This document provides an overview of computers, including what they are, their basic components, and different types. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can store, process, and retrieve data. Computers have both hardware, the physical parts, and software, sets of instructions. There are many types of computers including desktops, laptops, tablets, servers, smartphones, wearables, and game consoles. The document also discusses the information processing cycle of input, processing, storage, and output, as well as common uses of computers like calculations, word processing, data storage, and communications.

1. Lesson 1: Computer
Basics

2. What is Computer?
• is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data.
• It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.
• You may already know that you can use a computer to type
documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web.
• You can also use it to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and
even videos.

3. Hardware vs. software
Before we talk about different types of
computers, let's talk about two things all
computers have in
common: hardware and software.

4. Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical
structure, such as the keyboard or mouse. It also includes all of the
computer's internal parts, which you can see in the image below.

5. Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to
do and how to do it. Examples of software include web browsers,
games, and word processors.

6. Different types of Computers
When most people hear the word computer, they think of
a personal computer such as a desktop or laptop.
However, computers come in many shapes and sizes, and
they perform many different functions in our daily lives.
When you withdraw cash from an ATM, scan groceries at
the store, or use a calculator, you're using a type of
computer.

7. Desktop Computers
Many people use desktop computers at work,
home, and school. Desktop computers are designed
to be placed on a desk, and they're typically made up
of a few different parts, including the computer
case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

8. Laptop computers
The second type of computer you may be familiar
with is a laptop computer, commonly called a
laptop. Laptops are battery-powered computers that
are more portable than desktops, allowing you to
use them almost anywhere.

9. Tablet computers
• Tablet computers—or tablets—are handheld
computers that are even more portable than
laptops. Instead of a keyboard and mouse, tablets
use a touch-sensitive screen for typing and
navigation. The iPad is an example of a tablet.

10. Servers
• A server is a computer that serves up information
to other computers on a network. For example,
whenever you use the Internet, you're looking at
something that's stored on a server. Many
businesses also use local file servers to store and
share files internally.

11. Other Types of Computers (specialized
computers)
• Smartphones: Many cell phones can do a lot of things
computers can do, including browsing the Internet and playing
games. They are often called smartphones.
• Wearables: Wearable technology is a general term for a group of
devices—including fitness trackers and smartwatches—that are
designed to be worn throughout the day. These devices are often
called wearables for short.

12. • Game consoles: A game console is a specialized type of
computer that is used for playing video games on your TV.
• TVs: Many TVs now include applications—or apps—that
let you access various types of online content. For example,
you can stream video from the Internet directly onto your
TV.

13. Definition of Terms
• Computer Literacy - also known as digital literacy, involves
having a current knowledge and understanding of computers and
their uses.
• Data Processing – a term used to indicate the process where
computers process data.
• Data- is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include
text, numbers, images, audio, and video.

14. • Information- conveys meaning and is useful to
people.
• Software - A collection of related instructions
organized for a common purpose.
• Hardware - A physical aspect of the computer.
• Peopleware – The users of the computer

15. Information Processing Cycle
Computers process data (input) into information (output).
Computers carry out processes using instructions, which are the
steps that tell the computer how to perform a particular task. A
collection of related instructions organized for a common purpose
is referred to as software. A computer often holds data,
information, and instructions in storage for future use. Some people
refer to the series of input, process, output, and storage activities as
the information processing cycle.

16. Most computers today communicate with other computers.
As a result, communications also has become an essential
element of the information processing cycle.
Input Processing Storage Output

17. • Input. In this step, the initial data, or input data, are
prepared in some convenient form for processing. The
form will depend on the processing machine.
• Processing. In this step, the input data are changed, and
usually combined with other information, to produce data
in a more useful form. It usually involves a sequence of
certain basic processing operations.
• Output. Here the results of the preceding processing steps
are collected. The particular form of the output data
depends on the use of the data.

18. The progress made in computers saw the
expansion of its function. Here are some of
the uses:
• 1. Perform Calculations – not only performs calculator
functions but also of more complex statistical computations and
linear programming functions.
• 2. Word Processing – replacing typewriter for processing words.
This is the primary purpose of using computer.
• 3. Storing Information – this helps in the reduction of files.
Files are stored in hard drives and/or optical disk.

19. • 4. Communications – this makes letter sending
obsolete and makes the world look smaller because
people can communicate in web.
• 5. Entertainment – audio, video and games
• 6. Simulation – represents real – life situation like some
companies run simulations bore producing the product to
prevent bigger cost.
• 7. Computer Programming – develop programs for all
types of industries.

20. • 4. Communications – this makes letter sending
obsolete and makes the world look smaller because
people can communicate in web.
• 5. Entertainment – audio, video and games
• 6. Simulation – represents real – life situation like some
companies run simulations bore producing the product to
prevent bigger cost.
• 7. Computer Programming – develop programs for all
types of industries.

21. • 8. Production Process – used to make a sure quality product
and even reduces the need of a manpower.
• 9. Processing of Transaction – for non-producing companies,
computers are being used to process transaction as in banking
system.
• 10. Special Project – movies from photograph, create greeting
cards and any other card, voice recording and editing.
• 11. Robotics – computers are used to program robots to function
according to their purpose.
• 12. Artificial Intelligence – making computers perform like
humans.

22. Four types of Computers
• Analog. Analog computers are used for measuring like electric current or
voltage levels and hydraulic pressure for example. Analog computers are
fast but not accurate since variables are changing and they can only give
estimates of the result.
• Digital. Digital computers perform calculations and provide and accurate
result.
• Hybrid. Hybrid is a mix of analog and digital computer.
• Special Purpose. Designed to perform a specific job of function