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Quantum computing

Quantum computing uses principles of quantum theory and qubits (quantum bits) that can represent superpositions of states to perform calculations. The document traces the history of quantum computing from its proposal in 1982 to modern developments. It explains key concepts like qubits, entanglement, and parallelism that allow quantum computers to solve certain problems like factorization and simulation much faster than classical computers. Recent progress in building quantum computers is discussed, including D-Wave Systems' quantum annealing approach. While obstacles remain, quantum computing could have important applications in networking, cryptography, and artificial intelligence.

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Quantum Computing: Wellcome To Future By Samira Riki ECE Department, K.N.TOOSI UNIVERSITY December, 2014 In The Name Of Him
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Quantum computers  Quantum Computers use atoms to perform calculation  Here computation depends on Principle of quantum theory 3
HISTORY  1982-Feynman proposed the idea of creating machines based on the laws of quantum mechanics instead of the laws of classical physics.  1985-David Deutsch developed the quantum Turing machine,showing that quantum circuits are universal.  1994-Peter Shor came up with a quantum algorithm to factor very large numbers in polynomial time.  1997-Lov Grover develops a quantum search algorithm with O(√𝑁)complexity. 4
Why Quantum Computer?  Moor’s Law  Many kinds of numerical problems cannot be solved using conventional computers.  Example:Factorization of a number OR other NPcomplete problems.  Some modern simulattions those are taking IBM’s Blue Gene Supercomputer years ,would take a Q.C. only a matter of seconds  A 30 qubit quantum computer could equal the processing power of a conventional computer that could run a 10teraflops.whereas typical PC’s run at speeds measured in Gigaflops. 5
Consepts of quantum computers.. 6
What’s a Qubit?  A qubit (or QUantum BIT) is similar in concept to a standard 'bit' - it is a memory element. It can hold not only the states '0' and '1' but a linear superposition of both states, α|0> +β |1> In physicicts terms, we denote the states |0> and |1> respectively. 7
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 Schrodinger’s CAT Theory  Quantum entanglement  Decoherence 9
Quantum Dots  It is one of the possible ways to produce quantum computers. A single electron trapped inside a cage of atoms. When the dot is exposed to a pulse of laser light of the right wavelength & duration, the electron is raised to an excited state: a second burst of laser light causes the electron to fall back to its ground state. Ex: NOT gate 10
Quantum teleportation  Quantum teleportation is a technique used to transfer information on a quantum level, usually from one particle to another. Its distinguishing feature is that it can transmit the information present in a quantum superposition, useful for quantum communication and computation. 11
Quantum parallelism  It is the method in which a quantum computer is able to perform two or more computations simultaneously. In classical computers, parallel computing is performed by having several processors linked together. In a quantum computer, a single quantum processor is able to perform multiple computations on its own. 12
 Parallelism allows a quantum computer to work on many computation at once. 13
Security 14
Applications  Quantum networking  Cryptography  Artificial Intelligence  Teleportation  Quantum Communication  True Randomness 15
Dwave The Newest Quantum Computer 16
Dwave(con’t)  DWAVE is a quantum computing company founded in 1999 in Canada ,in order to achieve its goal by making things happen now and avoid waiting 20 years to apply quantum computers in an efficient way …so It gathered a dedicated team of scientists and engineers to do researches. It came up with the quantum machine that blew the world with its unbelievable capacity.  The estimated cost of the commercialized DWAVE quantum computer is about $10,000,000 . 17
 Therefore , companies like GOOGLE , NASA and DWAVE have come together in order to build the world’s first quantum computer . 18
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How D-Wave Systems Work 21
IN The Future  When processor components reach atomic scale, Moore’s Law breaks down  Quantum effects become important whether we want them or not But huge obstacles in building a practical quantum computer!  Theory continues in advance , many researchers are looking for various algorithms and communication protocols to exploit the properties of quantum systems. 22
 Conclusion  http://en.wikipedia.org  http://www.dwavesys.com  http://www.wired.com  http://vista.ir/  http://www.nature.com/ 23  Reference
Quantum computing