These slides cover a topic on Wave Division Multiplexing in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
It consists of switches & their structures.
Space Division Switch, Time Division switch, Time Space Time Division switch, Cross Bar Switch, Multistage switch, Banyan switch, Batcher BAnyan Switch etc.
These slides cover a topic on Wave Division Multiplexing in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
It consists of switches & their structures.
Space Division Switch, Time Division switch, Time Space Time Division switch, Cross Bar Switch, Multistage switch, Banyan switch, Batcher BAnyan Switch etc.
These slides cover a topic on Introduction to switching & circuit switching in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
This slide discusses the topics of Data Communications and networking such as
1. Bit rate vs. Baud Rate
2. Serial vs. Parallel Transmission
3. Multiplexing Techniques
Applications of Time Division multiplexing : statistical TDMDr Rajiv Srivastava
These slides cover a topic on Applications of Time Division multiplexing and statistical TDM in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
Module 1 computer networks imtroduction,data link layerDeepak John
Computer Networks Notes- Networking Concepts: Classification of networks: LAN, MAN, WAN and the Internet. Protocols and protocol architecture. The OSI ref. Model, TCP/IP ref. model, its origin, the Internet layer, the TCP layer, the application layer Comparison of the OSI and TCP/IP ref. models. A critiques of the OSI model and protocols, A critique of the TCP/IP ref. model, Novel Netware.
Data Link Layer: Need for data link control, Frame synchronization - flag fields, bit stuffing, flow control - stop and wait , sliding window protocol, error detection – parity check, CRC, Error control - Stop and wait ARQ, Go back-N ARQ, HDLC protocol, other data link protocols - LAPB, LAPD.
These slides cover a topic on Introduction to switching & circuit switching in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
This slide discusses the topics of Data Communications and networking such as
1. Bit rate vs. Baud Rate
2. Serial vs. Parallel Transmission
3. Multiplexing Techniques
Applications of Time Division multiplexing : statistical TDMDr Rajiv Srivastava
These slides cover a topic on Applications of Time Division multiplexing and statistical TDM in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
Module 1 computer networks imtroduction,data link layerDeepak John
Computer Networks Notes- Networking Concepts: Classification of networks: LAN, MAN, WAN and the Internet. Protocols and protocol architecture. The OSI ref. Model, TCP/IP ref. model, its origin, the Internet layer, the TCP layer, the application layer Comparison of the OSI and TCP/IP ref. models. A critiques of the OSI model and protocols, A critique of the TCP/IP ref. model, Novel Netware.
Data Link Layer: Need for data link control, Frame synchronization - flag fields, bit stuffing, flow control - stop and wait , sliding window protocol, error detection – parity check, CRC, Error control - Stop and wait ARQ, Go back-N ARQ, HDLC protocol, other data link protocols - LAPB, LAPD.
CND_22634_UNIT1_MSBTE_Computer network and Data CommunicationPranoti Doke
1.1 Data communication and its
characteristics
1.2 Components of data communication Transmitter, Receiver, Medium, Message, Protocol. Standards, Standard organizations. Basic block diagram of data communication system
1.3 Data Transmission: Serial, Parallel Synchronous, Asynchronous, Isochronous transmission
1.4 Transmission characteristics: Signaling rate, data rate, bit rate, baud rate
1.5 feed of computer networks, Network criteria, advantages of networking
1.6 Network topologies: Mesh, Star, Bus, Tree, Ring and Hybrid topologies - Schematic diagram, working, ad viint‹i disadvantages and applications
1.7 Network Classification:
Based on Transmission Technology
Point to-point, Multipoint, Broadcast
Based on physical size(scale):
PAN, BAN, LAN, MAN, WAN,VPN
based on Architecture: Peer to Peer, client Server, off a esC ent Se er over Peer-to-Peer Model.
In this slide, you will know about the basic of data communication
* What is Data Communication?
* Types and characteristics of Data Communication
* Components of Data Communication
* Computer Networks
* Transmission medium
* Fiber optic cable (advantage and disadvantage)
This PPT consist of current trends of information technology which is prepared by Dr. Rajiv Shrivastava. Dr. Rajiv Shrivastava is a director in SIRT, Bhopal. SIRT Bhopal is one of the top 10 engineering colleges in india.
SIRT Bhopal, among top placement engineering colleges in MP has taken all responsibilities of campus placements / recruitments of all students. Be it a scenario of top placement in computer engineering but we provide top engineering placements for all other branches including Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Electronics Engg, Electrical Engg, Civil Engineering, MBA, MCA & Diploma Engineering Programs. The Sagar Group of Institutions has always proved itself as top.
