Forensic science is defined as the application of scientific principles and methods to matters of criminal justice, such as using biological evidence to identify criminals. Some key developments in forensic science history include Mathieu Orfila establishing modern toxicology methods in early 19th century Paris, Alphonse Bertillon developing anthropometry for personal identification in 1879, and Francis Galton undertaking the first systematic fingerprint study and proving their uniqueness in 1892. Hans Gross's 1893 book on criminal investigation principles and Edmond Locard's 1910 establishment of a police crime laboratory in Lyons also advanced the field.

2. DEFINATION OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
The term FORENSIC is derived from the
Latin word ‘forensis’ which belonging to
court of justice or to public discussion
and debate. Forensic science would
therefore mean the science which is used
in the court of justice .

3.  Forensic Science can be defined more
broadly as that scientific discipline
which is directed to the recognition,
identification, individualization and
evolution of physical evidence by the
application of the principle and
methods of natural science for the
purpose of administration of criminal
justice .

4. HISTORY AND DEVELOMENTS
 MATHIEU ORFILA:-
Is generally recognized as the father of
modern toxicology. In the early; part of
the 19th century he established in
PARIS, methods of scientific chemical
analysis of poison which are in use in
even today.

5. ALPHONSE BERTILLON:-
Of France was the first evolve a
scientific system personal
identification. In 1879 he developed
the science of anthropometry to
facilitated distinguishing one
individual from another. This
method, though largely replaced by
fingerprint system, is still in use in
certain parts of the world.

6.  FRANCIS GALTON:-
A scientist from U.K. undertook the
first systematic study of fingerprint. He
developed the methodology of
classifying the fingerprint for filling
purpose. In 1892; he published a book
on ‘Fingerprints’ giving a sound
statistical proof of uniqueness of
personal identification through
fingerprint.

7. HANS GROSS:-
Of Austria, a lawyer by profession
spend many year studying and
developing the principle of criminal
investigation. This resulted in the
publication of his classic book in 1893
‘Handbush fur untersu chnugsrichter’
which was later published in English as
‘Criminal Investigation.’

8. EDMOND LOCARD:-
A Frenchman, later demonstrated how the
principle put forward by Gross, in his
monumental book, could be incorporated
within workable crime laboratory. In 1910
he established a police laboratory in Lyons
and later founded the Institute of
Criminalistics at the university of Lyons.
He propounded the “Principle of
Exchange”, which forms the basis of
forensic examination of physical evidence.

9.  KAR LANDSTEINER:-
In 1901; discovered that blood could be
grouped into different categories.
Following this, in 1915 Dr. Leone Lattes
of Italy devised a relatively simple
procedure for determining the blood
group of dried blood stains and
immediately adopted this technique for
criminal investigation.

10.  ALBERT OSBORM:-
Developed fundamental principle of
document examination which give
acceptance to document as scientific
evidence by the court. In 1910; he wrote
a classic book titled “ Questioned
Documents” which is a primary
reference book for document expert.

11. THANK YOU….