This is the basic tutorial for Python Programming Language

1. Akhil Kaushik
Asstt. Prof., CE Deptt.,
TIT Bhiwani
Python
Programming

2. Python Introduction
• Python is a popular programming
language.
• It was created by Guido van Rossum,
and released in 1991.
• Python source code is also available
under the GNU General Public License
(GPL).

3. Python Introduction
• Python is a general-purpose interpreted,
interactive, object-oriented and high-level
programming language.
• Python is designed to be highly readable.
• Python has a simple syntax similar to the English
language.

4. Programming….Why?

5. Type of Languages
1. Binary Level
Language
2. Assembly Level
Language
3. High Level
Language

6. Need for programming languages?
• Closer to human thinking behavior.
• Program’s size is shorter.
• Error detection is easy.
• Same program can be compiled in accordance
to different machine architectures.

7. History
• Software for early computers were
written in assembly language.
• The need of reusability of code gave
birth to programming languages.
• This need grow huge to overcome the
cost restriction of compiler.

8. Translators

9. What is a Compiler?

10. What is a Compiler?
Source Language Target Language

11. Translators - Interpreter
• It is another common kind of language processor.
• Instead of producing a target program as a
translation, it directly execute the operations
specified in the source program on inputs supplied
by the user.

12. Translators - Interpreter
• This software converts the high-level language
into low-level language line by line.
• It takes less memory than compiler.
• It takes more time than compiler.
• It is more efficient in error detection than
compiler.
• It takes more time to build.

13. Translators - Interpreter
• Java language processors combine compilation
and interpretation.
• A Java source program may first be compiled into
an intermediate form called bytecodes.
• The bytecodes are then interpreted by a virtual
machine.
• A benefit of this arrangement is that bytecodes
compiled on one machine can be interpreted on
another machine, perhaps across a network.

14. Translators - Interpreter

15. Translators - Assembler
• This software converts the assembly language
(assembly instruction mnemonics) into machine
level language (opcodes i.e. 0,1).
• It offers reusability of assembly codes on different
machine platforms.

16. Translators - Assembler
• It generates instructions by evaluating the
mnemonics (symbols) in operation field and find
the value of symbol and literals to produce
machine code.
• Now, if assembler do all this work in one scan then
it is called single pass assembler, otherwise if it
does in multiple scans then called multiple pass
assembler.

17. Translators - Assembler
• Pass-1:
– Define symbols and literals and remember them in
symbol table and literal table respectively.
– Keep track of location counter
– Process pseudo-operations
• Pass-2:
– Generate object code by converting symbolic op-code
into respective numeric op-code
– Generate data for literals and look for values of
symbols

18. Translators - Assembler

19. Translators - Linker
• A linker is a program that allows a user
to link library programs or separate
modules of code into their own
programs.
• It is used to combine different modules
of object code into one single
executable code program.

20. Translators - Linker
• This may involve combining a program with library
programs, or involve recombining blocks of object
code from the same program, or a mixture of both.
• The linker program is used to recombine the
blocks of object code in RAM to get a working full
program.
• Linker is helpful if there is a shortage of RAM.

21. Translators - Loader
• A loader is a piece of software that chooses
exactly where to put object code in RAM, ready for
it to be run.
• It also adjusts the memory references in programs.

22. Translators - Loader
• Programs can be written by programmers using
either ‘absolute addressing’ or ‘relative addressing’.
• Relative addressing is more common because then
the loader can put the program anywhere in RAM -
absolute addressing isn't flexible.
• Linker & Loader may overlap.

23. Translators - Loader

24. Why Python?
• It is used for:
– web development (server-side applications),
– software development (rapid prototyping),
– handling big data and mathematics,
– Connecting to database systems,
– system scripting.

25. Why Python?
• It supports functional and object oriented
programming.
• It can be used as a scripting language or can be
compiled to byte-code for building large applications.
• It provides very high-level dynamic data types and
supports dynamic type checking.
• It supports automatic garbage collection.

26. Why Python?
• Python works on different platforms (Windows, Mac,
Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc).
• Python has syntax that allows developers to write
programs with fewer lines.
• Python runs on an interpreter system, which makes
prototyping very quick.
• It can be easily integrated with C, C++, COM,
ActiveX, CORBA, and Java.

27. Why Python?
• The current version is Python 3.8
• Earlier version – Python 2 is quite
popular and has frequent security
updates.
• Some other versions of Python
are 1.0, 1.5, 1.6, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3,
2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2,
3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7.

