmission distance up to 50 km.
The Effect of PMD (Polarization Mode Dispersion) the Fibers of New and Old In...inventionjournals
This is a study conducted in a laboratory at the university as a simulation to see the effect of new fiber PMD for different distances. This is done to compare the performance of the digital system with optical fiber WDM. In this simulation are not included remission, chromatic dispersion and nonlinear effects. In this way all of the signal distortions caused only by different combinations of PDM. Polarization effects are very important in communications systems with optical fiber. Optical fiber that is used mainly during the simulation is a standard single mode fiber (SSMF).
techInvestigations with mode division multiplexed transmissionelelijjournal
This article presents proposed topology for mode division multiplexed link with SPDML and VCSEL, modulate electrical signal of 820nm wavelength. Transmission performance has been investigated for numerous modes, bit rates (2.5 to 10Gbps), transmission lengths of MMF (1 to 100km) and attenuation factor in conjunction with parabolic operational mode. Results illustrated successful performance up to nine modes in mode-division multiplexed transmission. Performance is improved at low data rates, illustrated higher OSNR with lower BER,-5dB attenuation factor. Though, at higher bit rate and longer
transmission length received OSNR is unsteady. It further inferred that transmission with large number of multiplexed modes result in degraded performance, augmented with minimization of mode coupling losses.Mode division multiplexed multimode optical communication can be a viable option for supplementary capacity augment in the preexisting and future fiber optic communication links.
COMPARISON OF BER AND NUMBER OF ERRORS WITH DIFFERENT MODULATION TECHNIQUES I...Sukhvinder Singh Malik
This paper provides analysis of BER and Number of Errors for MIMO-OFDM wireless communication system by using different modulation techniques. Wireless designers constantly seek to improve the spectrum efficiency/capacity, coverage of wireless networks, and link reliability. So the performances of the wireless communication systems can be enhanced by using multiple transmit and receive antennas, which is generally referred to as the MIMO technique. Here analysis will be carried out for an OFDM wireless communication system using different modulation techniques and considering the effect and the wireless channel like AWGN, fading. Performance results will be evaluated numerically and graphically using the plots of BER versus SNR and plots of number of errors versus SNR.
Single Mode Optical Fiber in Rof System Using DWDMIJERA Editor
Performance analysis was carried out to find the effect of crosstalk in a WDM system. Firstly, analysis of BER
was carried out without crosstalk. Then analysis of BER with crosstalk was done. Using equation for crosstalk,
number of channels was plotted using matlab. System parameters were optimized for a particular crosstalk.
Objective of the thesis work
Performance Analysis is carried out to find the effect of crosstalk due to optical cross connect in a DWDM
system considering a WDM based optical cross connect (OXC). An analysis is carried out to find the amount of
crosstalk due to OXC. The bit error rate performance degradation due to crosstalk is evaluated for OXC
parameter and number of wavelengths per fiber. The optimum parameters such as optimum number of channels
and hops are determined.
DUAL PORT COGNITIVE RADIO ANTENNA USING TUNABLE BAND PASS FILTERjmicro
In this paper a dual port microstrip antenna with tunable band pass filter is proposed for cognitive radio applications. In single port reconfigurable antennas for cognitive radio, sensing and communication is done simultaneously. This can lead to failure of real time communication, also it may induce interference to primary user, dual antenna system solves this problem. The proposed antenna consist of one UWB microstrip antenna for sensing the holes in spectrum and other is communication antenna. Communication antenna is made tunable by using varacter diode in ‘G’ shaped DMS(defected microstrip structure) filter integrated in feedline.The sensing antenna is having UWB bandwidth from 3.4 GHz to 13.2 GHz and efficiency of more than 80%. The narrowband antenna has dual and triple operating frequencies which is tunable in the range of 4-5 GHz, 6-10 GHz and 10-11 GHz according to the biasing of varacterdiode. This antenna as efficiency more than 70%.
Spatial optical transmitter based on on/off keying line coding modulation sch...nooriasukmaningtyas
This study has presented a spatial optical transmitter based on on off keying line coding modulation scheme for the optimum performance of telecommunication systems. The encircled flux versus fiber core radius, the 3D graph for fiber mode versus core radius, and the signal power level in dBm versus wavelength through coarse wavelength division multiplexing with a fiber length of 20 km are presented and discussed in detail. The total power measured in W and dBm as well as the signal power amplitude level obtained through the infinite impulse response (IIR) filter based on both Z domain and pole/zero coefficient filter types are illustrated clearly. Signal gain, noise figure, maximum Q factor, and received power are also clarified against bit rates for various modulation line coding schemes.
