This document provides an introduction and overview of the Java programming language. It discusses what Java is, the history and origins of Java, key features and buzzwords of Java such as being simple, object-oriented, platform independent, and secure. It also compares Java to C++ and describes the three main types of Java: Java 2 Standard Edition, Java 2 Enterprise Edition, and Java 2 Micro Edition.

1. Java Programming
Manish Kumar
(manish87it@gmail.com)
(MCA, M.Tech)
Lecture- 1

2. Contents
 Introduction to Java Programming
 What is Java
 History of Java
 Buzzwords/Features of Java
 Comparison of C++ and Java
 Types of Java

3. What is Java
Java:
 Java is a platform and high-level programming language.
 Java is a platform because Java has its own runtime environment and API.
 It is also object-oriented and secure programming language.
 In a single line, Java can also be defined as:
“Java is an internet programming language.”

4. History
History of Java:
Java was originally developed by Sun Microsystem by James Gosling in June, 1991. The first name of java was
Oak due to the symbol of strength and chosen as a national tree of many countries such as USA, France, etc. It
was renamed as Java in 1995. Java was originally designed for embedded system in electronic devices such as
set-up boxes, etc. It was also known as green. The first version of java (JDK 1.0) was released in 23rd January,
1996.
Presently, Java is used in mobiles, games, internet programming, etc.

5. Buzzwords of java
The buzzwords are also known as features of java. There are many features are available that make it strong and
popular. Some important features are mentioned below:
 Simple
 Object – Oriented
 Platform Independent
 Portable
 Robust
 Security
 Architecture Neutral
 High Performance
 Dynamic
 Multithreaded
 Distributed

6. Buzzwords of java
Description of Buzzwords:-
Simple – Java is so simple and easy to understand because of following reason:
1. The syntax of java is based on C++
2. Java has removed some complicated feature like explicit pointers, operator overloading, etc.
3. Use automatic garbage collection concept to remove unreferenced objects.
Object – Oriented - Everything in java is an object. Java is an Object – Oriented Programming language.
Object – Oriented Programming is a concept or methodology that simplifies software development and
maintenance by some rules.

7. Buzzwords of java
Platform Independent - Due to byte code (Code generated after compilation source file), Java is called
Platform Independent i.e. “Write Once Run Anywhere (on any platform like windows, Linux, etc.)”. Java is
a software-based platform that runs on the top of other hardware-based platforms.
Security - Java is more secure because of no explicit pointers and programs are run inside a virtual machine.

8. Buzzwords of java
Portable - Since Java byte code can be easily moved to any platform that’s why Java is portable. It does not
require any implementation.
Robust - Java tries to remove error prone situations by emphasizing mainly on compile time error checking and
runtime checking. Due to robust feature, the possibility of code crash is less. We achieve robust feature with the
help of Exception Handling.
Architecture Neutral - Since there are no implementation dependent features in java that’s why java is
architecture neutral.
High Performance - Java enables high performance due to the use of Just-In-Time compiler.

9. Buzzwords of java
Dynamic - Java supports dynamic classes loading i.e. classes are loaded on run time. Java is also supporting the
feature of garbage collection (Automatic memory management).
Multithreaded - With the help of this feature we can write the code that perform multiple task simultaneously.
The main advantages of multithreading feature that it does not occupy the memory separately even it shares the
common memory area.
Distributed - With the help of this feature we are able to access files by calling methods from any machine on
the internet. This feature can be implemented by RMI (Remote Method Invocation) and EJB (Enterprise Java
Beans) in java.

10. Compression of C++ & Java
Java C++
Java is platform independent. C++ is platform dependent
Used for Application Programming Mainly used for System Programming
Does not support operator overloading Support operator loading
Does not support multiple inheritance Support multiple inheritance
Does not support pointers directly (Can’t write pointer
program)
Directly support pointers (You can write pointer
program)
Uses compiler & interpreter both Use only compiler
Does not support Header files Supports Header files

11. Types of java
There are three types of java:
1. Java2 Standard Edition (J2SE) – Used to develop Window Application or Desktop Application.
2. Java2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) – Used to develop Web Application.
3. Java2 Micro Edition (J2ME) – Used to develop Embedded and Mobile Application