- Quantum computing utilizes qubits that can represent multiple states simultaneously, unlike classical bits which are either 0 or 1. IBM plans to release a 1,000-qubit chip in 2023. Quantum computing could enable more accurate weather forecasts, better drug development, and optimization problems. While still early, potential applications include artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and materials discovery. Challenges include errors from interference and needing extreme cooling, while opportunities exist in industries like manufacturing and banking. India is actively researching quantum computing to gain economic benefits and focus on strategic initiatives of the fourth industrial revolution.

1. QUANTUM COMPUTING
-Aakash Bhalla

2. WHY AND WHEN QUANTUM
COMPUTER CAME INTO
EXISTENCE?

3. ■ 1998
■ David Deutsch, father of quantum computing
■ Quantum computing can improve research and development, supply-chain
optimization, and production
■ More Accurate Weather Forecasts: With so many variables to consider,
accurate weather forecasts are difficult to produce. Machine learning using
quantum computers will result in improved pattern recognition, making it
easier to predict extreme weather events and potentially saving thousands of
lives a year.
■ Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras and the Harish-Chandra Research
Institute (HRI) in Allahabad also have active research programs in quantum
computing.
■ Quantum computing utilizes qubits, which can represent multiple states
simultaneously, combining both 0 and 1.
■ IBM is continuing to release new versions of its quantum computing
technologies, and plans to release a 1,000-qubit chip, Condor, at the end of
2023.

4. 10 QUANTUM COMPUTING
APPLICATIONS TO KNOW
■ Artificial intelligence
■ Better batteries
■ Cleaner fertilization
■ Cybersecurity
■ Drug development
■ Electronic materials discovery
■ Financial modeling
■ Solar capture
■ Traffic optimization
■ Weather forecasting and climate change

5. CLASSICAL VS QUANTUM COMPUTERS

6. Super vs Quantum
Computers
■ Quantum computers are still in the early stages of
development and are not yet able to perform many of the
tasks that traditional computers can. They are also
expensive to build and maintain and require specialized
expertise to operate.
■ Supercomputers, can be expensive to build and maintain.
they are generally easier to use and more widely available
than quantum computers. They also tend to be more reliable
and have longer lifespans than quantum computers.
■ quantum computers and supercomputers are both powerful
tools that have the potential to solve complex problems and
drive scientific and technological progress. While they have
some similarities, they are also quite different and are best
suited to different types of tasks.

7. IBM Q – System One
World first general-purpose
Commercial Quantum computer
20 qubits
Shipping in early 2019
Cloud-only

8. What is Quantum Computer?
■ Quantum computer comprises aspects of computer science, physics, and
mathematics that utilizes quantum mechanics to solve complex problems
faster than on classical computers.
■ Some applications where quantum computers can provide such a speed boost
include machine learning (ML), optimization of physical systems.
■ Quantum Computer use Qbits to perform tasks.

9. History
■ 1982 - Feynman proposed the idea of creating machines based on the laws of
quantum mechanics instead of the laws of classical physics.
■ 1985 - David Deutsch developed the Quantum Turing Machine, showing that
quantum circuits are universal.
■ 1994 - Peter Shor came up with a quantum algorithm to factor very large
numbers in polynomial time.
■ 1997 - Lov Grover develops a quantum search algorithm.

10. What is a qubit?
■ Quantum bits, or qubits, are represented by quantum particles.
■ Qubits in quantum computers are analogous to bits in classical computers.
■ In classical computing, a bit is an electronic signal that is either on or off. The
value of the classical bit can thus be one (on) or zero (off). However, because
the qubit is based on the laws of quantum mechanics it can be placed in a
superposition of states.
■ Quantum mechanics is the area of physics that studies the behavior of
particles at a microscopic level. Quantum computers take advantage of these
behaviors to perform computations in a completely new way.

11. What is a qubit (Contd.)

12. How do companies use quantum
computing?
■ ML: Machine learning (ML) is the process of analyzing vast quantities of data to
help computers make better predictions and decisions.
■ Optimization: Quantum computing can improve research and development,
supply-chain optimization, and production.
■ Simulation: current supercomputers cannot achieve the level of accuracy that
these simulations demand. For example, Pasqal built their QUBEC
computational software to run chemistry simulations. QUBEC automates the
heavy lifting necessary to run quantum computational tasks from automatic
provisioning of the computing infrastructure to running pre- and post-
processing classical calculations and performing error mitigation tasks.

14. How can AWS help with quantum
computing?
Amazon Braket is a fully managed quantum computing service. It is designed to
help speed up scientific research and software development for quantum
computing.
■ Build quantum projects on a trusted cloud with straightforward pricing and
management controls for both quantum and classical technology.
■ Innovate quickly with expert guidance and tech support, or collaborate with
consultants in the Amazon Quantum Solutions Lab.
■ Push the boundaries of quantum hardware research with access to trapped
ion, superconducting, photonic, and annealing devices.

15. Applications of Quantum Computer
■ The quantum computers will revolutionize the drug discovery.
■ We could fire up some AI agents on those quantum computers andmake them create
better instances of themselves
■ ImportantApplications ofQuantumComputing :
 WeatherForecasting
 FinancialModeling
 MolecularModeling

16. The challenges of Quantum
Computing
■ First, quantum computers are highly prone to interference that leads to errors
in quantum algorithms running on it.
■ Second, most quantum computers cannot function without being super-cooled
to a little above absolute zero since heat generates error or noise in qubits.
Expanding quantum computing will increase ecological footprint.
■ India lacks the capability to domestically manufacture most of the
components/hardware used in quantum computing. It is another strategic
sector where India is import-dependent.
■ India should cooperate with the private sector and friendly nations who are
working to address the critical bottlenecks of quantum computing

17. Why should India focus on Quantum
Computing?
■ Industrial revolution 4.0: Quantum computing is an integral part of Industrial
revolution 4.0. Success in it will help in Strategic initiatives aimed at
leveraging other Industrial revolution 4.0 technologies like the Internet-of-
Things, Machine Learning, robotics, and artificial intelligence across sectors
and lay the foundation of the Knowledge economy.
■ Economic Benefits: The adoption of quantum technologies across industries
could potentially add US$ 280–310 billion value to the Indian economy by 2030.
Manufacturing, high-tech, banking, and defence sectors will remain at the
forefront of quantum-led innovation,

18. THANKS
-Aakash Bhalla