A Compact Dual Band Dielectric Resonator Antenna For Wireless ApplicationsIJCNCJournal
This paper presents the design of a dual band rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA)
coupled to narrow slot aperture that is fed by microstrip line. The fundamental TE111 mode and
higher-order TE113 mode are excited with their resonant frequencies respectively. These
frequencies can be controlled by changing the DRA dimensions. A dielectric resonator with high
permittivity is used to miniaturize the global structure. The proposed antenna is designed to have
dual band operation suitable for both DCS (1710 - 1880 MHz) and WLAN (2400 - 2484 MHz)
applications. The return loss, radiation pattern and gain of the proposed antenna are evaluated.
Reasonable agreement between simulation and experimental results is obtained.
About Quality of Optical Channels in Wavelength Division Multiplexing Systems...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Researches and the analysis of factors of the systems influencing quality with division according to radiation wavelength are given in article. Especially the communication quality in systems with wave division of channels is influenced by hindrances from Four Wave Mixing. In this regard the technique of definition of number of products of nonlinear effect of Four Wave Mixing getting to ranges of working channels, results of calculation of combinational products for the different number of channels in systems with division according to radiation wavelength is given. Power of a hindrance of Four Wave Mixing in systems with wave division of channels is calculated. Methods of reduction of influences of these nonlinear effects are considered. Conclusions and recommendations on ensuring quality of optical channels are provided in systems with wave division.
Design and Performance Study of MMDWDM Systemselelijjournal
The rising need for bandwidth created innumerable efforts from academic and industry group towards development of most efficient optical communication networks. In order to compete it numerous investigators have designed their own novel schemes. In this view the paper presents multiple modulation dense wavelength division multiplexed transmission designed links each with a total capacity of 640Gbps and with channel to channel to spacing of 100Ghz, employing multiple modulation schemes such as non return to zero rectangular, non return to zero raised cosine, return to zero rectangular, non return to zero raised cosine, return to zero soliton, return to zero Super Gaussian. The optical transmission performance characteristics like bit error rate, Q parameter at the output have been investigated by simulating different systems for a fixed transmission length of 260kilometers. Results show that transmission performance of DWDM system with non return to zero raised cosine scheme has been better with quality factor ranging from 16 to 23dB and bit error rate ranging from 10-11 to 10-40 for detected channels at selected transmission reach (260KM) and other schemes with good performance were RZ Super Guassian DWDM and RZ Soliton DWDM systems for the same transmission reach. The transmission parameter jitter have been also investigated for each system which depict that jitter effect is more severe for return to zero systems as compared to non return to zero DWDM systems. From the performance analysis for different optical links involving different modulation schemes it can be articulated that novel modulation scheme generally improves the transmission performance and must for modern optical communication systems operating at high bit rate and longer reach.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
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RZ based dispersion compensation technique in dwdm system for broadband spectrum
1. International Journal of Electrical and Computing Engineering
Vol. 1, Issue. 1, July – 2014 ISSN (Online): 2349-8218
1
RZ BASED DISPERSION COMPENSATION TECHNIQUE IN DWDM
SYSTEM FOR BROADBAND SPECTRUM
Prof. Muthumani1
, Mr. Ayyanar2
1
Professor and HOD, 2
UG Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
ALAGAPPA CHETTIAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Abstract:--In telecommunication, an optical
signal weakens from attenuation mechanisms
and broadens due to the dispersion effects as
it travels along a fiber. Eventually these two
factors will cause neighboring pulses to
overlap. After a certain level amount of
overlap occurs, the receiver can no longer
distinguish the individual adjacent pulses and
errors arise when interpreting the received
signal. The total dispersion can be set at
virtually any value as the contributions from
different components may have opposite
signs and hence they can partially, or
completely, cancel each other. Dispersion
compensating fibers can be either placed at
one location or distributed along the length of
the fiber link. Typically, dispersion
management must consider single mode fiber
chromatic and polarization mode dispersion
over a range of wavelength. We design the
dense WDM system for broadband spectrum
at central wavelengths in the region of 1550
nm. This method offers almost negligible
dispersion by using RZ pulse generator and
also reducing the jitter portion in the eye
diagram. This method also offers high value
of Q-factor and reduced BER in long haul
optical communication networks.
Keywords—Chromatic dispersion, PMD,
DCF, Q-factor, BER, threshold value, Dense
WDM.
I. Introduction
To use the available bandwidth in optical
communication systems different multiplexing
techniques are adopted, so that multiple users
can access and use the bandwidth efficiently.
The most common techniques are frequency
division multiplexing, time division
multiplexing, optical code division
multiplexing, wave length division multiplexing
and dense wavelength division multiplexing.
In FDM, users share the bandwidth
according to the frequencies allotted to them,
therefore, for a given bandwidth the number of
users to access the bandwidth and use for
communication are limited. TDM allows users
to share bandwidth according to the time slots
allotted to them. This is an efficient technique.