Tips for Group Discussion given by Dr Rajiv Srivastava who is a Director in SIRT, Bhopal. SIRT, Bhopal is a Top Placement College in Bhopal (M.P.). It is a Best Placement College in Central India.
https://www.sirtbhopal.ac.in/
This ppt contains basic commands of UNIX operating system. This ppt is prepared by Dr. Rajiv Srivastava who is a director of SIRT, Bhopal which is a Best Engineering College in Central. India
Sagar Group of Institutions one of the Top Engineering Colleges in Bhopal. Which is providing Top Placements to students? To know more about Best Engineering College in Bhopal
Visit: - www.sirtbhopal.ac.in
These slides cover a topic on X.25, Frame relay and ATM in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
These slides cover a topic on B ISDN in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
These slides cover a topic on ISDN(integrated services digital network) part 2 in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
These slides cover a topic on ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
These slides cover a topic on Virtual circuit & message switching in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking
These slides cover a topic on Multiplexing in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
These slides cover a topic on Terminal handling & polling in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
These slides cover a topic on Spread spectrum in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
Data Communication & Computer network: Shanon fano codingDr Rajiv Srivastava
These slides cover the fundamentals of data communication & networking. it covers Shanon fano coding which are used in communication of data over transmission medium. it is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
Data Communication & Computer Networks : LZW compression methodDr Rajiv Srivastava
These slides cover the fundamentals of data communication & networking. it covers LZW compression method which are used in communication of data over transmission medium. it is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
These slides cover the fundamentals of data communication & networking. it covers LZ algorithms which are used in communication of data over transmission medium. it is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
Data communication & computer networking: Huffman algorithmDr Rajiv Srivastava
These slides cover the fundamentals of data communication & networking. it covers Huffman algorithm. it is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
These slides cover the fundamentals of data communication & networking. it covers Data compression which compression data for transmitted over communication channel. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Introduction to Data Communication
1. Introduction to Data communication
1
Dr Rajiv Srivastava
Director
Sagar Group of institutions (SIRT Group
Bhopal)
2. • Data Communication: Introduction
• Components
• Data representation
• Data flow and basic model
• Serial & Parallel transmission
• Modes of data transmission
• Encoding: Unipolar, Polar, Bipolar
• Line & Block codes
• Data compression
• Lossy & Lossless techniques
• Review of analog & digital
• Transmission methods.
2
Syllabus of Unit 1
3. A Foreword
• What is Data?
• What is Communication?
• What is Data Communication?
• What is the need of Data Communication?
5. Data
• Data is defined as the entities that convey
meaning or information. The data is
represented in electric or electromagnetic
Signals.
• Data can be two types :
1. Analog data
2. Digital data
6. Analog data :
• Analog data is the type of data that varies
continuously (smoothly) with respect to time.
Voice and Video are the best examples of
analog data. The other examples are
temperature, pressure etc.
Digital data :
• Digital data is the type of data that can take on
discrete(clearly fixed) values. The examples of
digital data are text and integers.
7. • The aim of data communication and networking is
to facilitate the exchange of data such as audio,
text, video between any points in the world
• The word Data refers to the information which is
presented in a form that is agreed by the users and
creators of data.
• Data communication is the exchange of data
between two devices via some form of transmission
medium, e.g. Computer to Computer, Computer to
printer, sending email, browsing internet sites such
as Facebook, Instagram, twitter & LinkedIn etc.
What is data communication?
7
8. It has the following five components
1. Message
2. Sender
3. Medium
4. Receiver
5. Protocol
Components of Data communication?
8
10. 1 Message
• Message is nothing but information or data
which is to be sent from one point to the other
• A message can be in the form of sound, text,
number, picture, video or combination of them.
2 Sender
• Sender is the device which sends the message.
3 Medium
• It is the physical path over which the message
travels from the sender to the receiver, it can be
wired or wireless.
10
11. 4 Receiver
It is the device which receives the message.
5 Protocol
• Protocol is defined as the set of rules which
govern data communication.
• The connection of two devices takes place via
the communication medium, but the actual
communication between them will take place
with the help of protocol.
12. The fundamental characteristics of a Data
communication system are:
1. Delivery
2. Accuracy
3. Timeliness
1. Delivery
The data should be delivered to the correct
destination. It should reach only to the intended
user and not to any other.
Fundamentals characteristics of Data communication?
12
13. 2. Accuracy
• There is a possibility of data alternation or corruption
when it is travelling over a communication medium.
This will affect the accuracy of the received data.
• The data communication system should be such that
it should deliver data accurately.
3. Timelines
• For the audio and video data, the system should
deliver the data in a timely manner i.e. deliver as it is
produced without any time delay.
• Such a data delivery is called as real-time
transmission of data.
13
14. • The medium through which communication is made is
called as communication medium or communication
channel.
• It uses electronic or electromagnetic signals from one place
to other.
• The communication medium can be conducting wires,
cables, optical fiber or free space atmosphere.
• There are two types communication medium:
1. Wired communication or line communication.
2. Wireless communication or radio communication
Definition of communication channel
14
16. Description of model of data communication
• Suppose that the input device and transmitter are
the components of a personal computer. The user of
this PC wants to send a message to another m PC.
• Then the message m will be in the form of a digital
bit stream and labeled as input data as shown in
figure.
• The sender PC is connected to some transmission
medium such as a local network or a telephone line,
by an input/output device such as a local network
transceiver or a modem.
17. • The input data are transferred to an transmitter as a
sequence of voltage shifts that represent bits on a
transmission cable or communication bus.
• The transmitter is connected directly to the medium
and converts the incoming digital bit stream into an
analog single suitable for transmission over the
communication cable.
• The analog transmitter signals travels on the
transmission medium and is subjected to a number
of impairments, before reaching the receiver.
• Due to this impairments, the receiver signal may be
different from the transmitted signal.
17
18. • The receiver tries to estimate the original
signal based on the distorted received signal,
and the knowledge of transmission medium.
• A sequence of digital bits is produced at the
output of the receiver.
• These bits are then sent to the destination
which is another PC. The signal m represent
the output information which is represented to
the user and can be seen on the computer
screen or printed using a printer.
18