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1. CENTER OF DEVLOPMENT FOR ADVANCE COMPUTING, MOHALI
Introduction
to
Quantum Computing: Superposition & Entanglement
Submitted to:
Dr. Manjit Kaur
Scientist-E,
Quantum Technology,
CDAC , Mohali
Submitted by:
Mohit Kumar

2. Introduction
Quantum computing is a new form of computation that leverages quantum
mechanics principles like superposition and entanglement to solve complex
problems much faster than traditional computers, using quantum bits (qubits)
that can be both 0 and 1 simultaneously.
 Superposition
 Entanglement
 Interference
Ex:

3. Difference Between Classical And Quantum Computing

4. Dirac Notation
Dirac Notation (Bra-Ket Notation) is a standard notation in quantum mechanics introduced by Paul Dirac to
represent quantum states concisely.

5. Superposition
Superposition is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics where a quantum bit (qubit) can exist in
multiple states simultaneously until measured.
A qubit state |ψ⟩ is expressed as a linear combination of the classical states |0⟩ and |1⟩:
where:
 α and β are complex probability amplitudes.
 |α|² and |β|² represent the probabilities of measuring the qubit in |0⟩ or |1⟩.
 The condition |α|² + |β|² = 1 ensures a valid quantum state.
A classical bit can only be 0 or 1.
A qubit in superposition can be both 0 and 1 at the same time,
enabling parallel computation.

6. Entanglement
Entanglement is a fundamental concept of quantum mechanics that describes a non-classical correlation, or
shared quantum state, between two or more quantum systems (or quantum particles) even if they are
separated by a large distance.

7. Interference
Quantum interference arises from the wave-like nature of quantum particles, enabling constructive and
destructive interference. It’s used in quantum computing for phase estimation, error correction, and amplifying
desired computational outcomes through controlled quantum gates.

8. Qubit Representation
Bloch Sphere: A qubit can be represented geometrically on the Bloch Sphere

9. Bloch Sphere