But the electronic devices required for
multiplexing and de-multiplexing channels
become bottleneck .
WDM allows the users to share bandwidth
according to the wave lengths assigned to them.
This technique has been used for long and is one
the most common techniques for optical
communication but it has low spectral efficiency
as it uses wide range of wavelengths. WDM
network offers everlasting demand for
bidirectional information transmission. The
systems are immune to interference and offers
very large Bandwidth, Flexibility and very high
2. International Journal of Electrical and Computing Engineering
Vol. 1, Issue. 1, July – 2014 ISSN (Online): 2349-8218
2
level of reliability. However some parameters
like attenuation, Dispersion, Coupling and
bending losses degrades its performance.
Attenuation can b reduced upto zero level by
processing the signal through power amplifiers
as well as coupling and bending losses can be
also be minimized by careful system design.
Usually the fiber dispersion includes
intermodal dispersion and polarization mode
dispersion. Dispersion is not a significant
problem. PMD is the main limitation that
confines the optical fiber transmission from
utilizing the bandwidth efficiency. An improved
methodology for dispersion compensation and
Dense WDM system for broadband spectrum
design is discussed in this work, which offers
much better performance compare with NRZ
pulse generator in long haul optical fiber
networks.
II.SIMULATION SETUP
The Simulation model of transmitter and
Receiver for optical fiber Communication is
implemented on “OPTISYSTEM-7.0” software
using 100 KM long Single mode fiber. Bit rate
2.5 Gaps. RZ pulse generator has maximum
amplitude of 1 auk and duty cycle 1 bit. Both
rise and fall time is 0.05 bit. A CW laser is
taken as an optical source having frequency
value of 193.1 THz with sweep power level 0
dBm. MZM have the Excitation ratio 30 dB and
symmetry factor -1. The loop control system has
2 loops. The PIN photo detector have the
Responsivity 1A/W and Dark current 10 and the
down sampling rate is 800 GHz for the central
frequency 193.4 THz considering thermal noise
2.048e-023 W/Hz. The Random seed index is
11 with the filter sample rate 5 GHz. A fourth
order low pass Bessel filter is connected at the
output having 100 dB depth and sweep value of
Cut frequency “0.7*Bit rate” Hz.
An EDFA is considered having Gain and
Noise figure of 20 dB, 4 dB respectively with
power and saturation power level of 10 dBm,
the noise BW is 13 THz and noise bin spacing is
125 GHz. For center frequency of 193.4 THz.
SMF have the reference wavelength of 1550 nm
with attenuation 0.25 dB/km, Dispersion 16
ps/nm/km and dispersion slope 0.08
ps/nm^2/km with β2=-20 ps^2/km and β3=0
ps^2/km. Differential group delay for PMD is
taken 3ps/km with the PMD coefficient of 0.5
ps/km. To find the dispersion of transmission by
using following formula.
Ldcf=|Dtx/Ddcf| * L
Ldcf for length of the dispersion
compensating fiber, Dtx for dispersion of single
mode fiber, Ddcf for dispersion of dispersion
compensating fiber, L for length of the single
mode fiber. A dispersion compensated fiber is
used before the SMF. The total length of fiber
channel is remains same, however it segmented
in the ration of 1:5 i.e. 17 km DCF and 83 km
SMF. The value of dispersion coefficient β2 for
DCF fiber, is calculated here in terms of
β1(dispersion coefficient for SMF) in such way
so that after certain distance the total chromatic
dispersion DT must be equal to zero.
The parameters for DCF are reference
wavelength 1550 nm attenuation 0.6 dB/km,
dispersion -80 ps/nm/km, dispersion slope -0.21
ps/nm^2/km, β2= -20 ps^2/km, Differential
group delay 3 ps/km, PMD coefficient 0.5
ps/km, mean scatter section 50 m, scattering
section dispersion 100, lower calculation limit
1200 nm, upper calculation limit 1700 nm,
effective area 30 um^2, n2= 3e-020 m^2/w,
Raman self-shift time 1 = 14.2 fes, Raman self-
shit time 2 = 3 fes,. Raman contribution 0.18
and orthogonal Raman factor 0.75.
3. International Journal of Electrical and Computing Engineering
Vol. 1, Issue. 1, July – 2014 ISSN (Online): 2349-8218
3
Figure 1: Simulation setup for 8-channel Dispersion Compensation Technique (DCF)
In this model we design dense wavelength
division multiplexing (DWDM) having channel
spacing 0.8nm and 8-channels. In this model
MUX and DEMUX have bandwidth 10GHZ,
depth 100dB and a second order Bessel filter. In
dense WDM system channel spacing should be
0.8nm and number of channel can be increased
up to any extent by using minimum channel
spacing.
