Frederick Herzberg proposed a two-factor theory of motivation in 1959, finding that certain job factors lead to satisfaction while separate factors prevent dissatisfaction. The theory is based on interviews with engineers and accountants about periods when they were happy or unhappy at work. Herzberg determined that motivational factors like achievement, recognition, and responsibility contribute to job satisfaction, while hygiene factors like company policies and pay only prevent dissatisfaction if absent. The two-factor theory suggests that satisfying higher-order needs through motivational job elements is important for motivation.

1. Presented by :
Lashai Wanniang
Wasim Akhtar

2.  In 1959, Frederick Herzberg, a behavioral scientist
proposed a two-factor theory or the motivator-
hygiene theory. According to Herzberg, there are
some job factors that result in satisfaction while
there are other job factors that prevent
dissatisfaction. According to Herzberg, the
opposite of “Satisfaction” is “No satisfaction” and
the opposite of “Dissatisfaction” is “No
Dissatisfaction

3. The two-factor theory (also known as Herzberg's
motivation-hygiene theory and dual-factor theory)
states that there are certain factors in
the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a
separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction.
The two-factor theory developed from data collected by
Herzberg from interviews with
203 engineers and accountants in the Pittsburgh area,
chosen because of their professions' growing importance
in the business world

4.  when they asked respondents to describe periods in
their lives when they were exceedingly happy and
unhappy with their jobs.
 Each respondent gave as many "sequences of events"
as he could that met certain criteria—including a
marked change in feeling, a beginning and an end, and
contained some substantive description other than
feelings and interpretations.
The factors on the right that led to satisfaction
(achievement, intrinsic interest in the work,
responsibility, and advancement) are mostly unipolar;
that is, they contribute very little to job dissatisfaction.

5. Motivators
Less Satisfaction More
Hygiene
Less Dissatisfaction More

6. Hygiene Factors includes:-
 Pay
 Company Policy
 Working Conditions
 Fringe Benefits
 Interpersonal relations

7. Motivational Factors Includes:-
 Achievement
 Recognition
 Interesting Work
 Increase Responsibility
 Growth

8.  Maslow's theory is based on
the hierarchy of human
needs
 Maslow's theory is rather
simple and descriptive
 Maslow's theory is most
popular and widely cited
theory of motivation and has
wide applicability.
 According to Maslow's
model, any need can act as
motivator provided it is not
satisfied or relatively less
satisfied.
 Hertzberg refers to hygiene
factors and motivating
factors in his theory
 Hertzberg's theory is more
prescriptive
 Herzberg's theory is an
extension of Maslow's theory
of motivation. Its applicability
is narrow.
 In Hertzberg theory, hygiene
factors do not act as
motivators. Only the higher
order needs act as motivators