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Jobkey uNiversity
Lecturer:Amaanreerisak moh’ed
Cellphone:0615381519
Subjectpsychology
Date o8/05/2015
What is psychology ?
The term psychology comes from
two Greek words: psyche, which
means “soul,” and logos, 'the study
of.' These root words were first
combined in the 16th century, at a
time when the human soul, spirit,
or mind was seen as distinct from
the body.
What is psychology ?
The scientific study of
behavior and mental
processes and how they are
affected by an organism’s
physical, state, mental state,
and external environment.
What is psychology ?
The study of our inner
feelings and behaviors.
Do our feelings always match our
behaviors?
If you call me a
umbassd, I may
feel sad inside.
But I will
still act
tough.
(but I will
be crying
on the
inside, so
Contiue…
•Scientific study requires several
things:
1.Theoretical framework
2.Testable Hypotheses
3.Empirical evidence
continue….
Behavior and mental
processes include overt,
observable instances but
also include subtle kinds of
instances, like brain activity.
continue….
Humans and many other
creatures included in the
scientific study of
behavior and mental
processes
continue….
Physical state relates
primarily to the
organism’s biology - most
especially the state of the
brain and central nervous
system
continue….
Mental state does not
have to be conscious - can
study mental states in
many creatures without
their conscious awareness
- and can be studied in
terms of brain activity.
continue….
Most people think of
psychology as the study of
differences between people,
but it also includes the
study of similarities
between people.
Psychology
The scientific study of behavior
and the mind. This definition
contains three elements. The first
is that psychology is a scientific
enterprise that obtains knowledge
through systematic and objective
methods of observation and
experimentation.
continue….
Second is that psychologists
study behavior, which refers to
any action or reaction that can
be measured or observed—
such as the blink of an eye, an
increase in heart rate, or the
unruly violence that often
erupts in a mob.
continue….
Third is that psychologists
study the mind, which refers
to both conscious and
unconscious mental states.
These states cannot actually be
seen, only inferred from
observable behavior.
Many writers agree that the birth of
psychology as we now understand the
concept was in 1879 in Leipzig,
Germany. At this time, Wilhelm Wundt
founded the first laboratory
devoted to experimental psychology.
Over the next 40 years, many
universities throughout Europe and the
United States set up their own
laboratories.
The main belief shared by these
early pioneers was that human
psychological processes could be
studied objectively using the same
experimental methods developed
over the years by the natural
sciences (for examp1e physics
and chemistry).
The first recognized book on
psychology was written by
William James and published in
1890.
Why do psychologists differ in
their descriptions?
There are at least two reasons why
psychologists do not always agree on a
simple common description of psychology.
The first is that psychology is a relatively new
discipline. Compared with sciences such
as chemistry and physics, psychology is in its
infancy and its theories and methods are still
being developed.
The second reason is that
psychology already covers a diverse
range of subjects, and psychologists
working in different areas
Psychology in slightly different
ways. Educational psychologists will
be mainly concerned with the way
in which children learn, and how to
help children who are not doing
well at school.
Kinds of Psychologists
•Cognitive
•Social
•Developmental
•Health
•Clinical
•Human Factors
continue….
•Cognitive Neuroscience
•Evolutionary
•Educational
Cognition
when you think or use a
conscious mental process or
process of knowing.
Cognition includes attention,
perception, memory, reasoning,
judgment, imagining, thinking,
and speech.
Social Psychology
the scientific study of how
people think, feel, and behave
in social situations. This area of
specialization draws on two
disciplines: sociology, which
focuses on groups; and
psychology, which centers on
the individual.
Developmental Psychology
Developmental Psychology
study of changes in human behavior
and thought from infancy to old
age. Developmental psychology is
the study of how people change
over time, but it also investigates
how and why certain characteristics
remain consistent over the life
course.
Health psychology
Many psychologists in this area
study psychophysiological disorders
(also called psychosomatic
disorders), conditions that are
brought on or influenced by
psychological states, most often
stress. These disorders include high
blood pressure, headaches, asthma,
and ulcers.