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
a) Spectrum analysis
Broadband spectrum of an optical fiber
determines the data rate. The mechanism that
limits a fiber’s bandwidth is known as
dispersion. Optical spectrum analyzer(OSA)
can divide a light wave signal into its
constituent wavelength. This means that it is
possible to see the spectral profile of the signal
over a certain wavelength range. In this way,
the many signals combined on a single fiber in
a dense wavelength division
multiplexing(DWDM) system can be taken
apart to perform per-channel analysis of the
optical signal and its spectral interaction with
the other wavelength.
(a) Transmitted spectrum
4. International Journal of Electrical and Computing Engineering
Vol. 1, Issue. 1, July – 2014 ISSN (Online): 2349-8218
4
(b) Received spectrum
Figure 2.power vs wavelength
The transmitted and received spectrums
are shown in the fig.(2) for DCF system which
shown that spectrum does not decrease due to
other nonlinear effects thus, DCF method offers
better broad spectrum for wavelength routed
channel.
b) Eye diagram analysis
The use of eye diagram is a traditional
technique for quickly and intuitively assessing
the quality of a received signal and also a
common indicator of performance in digital
transmission system. Modern bit error rate
measurement instruments construct such eye
diagram by generating a pseudorandom pattern
of ones and zero’s at uniform rate but in a
random manner. When the pulses in this pattern
are superimposed simultaneously an eye pattern
is formed. The eye diagram is an oscilloscope
display of a digital signal, repetitively sampled
to get a good representation of its behavior.
Fig. (a) channel 1
Fig. (b) channel 2
Fig. (c) channel 3
5. International Journal of Electrical and Computing Engineering
Vol. 1, Issue. 1, July – 2014 ISSN (Online): 2349-8218
5
Fig. (d) channel 4
Fig. (e) channel 5
Fig. (f) channel 6
Fig. (g) channel 7
Fig. (h) channel 8
Fig. 3 Eye diagram analysis for eight channels
c) Graph analysis:
Fig. (a) Eye Amplitude
6. International Journal of Electrical and Computing Engineering
Vol. 1, Issue. 1, July – 2014 ISSN (Online): 2349-8218
6
Fig. (b) Eye extinction ratio
Fig. (c) Eye opening
Fig. (d) Min BER
Fig. (e) Q factor
Fig. (f) Threshold at Min. BER
Fig. 4 Graph analysis for 4th
channel
As seen from the figure 4 (a) to (f) graph
analysis for 4th
channel. The bit rate values are
2.5, 5 and 7 Gbits/sec. In 2.5 Gbits/sec best for
eye amplitude, eye opening, Min. BER,
extinction ratio and Q factor compare with 5 and
7 Gbits/sec in length of the fiber 200 km and
also best for RZ modulator compare with NRZ
modulator.
7. International Journal of Electrical and Computing Engineering
Vol. 1, Issue. 1, July – 2014 ISSN (Online): 2349-8218
7
IV. COMPARISION TABLE
parameters NRZ
modulator
RZ modulator
No. of channel 8 8
Q- factor Ch1 =8.27
Ch2 =8.45
Ch3 =8.66
Ch4 =8.47
Ch5 =8.36
Ch6 =7.78
Ch7 =7.52
Ch8 = 7.72
Ch1 =61.65
Ch2 =68.12
Ch3 =60.96
Ch4 =65.30
Ch5 =74.88
Ch6 =61.94
Ch7 =67.96
Ch8 =62.55
Min. BER Ch1 =4.12e-017
Ch2 =2.21e-017
Ch3 =2.24e-018
Ch4 =2.06e-017
Ch5 =2.90e-017
Ch6 =3.40e-015
Ch7 =2.71e-014
Ch8 =5.51e-015
Received power 23.532e-6w 182.2e-6w
V. CONCLUSION
In this work, an improved methodology
“The DCF Technique” for dispersion
compensation by using RZ pulse generator in
DWDM for broadband spectrum is discussed.
This method offers improved value of
performance parameters such as Q-factor,
Min.BERand received power value. During the
analysis of simulation result it is also observed
that BER pattern is much better than NRZ pulse
generator.
REFERENCE
[1] Alam S. M. Jahangir, Alam M. Rabiul, Hu Guoqing,
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International Journal of Machine Learning and
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[2] ManohariR.Gowri and Sabapathi T. (2011),
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Advancements in Electrical, Electronics and Control
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4577-2149-6, pp 438-448.
[3] Pelusi Mark D. (2013), “WDM Signal All-Optical
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[4] Guifang Li, Eduardo Mateo and Likai Zhu (2011),
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[5] Xin Chunsheng, Cao Xiaojun (2008), “An Agile
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[6] L.S. et al (2005), “Performance optimization of RZ
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[7] Yang Q. et al (2009), “Real-time coherent optical
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