28. Summary - Why Python?
• Easy to learn, read and maintain
• Broad standard library for all
platforms.
• Portable & extendable.
• Interactive testing & debugging.
• Support for all major databases.
• Support for GUI applications.

29. Summary - Why Python?
• Python uses new lines
to complete a command,
instead of ; or {}.
• Python relies on
indentation, using
whitespace, to define
scope; such as the
scope of loops,
functions and classes.

30. How to get started?
• Usually, Python comes pre-installed in Windows,
Linux and Mac OS.
• To check, search in the start bar for Python or run
the following on the Command Line (cmd.exe):
C:UsersYour Name>python --version

31. How to get started?
• Else, we can download python from website:
https://www.python.org/
• You can download Python documentation from:
https://www.python.org/doc/
• The documentation is available in HTML, PDF, and
PostScript formats.

32. Steps to Install Python on Windows
• Open a Web browser and go
to https://www.python.org/downloads/.
• Follow the link for the Windows installer python-XYZ.msi file
where XYZ is the version you need to install.
• Save the installer file to your local machine and then run it to
find out if your machine supports MSI.
• Run the downloaded file. This brings up the Python install
wizard, which is really easy to use. Just accept the default
settings, wait until the install is finished, and you are done.

33. Steps to Install Python on Linux
• Open a Web browser and go to https://www.python.org/downloads
• Follow the link to download zipped source code available for
Unix/Linux.
• Download and extract files.
• Editing the Modules/Setup file if you want to customize some
options.
• run ./configure script -> make -> make install
• This installs Python at standard location /usr/local/bin and its
libraries at /usr/local/lib/pythonXX where XX is the version of
Python.

34. Steps to Install Python on Macintosh
• Recent Macs come with Python installed, but it
may be several years out of date.
• See http://www.python.org/download/mac/ for
instructions on getting the current version along
with extra tools to support development on the
Mac.

35. Setting up Path - Windows
• To add the Python directory to the path for a
particular session in Windows −
• At the command prompt − type path ->
Environment Variables -> path -> edit ->
%path%;C:Python and press Enter.
• Note − C:Python is the path of the Python directory

36. Setting up Path - Linux
• In the csh shell − type setenv PATH
"$PATH:/usr/local/bin/python" and press Enter.
• In the bash shell (Linux) − type export
PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/bin/python" and press Enter.
• In the sh or ksh shell − type
PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/bin/python" and press Enter.
• Note − /usr/local/bin/python is the path of the Python
directory

37. Running Python Code
• Interactive Interpreter (write Python or IPython in
command prompt)
– C:> python
• Script from the Command-line (write python code in
an editor and save with .py extension, then call
interpreter to run it)
– C: >python script.py
• Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

38. Python IDEs
• Jupyter
• Spyder
• Thonny
• PyCharm
• Komodo
• NetBeans
• &….so plethora of options…

39. Jupyter Notebook
• It is an open-source web application
that allows you to create and share
documents that may contain:
– Data cleaning & transformation,
– Equations & numerical simulation,
– Data visualizations and narrative text.
– Machine learning
– Deep learning

40. Jupyter Notebook
• Project Jupyter is a non-profit, open-source
project, born out of the IPython Project in 2014.
• It supports over 40 languages.
• It can also help us share notebooks.
• It gives interactive output.
• It also does big data integration.

41. Let’s start writing code…

42. Let’s start writing code…
• Download Anaconda from internet.
• I have anaconda 4.4.0 (64-bit).
• Write ‘Jupyter’ in the search box -> Jupyter Notebook.
• It will start and a new tab will open in your default
browser.
• Click on “New” dropdown box -> Python3

43. Let’s start writing code…

44. Let’s start writing code…

45. Let’s start writing code…

46. Keyboard shortcuts - Jupyter Notebook
• Shift + Enter run the current cell, select
below
• Ctrl + Enter run selected cells
• Alt + Enter run the current cell, insert below
• Ctrl + S save and checkpoint
• Ctrl + ] indent
• Ctrl + [ dedent
• H show all shortcuts
• Z undo cell deletion
• S Save and Checkpoint
• A insert cell above
• B insert cell below
• X cut selected cells
• C copy selected cells
• V paste cells below
• Shift + V paste cells above
• Y change the cell type to
Code
• M change the cell type to
Markdown

47. First Program

48. Akhil Kaushik
akhilkaushik05@gmail.com
9416910303
CONTACT ME AT:
Akhil Kaushik
akhilkaushik05@gmail.com
9416910303
THANK YOU !!!