Chapter Assignment
1. From your understanding of our
discussion, how would you define
psychology?
2. State two reasons why psychologists do
not always agree on a common
description of psychology?
3. List and explain kinds of psychology?
(Do your own Swot please)

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Chapter one psychology

  • 2. What is psychology ? The term psychology comes from two Greek words: psyche, which means “soul,” and logos, 'the study of.' These root words were first combined in the 16th century, at a time when the human soul, spirit, or mind was seen as distinct from the body.
  • 3. What is psychology ? The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical, state, mental state, and external environment.
  • 4. What is psychology ? The study of our inner feelings and behaviors. Do our feelings always match our behaviors? If you call me a umbassd, I may feel sad inside. But I will still act tough. (but I will be crying on the inside, so
  • 5. Contiue… •Scientific study requires several things: 1.Theoretical framework 2.Testable Hypotheses 3.Empirical evidence
  • 6. continue…. Behavior and mental processes include overt, observable instances but also include subtle kinds of instances, like brain activity.
  • 7. continue…. Humans and many other creatures included in the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
  • 8. continue…. Physical state relates primarily to the organism’s biology - most especially the state of the brain and central nervous system
  • 9. continue…. Mental state does not have to be conscious - can study mental states in many creatures without their conscious awareness - and can be studied in terms of brain activity.
  • 10. continue…. Most people think of psychology as the study of differences between people, but it also includes the study of similarities between people.
  • 11. Psychology The scientific study of behavior and the mind. This definition contains three elements. The first is that psychology is a scientific enterprise that obtains knowledge through systematic and objective methods of observation and experimentation.
  • 12. continue…. Second is that psychologists study behavior, which refers to any action or reaction that can be measured or observed— such as the blink of an eye, an increase in heart rate, or the unruly violence that often erupts in a mob.
  • 13. continue…. Third is that psychologists study the mind, which refers to both conscious and unconscious mental states. These states cannot actually be seen, only inferred from observable behavior.
  • 14. Many writers agree that the birth of psychology as we now understand the concept was in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany. At this time, Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory devoted to experimental psychology. Over the next 40 years, many universities throughout Europe and the United States set up their own laboratories.
  • 15. The main belief shared by these early pioneers was that human psychological processes could be studied objectively using the same experimental methods developed over the years by the natural sciences (for examp1e physics and chemistry).
  • 16. The first recognized book on psychology was written by William James and published in 1890.
  • 17. Why do psychologists differ in their descriptions? There are at least two reasons why psychologists do not always agree on a simple common description of psychology. The first is that psychology is a relatively new discipline. Compared with sciences such as chemistry and physics, psychology is in its infancy and its theories and methods are still being developed.
  • 18. The second reason is that psychology already covers a diverse range of subjects, and psychologists working in different areas Psychology in slightly different ways. Educational psychologists will be mainly concerned with the way in which children learn, and how to help children who are not doing well at school.
  • 21. Cognition when you think or use a conscious mental process or process of knowing. Cognition includes attention, perception, memory, reasoning, judgment, imagining, thinking, and speech.
  • 22. Social Psychology the scientific study of how people think, feel, and behave in social situations. This area of specialization draws on two disciplines: sociology, which focuses on groups; and psychology, which centers on the individual.
  • 24. Developmental Psychology study of changes in human behavior and thought from infancy to old age. Developmental psychology is the study of how people change over time, but it also investigates how and why certain characteristics remain consistent over the life course.
  • 25. Health psychology Many psychologists in this area study psychophysiological disorders (also called psychosomatic disorders), conditions that are brought on or influenced by psychological states, most often stress. These disorders include high blood pressure, headaches, asthma, and ulcers.
  • 26. Chapter Assignment 1. From your understanding of our discussion, how would you define psychology? 2. State two reasons why psychologists do not always agree on a common description of psychology? 3. List and explain kinds of psychology? (Do your own Swot please)