The document is an introduction to the Hadoop ecosystem presented at an event in Sankt Augustin. It covers topics such as the importance of big data, the Hadoop framework, its architecture, and various components like HDFS, MapReduce, Apache Pig, and Apache Hive. The document also discusses the evolution of Hadoop 2.0 and its resource management capabilities with YARN.

1. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013
Introduction to the
Hadoop Ecosystem
uweseiler

2. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 About me
Big Data Nerd
TravelpiratePhotography Enthusiast
Hadoop Trainer MongoDB Author

3. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 About us
is a bunch of…
Big Data Nerds Agile Ninjas Continuous Delivery Gurus
Enterprise Java Specialists Performance Geeks
Join us!

4. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Agenda
• What is Big Data & Hadoop?
• Core Hadoop
• The Hadoop Ecosystem
• Use Cases
• What‘s next? Hadoop 2.0!

5. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Why Big Data?
The volume of datasets is
constantly growing…

6. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Volume
2008
200 PB a
day
2009
2,5 PB
user data
15 TB a
day
2009
6,5 PB
User Data
50 TB
a day
2011
~200 PB
Data

7. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Why Big Data?
The velocity of data generation is
getting faster and faster…

8. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Velocity

9. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Why Big Data?
The variety of data is increasing…

10. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Variety
Structur
ed data
Semi-
structur
ed data Unstruct
ured data

11. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 The 3 V’s of Big Data
VarietyVolume Velocity

12. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 My favorite definition

13. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Why Hadoop?
TraditionaldataStoresare expensive to scale
and by Design difficult to Distribute
Scale out is the way to go!

14. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 How to scale data?
“Data“
r r
“Result“
w w
worker workerworker
w
r

15. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 But…
Parallel processing is
complicated!

16. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 But…
Data storage is not
trivial!

17. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 What is Hadoop?
Distributed Storage and
Computation Framework

18. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 What is Hadoop?
«Big Data» != Hadoop

19. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 What is Hadoop?
Hadoop != Database

20. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 What is Hadoop?

21. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 What is Hadoop?
“Swiss army knife
of the 21st century”
http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/mar/25/media-guardian-innovation-awards-apache-hadoop

22. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 The Hadoop App Store
HDFS MapRed HCat Pig Hive HBase Ambari Avro Cassandra
Chukwa
Intel
Sync
Flume Hana HyperT Impala Mahout Nutch Oozie Scoop
Scribe Tez Vertica Whirr ZooKee Horton Cloudera MapR EMC
IBM Talend TeraData Pivotal Informat Microsoft. Pentaho Jasper
Kognitio Tableau Splunk Platfora Rack Karma Actuate MicStrat

23. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013
Functionalityless more
Apache
Hadoop
Hadoop
Distributions
Big Data
Suites
• HDFS
• MapReduce
• Hadoop Ecosystem
• Hadoop YARN
• Test & Packaging
• Installation
• Monitoring
• Business Support
+
• Integrated Environment
• Visualization
• (Near-)Realtime analysis
• Modeling
• ETL & Connectors
+
The Hadoop App Store

24. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 The essentials …
Core Hadoop

25. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Data Storage
OK, first things
first!
I want to store all of
my <<Big Data>>

26. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Data Storage

27. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Hadoop Distributed File System
• Distributed file system for
redundant storage
• Designed to reliably store data
on commodity hardware
• Built to expect hardware
failures

28. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Hadoop Distributed File System
Intended for
• large files
• batch inserts

29. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 HDFS Architecture
NameNode
Master
Block Map
Slave Slave Slave
Rack 1 Rack 2
Journal Log
DataNode DataNode DataNode
File
Client
Secondary
NameNode
Helper
periodical merges
#1 #2
#1 #1 #1

30. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Data Processing
Data stored, check!
Now I want to
create insights
from my data!

31. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Data Processing

32. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 MapReduce
• Programming model for
distributed computations at a
massive scale
• Execution framework for
organizing and performing such
computations
• Data locality is king

33. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Typical large-data problem
• Iterate over a large number of records
• Extract something of interest from each
• Shuffle and sort intermediate results
• Aggregate intermediate results
• Generate final output
MapReduce

34. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 MapReduce Flow
Combine Combine Combine Combine
a b 2 c 9 a 3 c 2 b 7 c 8
Partition Partition Partition Partition
Shuffle and Sort
Map Map Map Map
a b 2 c 3 c 6 a 3 c 2 b 7 c 8
a 1 3 b 7 c 2 8 9
Reduce Reduce Reduce
a 4 b 9 c 19

35. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Combined Hadoop Architecture
Client
NameNode
Master
Slave
TaskTracker
Secondary
NameNode
Helper
JobTracker
DataNode
File
Job
Block
Task
Slave
TaskTracker
DataNode
Block
Task
Slave
TaskTracker
DataNode
Block
Task

36. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Word Count Mapper in Java
public class WordCountMapper extends MapReduceBase implements
Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable>
{
private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
private Text word = new Text();
public void map(LongWritable key, Text value, OutputCollector<Text,
IntWritable> output, Reporter reporter) throws IOException
{
String line = value.toString();
StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(line);
while (tokenizer.hasMoreTokens())
{
word.set(tokenizer.nextToken());
output.collect(word, one);
}
}
}

37. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Word Count Reducer in Java
public class WordCountReducer extends MapReduceBase
implements Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable>
{
public void reduce(Text key, Iterator values, OutputCollector
output, Reporter reporter) throws IOException
{
int sum = 0;
while (values.hasNext())
{
IntWritable value = (IntWritable) values.next();
sum += value.get();
}
output.collect(key, new IntWritable(sum));
}
}

38. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Scripting for Hadoop
Java for MapReduce?
I dunno, dude…
I’m more of a
scripting guy…

39. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Scripting for Hadoop

40. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Apache Pig
• High-level data flow language
• Made of two components:
• Data processing language Pig Latin
• Compiler to translate Pig Latin to
MapReduce

41. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Pig in the Hadoop ecosystem
HDFS
Hadoop Distributed File System
MapReduce
Distributed Programming Framework
HCatalog
Metadata Management
Pig
Scripting

42. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Pig Latin
users = LOAD 'users.txt' USING PigStorage(',') AS (name,
age);
pages = LOAD 'pages.txt' USING PigStorage(',') AS (user,
url);
filteredUsers = FILTER users BY age >= 18 and age <=50;
joinResult = JOIN filteredUsers BY name, pages by user;
grouped = GROUP joinResult BY url;
summed = FOREACH grouped GENERATE group,
COUNT(joinResult) as clicks;
sorted = ORDER summed BY clicks desc;
top10 = LIMIT sorted 10;
STORE top10 INTO 'top10sites';

43. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Pig Execution Plan

44. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Try that with Java…

45. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 SQL for Hadoop
OK, Pig seems quite
useful…
But I’m more of a
SQL person…

46. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 SQL for Hadoop

47. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Apache Hive
• Data Warehousing Layer on top of
Hadoop
• Allows analysis and queries
using a SQL-like language

48. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Hive in the Hadoop ecosystem
HDFS
Hadoop Distributed File System
MapReduce
Distributed Programming Framework
HCatalog
Metadata Management
Pig
Scripting
Hive
Query

49. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Hive Architecture
Hive
Hive
Engine
HDFS
MapReduce
Meta-
store
Thrift
Applications
JDBC
Applications
ODBC
Applications
Hive Thrift
Driver
Hive JDBC
Driver
Hive ODBC
Driver
Hive
Server
Hive
Shell

50. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Hive Example
CREATE TABLE users(name STRING, age INT);
CREATE TABLE pages(user STRING, url STRING);
LOAD DATA INPATH '/user/sandbox/users.txt' INTO
TABLE 'users';
LOAD DATA INPATH '/user/sandbox/pages.txt' INTO
TABLE 'pages';
SELECT pages.url, count(*) AS clicks FROM users JOIN
pages ON (users.name = pages.user)
WHERE users.age >= 18 AND users.age <= 50
GROUP BY pages.url
SORT BY clicks DESC
LIMIT 10;

51. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 But there’s still more…
More components of the
Hadoop Ecosystem

52. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013
HDFS
Data storage
MapReduce
Data processing
HCatalog
Metadata Management
Pig
Scripting
Hive
SQL-like queries
HBase
NoSQLDatabase
Mahout
Machine Learning
ZooKeeper
ClusterCoordination
Scoop
Import & Export of
relational data
Ambari
Clusterinstallation&management
Oozie
Workflowautomatization
Flume
Import & Export of
data flows

53. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Bringing it all together…
Use Cases

54. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013DataSourcesDataSystemsApplications
Traditional Sources
RDBMS OLTP OLAP …
Traditional Systems
RDBMS EDW MPP …
Business
Intelligence
Business
Applications
Custom
Applications
Operation
Manage
&
Monitor
Dev Tools
Build
&
Test
Classical enterprise platform

55. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013DataSourcesDataSystemsApplications
Traditional Sources
RDBMS OLTP OLAP …
Traditional Systems
RDBMS EDW MPP …
Business
Intelligence
Business
Applications
Custom
Applications
Operation
Manage
&
Monitor
Dev Tools
Build
&
Test
New Sources
Logs Mails Sensor …Social
Media
Enterprise
Hadoop
Plattform
Big Data Platform

56. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013
DataSourcesDataSystemsApplications
Traditional Sources
RDBMS OLTP OLAP …
Traditional Systems
RDBMS EDW MPP …
Business
Intelligence
Business
Applications
Custom
Applications
New Sources
Logs Mails Sensor …Social
Media
Enterprise
Hadoop
Plattform
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Capture
all data
Process
the data
Exchange
using
traditional
systems
Process &
Visualize
with
traditional
applications
Pattern #1: Refine data

57. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013
DataSourcesDataSystemsApplications
Traditional Sources
RDBMS OLTP OLAP …
Traditional Systems
RDBMS EDW MPP …
Business
Intelligence
Business
Applications
Custom
Applications
New Sources
Logs Mails Sensor …Social
Media
Enterprise
Hadoop
Plattform
1
2
3
1
2
3
Capture
all data
Process
the data
Explore the
data using
applications
with support
for Hadoop
Pattern #2: Explore data

58. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013
DataSourcesDataSystemsApplications
Traditional Sources
RDBMS OLTP OLAP …
Traditional Systems
RDBMS EDW MPP …
Business
Applications
Custom
Applications
New Sources
Logs Mails Sensor …Social
Media
Enterprise
Hadoop
Plattform
1
3 1
2
3
Capture
all data
Process
the data
Directly
ingest the
data
Pattern #3: Enrich data
2

59. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Bringing it all together…
One example…

60. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Digital Advertising
• 6 billion ad deliveries per day
• Reports (and bills) for the
advertising companies needed
• Own C++ solution did not scale
• Adding functions was a nightmare

61. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013
Campaign
Database
FFM AMS
TCP
Interface
TCP
Interface
Custom
Flume
Source
Custom
Flume
Source
Flume HDFS Sink
Local files
Campaign
Data
Hadoop Cluster
Binary
Log Format
Synchronisation
Pig Hive
Temporäre
Daten
NAS
Aggregated
data
Report
Engine
Direct
Download
Job
Scheduler
Config UI Job Config
XML
Start
AdServer
AdServer
AdServing Architecture

62. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 What’s next?
Hadoop 2.0
aka YARN

63. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013
HDFS
Hadoop 1.0
Built for web-scale batch apps
HDFS HDFS
Single App
Batch
Single App
Batch
Single App
Batch
Single App
Batch
Single App
Batch

64. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 MapReduce is good for…
• Embarrassingly parallel algorithms
• Summing, grouping, filtering, joining
• Off-line batch jobs on massive data
sets
• Analyzing an entire large dataset

65. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 MapReduce is OK for…
• Iterative jobs (i.e., graph algorithms)
• Each iteration must read/write data to
disk
• I/O and latency cost of an iteration is
high

66. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 MapReduce is not good for…
• Jobs that need shared state/coordination
• Tasks are shared-nothing
• Shared-state requires scalable state store
• Low-latency jobs
• Jobs on small datasets
• Finding individual records

67. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 MapReduce limitations
• Scalability
– Maximum cluster size ~ 4,500 nodes
– Maximum concurrent tasks – 40,000
– Coarse synchronization in JobTracker
• Availability
– Failure kills all queued and running jobs
• Hard partition of resources into map & reduce slots
– Low resource utilization
• Lacks support for alternate paradigms and services
– Iterative applications implemented using MapReduce are 10x
slower

68. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013
Hadoop 1.0
HDFS
Redundant, reliable
storage
Hadoop 2.0: Next-gen platform
MapReduce
Cluster resource mgmt
+ data processing
Hadoop 2.0
HDFS 2.0
Redundant, reliable storage
MapReduce
Data processing
Single use system
Batch Apps
Multi-purpose platform
Batch, Interactive, Streaming, …
YARN
Cluster resource management
Others
Data processing

69. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 YARN: Taking Hadoop beyond batch
Applications run natively in Hadoop
HDFS 2.0
Redundant, reliable storage
Batch
MapReduce
Store all data in one place
Interact with data in multiple ways
YARN
Cluster resource management
Interactive
Tez
Online
HOYA
Streaming
Storm, …
Graph
Giraph
In-Memory
Spark
Other
Search,
…

70. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 A brief history of YARN
• Originally conceived & architected by the
team at Yahoo!
– Arun Murthy created the original JIRA in 2008 and now is
the YARN release manager
• The team at Hortonworks has been working
on YARN for 4 years:
– 90% of code from Hortonworks & Yahoo!
• YARN based architecture running at scale at Yahoo!
– Deployed on 35,000 nodes for 6+ months
• Going GA at the end of 2013?

71. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 YARN concepts
• Application
– Application is a job submitted to the framework
– Example: Map Reduce job
• Container
– Basic unit of allocation
– Fine-grained resource allocation across multiple
resources (memory, CPU, disk, network, GPU, …)
• container_0 = 2GB, 1CPU
• container_1 = 1GB, 6 CPU
– Replaces the fixed map/reduce slots

72. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 YARN architecture
Split up the two major functions of the JobTracker
Cluster resource management & Application life-cycle management
ResourceManager
NodeManager NodeManager NodeManager NodeManager
NodeManager NodeManager NodeManager NodeManager
Scheduler
AM 1
Container 1.2
Container 1.1
AM 2
Container 2.1
Container 2.2
Container 2.3

73. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 YARN architecture
• Resource Manager
– Global resource scheduler
– Hierarchical queues
• Node Manager
– Per-machine agent
– Manages the life-cycle of container
– Container resource monitoring
• Application Master
– Per-application
– Manages application scheduling and task execution
– e.g. MapReduce Application Master

74. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 YARN architecture
ResourceManager
NodeManager NodeManager NodeManager NodeManager
NodeManager NodeManager NodeManager NodeManager
Scheduler
MapReduce 1
map 1.2
map 1.1
MapReduce 2
map 2.1
map 2.2
reduce 2.1
NodeManager NodeManager NodeManager NodeManager
reduce 1.1 Tez map 2.3
reduce 2.2
vertex 1
vertex 2
vertex 3
vertex 4
HOYA
HBase Master
Region server 1
Region server 2
Region server 3 Storm
nimbus 1
nimbus 2

75. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 YARN summary
1. Scale
2. New programming models &
Services
3. Improved cluster utilization
4. Agility
5. Beyond Java

76. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Getting started…
One more thing…

77. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 User Groups
HUG Rhein-Ruhr (Düsseldorf)
– https://www.xing.com/net/hugrheinruhr/
HUG Rhein-Main (Frankfurt)
– https://www.xing.com/net/hugrheinmain/
– http://www.meetup.com/HUG-Rhein-Main/
Big Data Beers (Berlin)
– http://www.meetup.com/Big-Data-Beers/
HUG München
– http://www.meetup.com/Hadoop-User-Group-Munich/
HUG Karlsruhe/Stuttgart
– http://www.meetup.com/Hadoop-and-Big-Data-User-Group-in-Karlsruhe-Stuttgart/

78. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Books about Hadoop
Hadoop, The Definite Guide; Tom White;
3rd ed.; O’Reilly; 2012.
Hadoop in Action; Chuck Lam;
Manning; 2011.
Programming Pig; Alan Gates;
O’Reilly; 2011.
Hadoop Operations; Eric Sammer;
O’Reilly; 2012.

79. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Hortonworks Sandbox
http://hortonworks.com/products/hortonworsk-sandbox

80. Sankt Augustin
24-25.08.2013 Hadoop Training
• Programming with Hadoop
• 4-day class
• 16.09. – 19.09.2013, München
• 28.10. – 31.10.2013, Frankfurt
• 02.12. – 05.12.2013, Düsseldorf
• Administration of Hadoop
• 3-day class
• 23. – 25.09.2013, München
• 04. – 06.11.2013, Frankfurt
• 09. – 11.12.2013, Düsseldorf
http://www.codecentric.de/portfolio/schulungen-und-workshops