This document provides an overview of several theories of motivation, including: - Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and Alderfer's ERG theory, which describe levels of human needs. - Acquired needs theory, cognitive evaluation theory, and Herzberg's two-factor theory, which examine intrinsic and extrinsic motivators. - Equity theory, expectancy theory, and the Porter-Lawler model as examples of process theories that analyze cognitive processes in motivation. - McGregor's Theory X and Y, which propose different views of employee motivation. The document covers both content theories that identify sources and types of motivation, as well as process theories that examine cognitive thought processes behind motivation.

1. Introduction
to
Motivational Theory
Content Theory
and
Process Theory
Presentation By:
Ashwini Kamath U

2. Theories of Motivation
•Maslow Need Hierarchy Theory

3. Self-actualization
Home: education, religion, hobbies, personal growth
Job: training, advancement, growth, creativity
Esteem
Home: approval of family, friends, community
Job: recognition, high status, responsibilities
Belongingness
Home: family, friends, clubs
Job: teams, depts, coworkers, clients, supervisors, subordinates
Safety
Home: freedom from war, poison, violence
Job: work safety, job security, health insurance
Physiological
Home: food water sex
Job: Heat, air, base salary

4. • Alderfer's ERG theory
Existence needs (physical well-being)
Relatedness needs (satisfactory relations with
others)
Growth needs (development of competence and
realization of potential)

5. Theories of Motivation (Contd.,)
• Acquired Needs Theory (Mcclellan)
 Need for achievement, accomplish something difficult. as kids encouraged to do things for
themselves.
 Need for affiliation, form close personal relationships as kids rewarded for making friends.
 Need for power, control others. as kids, able to get what they want through controlling
others.
• Cognitive Evaluation Theory
 Intrinsic motivators: Achievement, responsibility and competence. That come from the
actual performance of the task or job
 Extrinsic: pay, promotion, feedback, working conditions -- things that come from a
person's environment, controlled by others.

6. Theories of Motivation (Contd.,)
• Two Factor theory (Herzberg)
 Hygiene factors: These are factors whose absence motivates, but whose presence
has no perceived effect
 Motivators: These are factors whose presence motivates.
• Equity Theory: Employee constantly assesses their level of effort against fellow
workers and the reward they receive for their effort
• Reinforcement Theory
 Positive Reinforcement
 Negative Reinforcement

7. Process Theory
• Equity theory: Employee constantly assesses their level of effort against fellow workers and
the reward they receive for their effort
• Expectancy theory
 This theory highlights that motivation is partly a decision-making process that evaluates effort
for outcomes.
 It highlights the involvement of the active cognitive processes and user choice in the process.
• The Porter-Lawler Model
 The model suggests that using individual theories won't work.
 A more integrated approach is needed.

8. Content Theory
• McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
 Theory X: states that employees dislike and try to avoid work
 Theory Y: Employees can view work as natural, are creative, can be self-motivated,
and appreciate responsibility
• ERG theory
• Motivation Hygiene Theory
• McClelland’s Theory of needs

9. Conclusion

10. Thank
You