https://dudehightech.com/index.php/2022/05/01/quantum-computing-explained/

1. Quantum Computing Explained
What is quantum computing? Quantum
computing is the study of computation
done with quantum-mechanical
phenomena, such as superposition and
entanglement. A quantum computer
operates on a principle different from
classical computers, and therefore the
logic by which they process information,

2. particularly the logic to process
information on qubits, which are much
more fragile than bits in traditional
digital computers. Quantum computers
rely on quantum superposition, which
allows quantum bits (qubits) to hold
many states simultaneously, unlike the
transistors in today’s silicon chips,
which can only be in one state at any
given time.
What are qubits?
The quantum bit, or qubit, is a property
of matter and light that allows it to hold
exponentially more information than can
be contained in a classical computer.
While a regular bit is either 1 or 0, a
qubit can be any value between 0 and 1

3. at any given time. A binary system has
eight possible combinations: 0000,
0001, 0010, 0011, 0100, 0101, 0110
and 0111. This limits it to holding two
pieces of information—one on each side
of an equals sign. By contrast, quantum
bits can simultaneously hold both 0 and
1 —the logical values required for
computing (or even doing math).
Theoretically speaking...MORE
Why will quantum computing be so
much faster than conventional
computers?
Classical computers use bits, short for
binary digits, that are either 0 or 1.
Quantum computing uses quantum bits
(qubits), which can represent 0 and 1 at

4. once as well as any combination in
between. Each qubit doubles your
computational power over classical
computers, so a quantum computer with
100 qubits could do more calculations
than there are atoms in our universe—
all at once. Scientists are still trying to
master quantum states of matter, but
they’re hopeful they’ll have a fully
functional quantum computer by 2029.
But even if it takes longer to get there,
having even 50 working qubits would be
an enormous boon for researchers and
manufacturers alike; it would usher in
an entirely new era of computing that
we haven’t yet seen on Earth.
Is it safe?

5. The most common question people ask
about quantum computing is whether
it’s safe. The good news is that in its
current form, it’s safe from any and all
attacks. That’s because no one has
figured out how to take advantage of a
qubit yet. So, for now, we don’t have to
worry about anyone sneaking into our
servers and stealing our information
using quantum computing technology!
In addition, though researchers are
currently making great strides in their
understanding of quantum computing
technology and how to create an attack
with it, they believe that they won’t be
able to break commonly used
encryption methods until at least 2026
(and maybe even longer than that).

6. How does it work?
Quantum computers make use of
superpositioning and entanglement to
run their calculations. Both concepts
have been validated in labs, so we
know they work, but no one knows
exactly how to harness them for
practical applications. For example, IBM
recently announced a 56-qubit quantum
computer that can factor 15 into its
prime factors of 5 and 3—something
even an ordinary computer would
struggle with. But it also has its
limitations: The thing is an absolute
beast and is hugely energy intensive
says Chris Bishop, Director of
Microsoft’s research lab in Cambridge.

7. So as cool as it sounds I don't think
we're going to be seeing quantum
computing used commercially any time
soon. So what can you do with a
quantum computer?
Benefits and limitations of the
technology
A typical computer uses a binary
system to store information in
transistors (the individual switches that
are either on or off) and memory
storage units. Quantum computers,
however, use qubits — quantum bits
that can be in multiple states at once
(called superposition). The most famous
example of a qubit is Schro
̈ dinger’s cat,
which is both dead and alive until you

8. open its box. There are two main ways
to perform operations on qubits: CNOT
gates and entanglement. A combination
of these two approaches allows
quantum computers to perform certain
computations much faster than current
classical computers — though so far,
only for small problems involving a few
dozen qubits.
Challenges for the future
Just because a computer is quantum
doesn't mean it’s going to bring about
Skynet. But why is quantum computing
even necessary in the first place? That
answer gets at what's most exciting
about quantum computers—the
prospect of solving problems that are

9. beyond our current capabilities, whether
it's artificial intelligence or researching
how new medications could be used to
cure cancer. While we don't yet know
how these devices will change our lives
in decades to come, now's as good a
time as any to get acquainted with
them—and start thinking about how
they could impact us for generations.
Conclusion
Quantum computers have some
potential, but there are serious
obstacles to overcome before they
become useful. In order for quantum
computers to live up to their incredible
hype, researchers need to make a few
more advances in hardware and

10. software. Furthermore, it’s not clear how
useful these devices will be in solving
real-world problems. It may be that
quantum computers excel at some
computational tasks, while traditional
machines handle others better. In any
case, researchers still have a long way
to go before they create a general
purpose machine capable of replacing
your desktop PC. And if you think
today’s PCs are fast... well just wait until
Moore's Law comes knocking on your
door again!
Q & A
Quantum computers, in theory, can
solve certain problems much faster than
conventional computers. They represent

11. a new way of computing by using
quantum mechanical effects, such as
superposition and entanglement, to
perform operations on data. A quantum
computer has many potential
applications that could solve currently
unsolvable problems and unlock others
solutions not possible with traditional
computers.
What does quantum computing mean
for the nature of reality?
Quantum computing means that
anything—not just information—can be
encoded as bits. It’s a quantum leap for
computers, and it could change every
single technology we use today. Normal

12. computers can only do one thing at a
time; they’re binary machines. But in
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