Introduction to Psychology
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This document provides an overview of the history and development of psychology. It discusses how psychology originated from the study of the soul, then progressed to studying the mind and consciousness. Experimental laboratories were established but these approaches were limited. Psychology then began to be defined as the scientific study of behavior, including both overt and covert behaviors. Current definitions describe psychology as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The document also outlines the main branches of psychology, distinguishing between pure psychology which studies topics like development and social psychology, and applied psychology with fields like educational and clinical psychology.
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- Wilhelm Wundt is considered the founder of experimental psychology for establishing the first psychology laboratory in 1879.
- Structuralism and functionalism were two early schools that focused on discovering the structure of the mind and understanding thinking, motivation, and learning respectively.
- Methods of psychology include introspection, observation, experiments, surveys, and statistical analysis to understand, predict, and control behavior.
- There are many branches and applications of psychology such as developmental, abnormal, clinical, educational, and industrial psychology.
Psychology unit - 1
Psychology - Introduction
Basic concepts /Fundamentals
Evolution & Approaches
Psychology in Indian Perspectives
Introduction to Psychology
This document provides an introduction to psychology. It defines psychology as the scientific study of mind and behavior. Psychologists study both observable behaviors and mental processes. The document outlines several early philosophers who influenced the foundation of psychology, including Plato, Aristotle, and Descartes. It describes the main goals of psychology as describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling behavior. Several major schools of thought in psychology are introduced, including structuralism, functionalism, psychodynamic, behaviorism, humanism, Gestalt, biological, cognitive, evolutionary, and social-cultural perspectives. Finally, it discusses some key issues debated in psychology such as nature versus nurture and free will versus determinism.
Structuralism
Structuralism is a theory proposed by Wilhelm Wundt that sought to analyze the basic elements of the mind like sensations, feelings, and how they combine to form more complex experiences. Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in Germany in 1879 and emphasized the study of consciousness and its components using introspection. Another major figure, Edward Titchener, was a student of Wundt and helped establish structuralism in the US by translating Wundt's work and developing the approach further. Structuralism broke down consciousness into categories like objective sensations reflecting the external world and subjective feelings like emotions.
Conie
This document provides an overview of the historical background and meaning of psychology. It discusses how psychology evolved from being studied as a sub-branch of philosophy to becoming an independent scientific discipline in its own right. The key developments included defining psychology as the science of the soul, mind, consciousness, and finally behavior. The roots of psychology can be traced to ancient Greek philosophers like Plato and Aristotle, who used reasoning to study psychological concepts. In the Middle Ages, Islamic intellectuals helped advance the scientific study of psychology. It was not until the late 19th century that psychologists began using scientific methods involving observation and experimentation to study behavior, establishing psychology as a distinct positive science.
School of thougts 19
The document outlines the key schools of thought in psychology including structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, gestalt psychology, psychodynamic, cognitive, and humanistic approaches. It provides details on the origin, key concepts, methods, founders, and criticisms of each approach. Structuralism was the first school founded by Wundt that studied the structure of the mind through introspection. It was later replaced by functionalism which examined how the mind functions to help adapt to the environment. Behaviorism rejected introspection and focused only on observable behaviors. [/SUMMARY]
understanding psychology
The document provides an introduction to psychology lecture covering several key topics:
[1] It outlines the history of psychology from early Greek and Muslim philosophers to modern experimental approaches.
[2] It discusses several major schools of thought in psychology including structuralism, functionalism, gestalt psychology, psychodynamics, behaviorism, and cognitive psychology.
[3] It also briefly introduces research methods in psychology including qualitative and quantitative approaches, as well as different observation techniques used to study behavior.
Structuralism,
Wilhelm Wundt founded the first psychology laboratory in 1879 and established structuralism as the first major school of thought in psychology. Structuralism aimed to analyze consciousness into its fundamental elements of sensations, perceptions, ideas, emotions, and analyze how these elements interacted and combined. A key aspect was the use of introspection to examine one's conscious experiences. Later, Titchener expanded on structuralism in the US but it fell out of favor due to subjective methods like introspection lacking reliability and observability.
PPT 1 BMC.pptx
1. Psychology is the scientific study of the mind, behavior, and mental processes. It began to emerge as a formal science in the late 19th century under Wilhelm Wundt.
2. Early approaches to psychology included structuralism, which used introspection to study the basic elements of consciousness, and functionalism, which sought to understand how psychological aspects evolved to help animals and humans adapt.
3. Modern psychology includes many subfields and applications in areas like education, health, and politics to better understand and help human functioning and behavior.
lec_2_school_of_thoughts_edited[1].ppt
The document summarizes five historical schools of thought in psychology:
1) Structuralism, founded by Wundt, focused on conscious experience and breaking it down into components using introspection. It was criticized for being too subjective.
2) Functionalism, founded by William James, examined the functions of consciousness and behavior and how they allow adaptation. It influenced applied psychology.
3) Behaviorism, founded by Watson, emphasized observable and measurable behavior over internal mental processes. It influenced education.
4) Psychoanalysis, founded by Freud, focused on the unconscious and treating psychological disorders by interpreting unconscious conflicts.
