Earth's Energy Budget and solar radiation (with Animations)Sameer baloch
about earth's Energy budget. how much coming and how much radiation leaving from our surface to atmosphere from atmo to space with animated picture.
it clears your concept by animated gif photos
Earth's Energy Budget and solar radiation (with Animations)Sameer baloch
about earth's Energy budget. how much coming and how much radiation leaving from our surface to atmosphere from atmo to space with animated picture.
it clears your concept by animated gif photos
Earth's energy budget refers to the tracking of how much energy is flowing into and out of the Earth's climate, where the energy is going, and if the energy coming in balances with the energy going out. The Earth receives energy from the Sun, and it also reflects and radiates energy back into space. All of the energy that warms the atmosphere, oceans and land must be radiated back into space in order to maintain our current climate. If the amount of energy radiating back into space is decreased by even a very small amount, it can lead to warming. It is believed that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has a 'greenhouse effect' of reducing the amount of energy radiated into space.
Hollow earth, contrails & global warming calculations lectureMarcus 2012
http://marcusvannini2012.blogspot.com/
http://www.marcusmoon2022.org/designcontest.htm
Shoot for the moon and if you miss you'll land among the stars...
Earth's energy budget refers to the tracking of how much energy is flowing into and out of the Earth's climate, where the energy is going, and if the energy coming in balances with the energy going out. The Earth receives energy from the Sun, and it also reflects and radiates energy back into space. All of the energy that warms the atmosphere, oceans and land must be radiated back into space in order to maintain our current climate. If the amount of energy radiating back into space is decreased by even a very small amount, it can lead to warming. It is believed that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has a 'greenhouse effect' of reducing the amount of energy radiated into space.
Hollow earth, contrails & global warming calculations lectureMarcus 2012
http://marcusvannini2012.blogspot.com/
http://www.marcusmoon2022.org/designcontest.htm
Shoot for the moon and if you miss you'll land among the stars...
Wetland resources management in BangladeshTanvirHridoy1
Wetland resources management in Bangladesh
A patch of land that develops pools of water after a rainstorm would not necessarily be considered a "wetland", even though the land is wet. Wetlands have unique characteristics: they are generally distinguished from other water bodies or landforms based on their water level and on the types of plants that live within them. Specifically, wetlands are characterized as having a water table that stands at or near the land surface for a long enough period each year to support aquatic plants.
Wetlands are those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024
Radiation and heat budget
1. Radiation and the Heat Budget
Email: tanvirhridoy74@gmail.com
Tanvir Ahmed
Roll – 2053221007
MESM - 2020
2. In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of
energy in the form of waves or particles through space or
through a material medium. This includes: electromagnetic
radiation, such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared,
visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma radiation .
Radiation is a process in which energetic particles or
energetic waves travel through vacuum, or through matter-
containing media that are not required for their propagation.
In the present context Radiation means by which Solar
Energy reaches the earth and the loses energy to outer
space.
3. The energy entering, reflected, absorbed,
and emitted by the Earth system are the
components of the Earth's radiation
budget. Based on the physics principle of
conservation of energy, this radiation
budget represents the accounting of the
balance between incoming radiation,
which is almost entirely solar radiation,
and outgoing radiation, which is partly
reflected solar radiation and partly
radiation emitted from the Earth system,
including the atmosphere. A budget that's
out of balance can cause the temperature
of the atmosphere to increase or
decrease and eventually affect our
climate. The units of energy employed in
measuring this incoming and outgoing
radiation are watts per square meter
(W/m2).
The Earth's Radiation Budget is a
concept used for understanding:
How much energy the Earth gets
from the Sun and How much
energy the Earth-system radiates
back to outer space as invisible
light.
4. INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION
Incoming ultraviolet, visible, and a limited portion
of infrared energy (together sometimes called
"shortwave radiation") from the Sun drive the
Earth's climate system. Some of this incoming
radiation is reflected off clouds, some is
absorbed by the atmosphere, and some passes
through to the Earth's surface. Larger aerosol
particles in the atmosphere interact with and
absorb some of the radiation, causing the
atmosphere to warm. The heat generated by
this absorption is emitted as longwave infrared
radiation, some of which radiates out into space.
5. ABSORBED ENERGY
The solar radiation that passes through
Earth's atmosphere is either reflected off
snow, ice, or other surfaces or is absorbed
by the Earth's surface.
Emitted LONGWAVE Radiation
Heat resulting from the absorption of
incoming shortwave radiation is emitted as
longwave radiation. Radiation from the
warmed upper atmosphere, along with a
small amount from the Earth's surface,
radiates out to space. Most of the emitted
longwave radiation warms the lower
atmosphere, which in turn warms our
6. GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere (such as water vapor
and carbon dioxide) absorb most
of the Earth's emitted longwave
infrared radiation, which heats the
lower atmosphere. In turn, the
warmed atmosphere emits
longwave radiation, some of which
radiates toward the Earth's
surface, keeping our planet warm
and generally comfortable.
Increasing concentrations of
greenhouse gases such as carbon
dioxide and methane increase the
temperature of the lower
atmosphere by restricting the
outward passage of emitted
radiation, resulting in "global
warming," or, more broadly, global
climate change.
7. RADIATION AND THE CLIMATE SYSTEM
For scientists to understand climate change,
they must also determine what drives the
changes within the Earth's radiation budget.
