Earth System Science studies the interaction between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere that together make up the Earth system. It focuses on how these spheres influence each other and control the global climate. The document provides examples of the interactions between the different spheres, such as how the hydrosphere shapes landforms and provides water for life. It also discusses the importance of understanding the links between different parts of the Earth system to grasp how changes in one part can impact others.

1. Tanvir Ahmed
Roll : 2053221007
MESM - 2020
Bangladesh
University of
Professionals (BUP)
Email: tanvirhridoy74@gmail.com

2. Earth System Science is a relatively new field of study that
focuses on the operation of the whole Earth, including the
atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere.
These four spheres can be thought of as four machines or
systems that are connected together to make one larger
machine -- the whole Earth system. Earth System Science
is especially concerned with the interactions between these
different spheres and how these interactions control the
global climate. This field of study incorporates and
integrates material from traditional geology, meteorology,
oceanography, ecology, atmospheric chemistry, and other
fields.

3. The solid Earth –
landforms, rock, soil
and minerals make
up the Lithosphere.
The waters of the
earth system –
oceans, lakes, rivers
and glaciers
constitute the
Hydrosphere.
The Atmosphere is
the gaseous
blanket of air that
envelops, shields
and insulates
EARTH.
* The movements
and processes of
the atmosphere
create the
changing
conditions that we
know as weather
and climate.
The Biosphere is composed of all
living things; people, other animals
and plants.

4. *The interactions among the components
make the earth liveable.
* The Hydrosphere serves as the water
supply for all life, including humans, and
provides a home environment for many
types plants and animals.
* The hydrosphere directly affects the Lithosphere as the moving water in streams, waves
and thus shape the landforms.
* The impact or intensity of interactions among earth’s sub-system is not identical
everywhere on the planet.
* There are many examples where the sub-system overlaps.
* Soil can be examined as part of either the biosphere, the hydrosphere or the
lithosphere.

5. This first glance at the whole Earth System and how it determines
the state of the global climate should give you a good sense its
complexity and some of the important interconnections. You might
also begin to see that the operation of the system involves several
cycles (carbon cycle, water cycle, etc.), which are systems that are
more or less closed. In these cycles, material passes from place to
place in a cyclical fashion. If you track a particular water
molecule over millions of years, you may see it move from the
atmosphere to the land to the oceans to the deep interior, then up
through a volcano to the atmosphere. Many of these cycles
represent important subsystems of the global climate system.

7. In addition to understanding how different parts of the Earth
System affect the global climate, it is important to
understand how these different parts are linked together
&emdash; how they are interconnected. The graph below
represents these interconnections in the form of connecting
arrows; each arrow represents some set of processes that
operate within one of the Earth's four "spheres" that
influences the "sphere" that the arrow points to.

9. Changes in weather occur when
one system moves in to replace
another.
These conditions are affected mainly by
two conditions: temperature and moisture.
Daily changes in the weather are due to winds and storms. Seasonal changes are due to
the Earth revolving around the sun. What causes weather? ... These differences in
temperature create a restless movement of air and water in great swirling currents to
distribute heat energy from the Sun across the planet. Weather is the combination of
temperature, rainfall, winds, and other meteorological conditions as they occur on a day
to day basis.

10. It is the state of the atmosphere at a given place and time in
regards to heat, cloudiness, dryness, sunshine, wind, and rain. It
depends majorly on climate, seasons, and various other factors.
There are five types of weather: sunny, cloudy, windy, snowy, and
rainy.
It is described as the sun shining and
giving warmth to the land. There are little
to no presence of clouds. Cold
temperatures and wind, however, will
also be present on some areas of the
earth.

11. It is described as the sun shining and giving
warmth to the land. There are little to no
presence of clouds. Cold temperatures and
wind, however, will also be present on some
areas of the earth.
Cloudy
Majorly formed as a warm air mass
rises upward and cold air rushes in to fill
the vacuum. Wind gusts also form as air
is pushed into smaller and smaller
spaces. You can tell it’s windy due to the
tress swaying in one direction.
Windy

12. When the clouds are heavy
enough, they cannot hold the
water or snow anymore so they
fall in the form of raindrops, in
the case of rain; or snowflakes,
in the case of snow.
Precipitation occurs when moisture falls to the ground, most commonly in the form of rain or
snow.
Thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes are all forms of severe weather patterns.
However, a lack of precipitation is also a type of weather, common in desert areas.
In such cases the weather would be "dry" with temperature range.

13. Climate is simply the average weather of some area, so you might think
of the global climate in terms of average global temperature (about
15°C these days). The global climate system then is the set of related,
coordinated processes and reservoirs that determine the energy
balance of the surface environment, which determines the temperature.
A simplified drawing of what this system involves is shown in FIGURE,
which is worth taking a close look at. The global climate system involves
the flow of energy as well as matter through the geosphere, the
atmosphere, the hydrosphere, and the biosphere. All of these parts of
the larger system play important parts in determining how the solar
energy, in the form of visible and ultraviolet light, is absorbed,
reflected, transformed to infrared (heat) energy, how that heat is
emitted and absorbed, ultimately determining how much heat is stored
in the system and how that heat sets various parts of the system in
motion.

15. There are varying types of
climate found throughout the
world, ranging from tropical
to polar.
An area that is desert on one
side of the globe might be
rainforest on the other because
of changes in oceanic or
atmospheric currents.
Climate tells you what clothes to buy, but weather tells you what clothes to wear.
Climate is what you expect and Weather is what you get.