This document provides an introduction to quantum computing. It defines quantum technology and quantum computing, explaining that quantum computers make use of quantum phenomena like superposition and entanglement. It describes how quantum computers differ from classical computers in their ability to be in multiple states at once using qubits. Examples are given of existing quantum computers from IBM and Google. The document concludes by offering recommendations for how to learn quantum computing, including online courses and accessing IBM's quantum computer.

1. INTRODUCTION TO
QUANTUM
COMPUTING
By: Iqra Naz &
Syed Muhammad Mooazam

2. Webinar in collaboration with

3. Agenda
What is Quantum Technology?
What is Quantum Computing?
What makes a Quantum Computer different
from a conventional computer?
Do Quantum Computers really exists?
How can you learn Quantum Computing?
Q & A

4. Quantum Technology
Quantum technology is an emerging field of physics and engineering, which relies
on the principles of quantum physics.
It is a technology that works by using the principles of quantum mechanics (the
physics of sub-atomic particles), including quantum entanglement
and quantum superposition.
Quantum technology is based on the ability to precisely control
individual quantum systems in order to make use of the phenomena described
above.

6. Quantum Computing
Quantum computing is the use of quantum phenomena such as superposition and
entanglement to perform computation. Computers that
perform quantum computations are known as quantum computers.
Quantum computing began in the early 1980s, when physicist Paul
Benioff proposed a quantum mechanical model of the Turing machine.
There are several models of quantum computing, including the quantum circuit
model, quantum Turing machine, adiabatic quantum computer, one-way quantum
computer, and various quantum cellular automata. The most widely used model is
the quantum circuit.

7. Quantum Computers
◦ A quantum computer is any device for computation that makes direct use of
distinctively quantum mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and
entanglement, to perform operations on data.
◦ Computers that perform quantum computations are known as quantum
computers.
◦ Quantum computer employs quantum bits, or qubits, that can be both 0 and 1 at
the same time.
◦ Quantum computers are believed to be able to solve certain computational
problems, such as integer factorization (which underlies RSA encryption),
substantially faster than classical computers.

9. Qubits
◦ Quantum computers aren't limited to two states; they encode information as
quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in superposition.
◦ In quantum computing, a qubit or quantum bit is the basic unit of quantum
information.
◦ In a classical system, a bit would have to be in one state or the other. However,
quantum mechanics allows the qubit to be in a coherent superposition of both
states simultaneously, a property which is fundamental to quantum
mechanics and quantum computing.

11. What makes a Quantum Computer
different from a conventional computer?
Quantum computers can solve problems that are impossible or would take a
traditional computer an impractical amount of time (a billion years) to solve.
Virtually unbreakable encryption? Quantum computers will change the
landscape of data security. Even though quantum computers would be able
to crack many of today’s encryption techniques, predictions are that they would
create hack-proof replacements.
Classical computers are better at some tasks than quantum computers (email,
spreadsheets and desktop publishing to name a few). The intent of quantum
computers is to be a different tool to solve different problems, not to replace
classical computers.

12. What makes a Quantum Computer different
from a conventional computer?
Quantum computers are great for solving optimization problems from figuring
out the best way to schedule flights at an airport to determining the best
delivery routes for the FedEx truck.
Google announced it has a quantum computer that is 100 million times faster
than any classical computer in its lab.
Every day, we produce 2.5 exabytes of data. That number is equivalent to the
content on 5 million laptops. Quantum computers will make it possible to
process the amount of data we’re generating in the age of big data.
According to Professor Catherine McGeoch at Amherst University, a quantum
computer is “thousands of times” faster than a conventional computer.

13. What makes a Quantum Computer
different from a conventional computer?
Superposition is the term used to describe the quantum state where particles
can exist in multiple states at the same time, and which allows quantum
computers to look at many different variables at the same time.
Rather than use more electricity, quantum computers will reduce power
consumption anywhere from 100 up to 1000 times because quantum computers
use quantum tunneling.
There are several algorithms already developed for quantum computers
including Grover’s for searching an unstructured database and Shor’s for
factoring large numbers.

14. What makes a Quantum Computer
different from a conventional computer?
Once a stable quantum computer gets developed, expect that machine
learning will exponentially accelerate even reducing the time to solve a
problem from hundreds of thousands of years to seconds.
Remember when IBM’s computer Deep Blue defeated chess champion,
Garry Kasparov in 1997? It was able to gain a competitive advantage
because it examined 200 million possible moves each second. A quantum
machine would be able to calculate 1 trillion moves per second!

15. Do Quantum Computers really exists?
The world's biggest tech companies are jockeying for quantum supremacy.
IBM and Google are racing to create a truly useful quantum computer. Here's what
makes quantum computers different from normal computers and how they could
change the world.
Google and IBM are both working to do that. IBM uses a technique where it drops
superconducting circuits into a sub-zero refrigerator, a delicate process that requires
extreme care. That's why the computers it will offer up to other businesses will remain
in IBM facilities in New York as customers access them over the internet.
Google researchers say the company has a similar plan to offer access to its quantum
processors via the cloud, building on work that grew out of the University of
California, Santa Barbara.

16. Do Quantum Computers really exists?
Recently, Google claimed that it had achieved quantum supremacy – the first
time a quantum computer has outperformed a traditional one.
You’ll probably never have a quantum chip in your laptop or smartphone.
There’s not going to be an iPhone Q. Quantum computers have been theorized
about for decades, but the reason it’s taken so long for them to arrive is that
they’re incredibly sensitive to interference.
Quantum computing could change the world – but right now, its future
remains uncertain.
Researchers have made great progress in developing the algorithms that
quantum computers will use. But the devices themselves still need a lot more
work.

17. How can you learn Quantum Computing?
1) Introduction to Quantum Computing and Quantum Hardware by IBM QISKIT.
Link: https://www.youtube.com/playlist...
2) Learn Quantum Computation using Qiskit Book by IBM QISKIT.
Link: https://qiskit.org/textbook
3) Quantum Computing. Less Formulas - More Understanding By Saint Petersburg State
University on Coursera.
Link: https://www.coursera.org/learn/quantum-computing-lfmu...
4) The Introduction to Quantum Computing By Saint Petersburg State University on Coursera.
Link: https://www.coursera.org/learn/quantum-computing-algorithms
5) The Hardware of a Quantum Computer on EDX.
Link: https://www.edx.org/course/hardware-of-quantum-computer

18. How can you learn Quantum Computing?
Right now, the best quantum computers have about 50 qubits. That’s enough
to make them incredibly powerful, because every qubit you add means an
exponential increase in processing capacity. But they also have really high
error rates.
It’s already possible to use IBM’s quantum computer via its website.
You can even play a card game with it.
Here you can access Quantum Computer. Just go to the given link:
https://www.ibm.com/quantum-computing/

20. IBM Quantum Experience
Launch Quantum Experience and create an IBMid account.
Then Login and get started.
You’ll have two mode there.
1. Circuit Composer
2. Quantum Lab

21. Circuit Composer

22. Quantum Lab

23. How To Join Us!!!
Email: quantumcomputingclub79@gmail.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Quantumcomputingclub/
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHOeawJ1oDiTvETE7IwCEFA
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/quantumcomputingclub
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/quantum.computing.club/