The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy
System (CERES) instrument aboard NASA's
Aqua and Terra satellites measures the
shortwave radiation reflected and longwave
radiation emitted into space accurately
enough for scientists to determine the Earth's
total radiation budget. Other NASA
instruments monitor changes in other aspects
of the Earth's climate system—such as
clouds, aerosol particles, and surface
reflectivity—and scientists are examining
their many interactions with the radiation
budget.
8. The atmospheric heat budget of the Earth
depends on the balance between insolation
and out going terrestrial radiation.
This budget has remained constant over the
last few thousand years.
If the Earth retains more energy from the Sun,
the Earth warms and emits more infrared
energy. This brings the Earth's Radiation
Budget into balance.
Scientists think of the
Radiation Budget in terms
of a see-saw or balance.
The Earth Radiation Budget is the balance between incoming energy from
the sun and the outgoing longwave (thermal) and reflected shortwave
energy from the Earth.
9. If the Earth emits more of this energy than it absorbs, the Earth cools. As it
cools, the Earth emits less energy. This change also brings the Radiation
Budget back into balance.
Basic Parts of the Radiation
Budget
•Solar Incident Energy
•Solar Reflected Energy
•Earth Emitted Energy
Solar Incident Energy :
A total of 173,000 terawatts (trillions of watts) of solar energy strikes the Earth
continuously. That's more than 10,000 times the world's total energy use. And
that energy is completely renewable — at least, for the lifetime of the sun.
10. Solar Reflected Energy :
The amount of energy put out by the Sun is a constant. The incoming solar
radiation is known as insolation. The amount of solar energy reaching the Earth is
70 percent. The surface of the Earth absorbs 51 percent of the insolation. Water
vapor and dust account for 16 percent of the energy absorbed. The other 3
percent is absorbed by clouds. Of the 30 percent that is reflected back into space,
6 percent is reflected by air and dust. Clouds reflect 20 percent, and the remaining
4 percent is reflected by the surface.
11. Earth Emitted Energy :
Earth returns an equal amount of energy
back to space by reflecting some incoming
light and by radiating heat (thermal infrared
energy). Most solar energy is absorbed at
the surface, while most heat is radiated back
to space by the atmosphere.
Incoming solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's surface, water vapor,
gases, and aerosols in the atmosphere. This incoming solar radiation is
also reflected by the Earth's surface, by clouds, and by the atmosphere.
12. The amount of energy received from the sun is determined by;
• The solar constant
-- the total radiation energy received from the Sun per unit of time per unit of
area.
-- solar constant varies slightly and affects longer term climate rather than short
term weather variations.
• The distance earth from the sun - can cause a variation of up to 6% in the
solar insolation.
• The length of day and night.
• The equator receives more energy
as solar radiation strikes the Earth,
whereas at 60 N or 60 S the angle
creates twice the area to cover and
increases the amount of atmosphere
to go through.
13. Where does incoming Solar
Radiation go?
Incoming Solar Energy can be:
• Reflected- bounced immediately
back into space so there's no effect
at all.
• Absorbed (changed into heat)-
warms the earth/atmosphere.
• Absorbed and re-radiated out to
space- incoming radiation warms the
surface temporarily.
The balance or imbalance of these :
• Controls earth surface and
atmosphere temperatures
• Drives ocean and atmosphere
circulation
14. EARTH’S GLOBAL HEAT BUDGET
Let global average solar radiation
= 100%
Reflection = 35% [31% by atm.;
4% by land & sea]
Absorption = 65% [17.5% in atm.;
47.5% by land & sea]
About half of Incoming energy absorbed by the Land and Sea
Fate of energy absorbed by land & sea
Re-radiated directly to space = 5.5%
Transferred to atmosphere = 42%
Reflection = 35% [31% by atm.; 4% by land & sea]
Absorption = 65% [17.5% in atm.; 47.5% by land & sea]
About half of Incoming energy absorbed by the Land and Sea.
Re-radiated directly to space = 5.5%
Transferred to atmosphere = 42%
15. I. Earth’s rotation: Earth’s rotation causes daily variations in
net radiation. During daytime, the net radiation is positive
while during nighttime it becomes negative because of no
incoming shortwave radiation (Rs).
II. Earth-Sun geometry: It causes annual variations in net
radiation thereby affects global radiation balance. During
winter, the amount of incoming shortwave radiation (Rs↓)
received is less which leads to less net radiation (Rn) and
the vice-versa happens during the summer.
III. Latitude: Equator receives more incoming shortwave
radiation (Rs↓) which leads to more net radiation (Rn) than
near poles.
16. IV. Altitude: With increase in altitude, there is less
atmospheric reflection/scattering/absorption which leads to
more incoming shortwave radiation (Rs↓) received at the
surface as well as less incoming longwave radiation (RL↓).
This leads to more positive net radiation (Rn) during day
than at sea level while during night it becomes more
negative than at sea level.
17. V. Surface color: Darker surface has lower albedo which leads to
lower Rs↑ and higher Rn.
VI. Clouds, dust and pollution factor: Clouds, dust, pollutants
absorb Rs↓and RL↑, and have direct radiative forcing which
varies between -0.2 to -1.1 W m-2. Under cloudy skies, daytime
Rn at surface is less positive than clear skies while it is less
negative at nighttime as cloud acts as barrier to RL↑ and
reradiates back to earth surface.
VII. Meridional Heat Transport: Rn is surplus at low latitudes (<
40° N/S) and deficit at high latitudes
(> 40° N/S). Energy is transported from the surplus to the deficit
regions (pole-ward transport) by
ocean currents warm/cold winds (sensible heat) and moisture in
air (latent heat).Thus it prevents overheating at low latitude and
over cooling at high latitude; this is known
as meridional heat transport