5) Gestalt psychology viewed perception, learning, and personality as integrated wholes rather than collections of
Meaning and concept_of_psychology
This document discusses the evolution of how psychology has been defined. It began as the study of the soul but soul could not be scientifically studied. It then became the study of the mind but mind was ambiguous. Defining it as the study of consciousness was too narrow. Modern psychologists generally agree it is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes of organisms. In short, psychology aims to understand people scientifically by studying their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Titabel 100713102138-phpapp01
The document provides an overview of general psychology, including its historical origins, goals, fields of specialization, and viewpoints. It discusses how psychology evolved from early Greek philosophers exploring the mind and soul. Key figures mentioned include Aristotle, Descartes, Darwin, Freud, and Skinner. Major schools of thought described are structuralism, functionalism, gestalt psychology, behaviorism, and psychoanalysis. The document emphasizes that psychology aims to systematically study human behavior and mental processes through scientific methods.
psychology
1. The document discusses various perspectives in psychology including biological, cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, and sociocultural perspectives.
2. It provides details on each perspective's key theorists and their views on human behavior and mental processes.
3. The perspectives are compared and similarities noted such as all trying to explain psychology in an understandable way, though each has a unique focus like nature vs nurture.
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Introduction to Psychology
- 1. Introduction to Psychology By Dr. Kiran Kumar K.S Assistant Professor, Kumadvathi College of Education, Shikaripura, Shimoga, Karnataka Kirankumar.ks25@gmail.com
- 2. I Stage In terms of the study of the SOUL The earliest attempts at defining psychology owe their origin to the most mysterious and philosophical concept namely that of SOUL. It’s a word derived from the two GREEK words PSYCHE means SOUL, and LOGOS means SIGNIFYING A RATIONAL COURSE OF STUDY
- 3. II Stage In terms of the study of MIND What is soul? How can it be studied? This is not clearly answered by ancient Greek philosophers. Which leads to define psychology as the study of MIND. Mind is part which controls and leads the activities of the men and women.
- 4. III Stage Yet MIND has also faced the same questions namely, What is mind? How it can be studied? Consequently it has defined as In terms of the study of CONSCIOUSNESS. William James in his book “Principles of Psychology” (1980) defined as psychology as ‘the description and explanation of state of consciousness as such’
- 5. III Stage Wilhelm Wundt (1982-1920) established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, in Germany. Edward B. Titchener also defined psychology as the science of consciousness. But it has failed
- 6. III Stage But it has failed 1. It has a very narrow range on account of its not talking about the subconscious and unconscious activities of the mind 2. It could not include the study of the consciousness of animals
- 7. IV Stage In terms of the study of behaviour William McDougall, a British psychologist, was the first to define psychology as the ‘science of behaviour’ in his book Physiological Psychology published in 1905. “ Psychology is a science which aims to give us better understanding and control of the behaviour of the organism as a whole”
- 8. Wood worth (1948) Says “First psychology lost its soul, then its mind, then it lost its consciousness. It still has behaviour of a sort”.
- 9. The term behaviour includes all the Motor or conative activities like walking, swimming, dancing etc., Cognitive activities like thinking, reasoning, imagining etc., And Affective activities like feeling happy, sad, angry etc,. Which includes overt and covert behaviour and inner experiences and mental process. It is not limited to the study of human behaviour. The behaviour of animals, insects, birds and even plants.
- 10. Definitions J.B.Watson: the father of behaviourism elaborates psychology as “The science of behaviour” eÉ.©.ªÁålì£ï: ªÀvÀð£ÁªÁzÀzÀ ¥Àæw¥ÁzÀgÁzÀ EªÀgÀ ¥ÀæPÁgÀ
- 11. Definitions According to Woodworth & Marquies psychology as “Psychology is the scientific study of the activities of the individual in relation to his enviornment” ªÀÅqïªÀxÀð & ªÀiÁQéð¸ï ¥ÀæPÁgÀ “¥Àj¸ÀgÀPÉÌ ¸ÀA§A¢ü¹zÀAvÉ
- 12. C. 1) Formal Definition of Psychology • “Scientific study of behaviour and its causes.” – Overt (directly observable) and covert behaviours • Psychologists study: – How you act (behaviour/overt) – How you think (mental/covert) – How you feel (covert & overt) – How your brain and body respond (physiological/covert)
- 13. Branches of Psychology It is divided in to main two branches 1.Pure Psychology 2.Applied Psychology
- 14. Branches of Psychology 1.Pure Psychology a)General Psychology b)Abnormal Psychology c)Individual Psychology d)Developmental Psychology e)Social Psychology f)Physiological Psychology g)Experimental psychology
- 15. Branches of Psychology 2. Applied Psychology C£Àé¬ÄPÀ ªÀÄ£ÉÆëeÁÕ£À a)Educational Psychology b)Vocational Psychology c)Clinical psychology
- 16. Educational Psychology Skinner defines it as “Educational Psychology is that branch of psychology which deals with teaching and learning”. Crow and Crow “Educational Psychology describes and explains the learning experiences of an individual from birth through old age”.
- 17. Educational Psychology According Peel “Educational Psychology is the science of Education”. Educational Psychology helps the teacher to understand the development of his pupils, the range and limits of their capacities, the processes by which they learn and their social relationships