Building material: is any material which is used for construction purposes in the form of solid, semi-solid or liquid, processed or unprocessed (raw material). Basically the building materials are identified into two types-the natural and synthetic products.
Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, and wood, even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings.
Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic, such as fired bricks and clay blocks, ceramics, cement, composites, concrete, thermal and sound insulation, glass, metal, plastics, polymers , etc.
WOOD - As a Material
types - hard wood, soft wood, description, manufactured boards, joining methods, adhesives used, types of adhesives, types of hardware, screws used, types of nails, joints, all the joinery sketches, knock down fittings and everything about wood.
All you need to know about timber in just a single ppt with interesting slides. Hope it hlps! This ppt was created as the result of a teamwork with my classmates
Glass as building material covered all the glasses with best and suitable examples
Please like share and subscribe to my Youtube channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaUEYWPKaJItDDLpc-ZOl4w
STEEL - As a Building material:
A 20-minute brief presentation on STEEL for a seminar session.
This presentation covers the areas of :
Origin of Steel, Discovery of STEEL, History of steel making, Classification of STEEL , Properties of steel, Mild Steel , Characteristic tension test curve, Medium Carbon Steel, High Carbon Steel, TOR Steel, Manufacturing processes.
Why STEEL is preferred to concrete?
Disadvantages of STEEL
Some Important Steel Structures
WOOD - As a Material
types - hard wood, soft wood, description, manufactured boards, joining methods, adhesives used, types of adhesives, types of hardware, screws used, types of nails, joints, all the joinery sketches, knock down fittings and everything about wood.
All you need to know about timber in just a single ppt with interesting slides. Hope it hlps! This ppt was created as the result of a teamwork with my classmates
Glass as building material covered all the glasses with best and suitable examples
Please like share and subscribe to my Youtube channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaUEYWPKaJItDDLpc-ZOl4w
STEEL - As a Building material:
A 20-minute brief presentation on STEEL for a seminar session.
This presentation covers the areas of :
Origin of Steel, Discovery of STEEL, History of steel making, Classification of STEEL , Properties of steel, Mild Steel , Characteristic tension test curve, Medium Carbon Steel, High Carbon Steel, TOR Steel, Manufacturing processes.
Why STEEL is preferred to concrete?
Disadvantages of STEEL
Some Important Steel Structures
STONE -As A Building Material.
Stones have been considered as one of the popular building material from the olden days due to their availability in abundance from the natural rocks. Building stones should possess enough strength and durability.
The stones which are suitable for the construction of the structures such as retaining walls, abutments, dams, barrages, roads etc are known as building stones.
Gives information about various building materials, classification of buildings, types of loads, building components their functions and nominal dimensions.
The difference between vitrified tiles and ceramic tiles (pdf.io)Neha Gupta
Vitrified tiles are manufactured from mixtures containing clay and some elements like silica, quart and feldspar why ceramic tiles are made from only clay. Thus, the main difference between vitrified tiles and ceramic tiles are their compositions.
Metal Furniture - Types, Guide to Buyers & SuppliersSher Thapa
Sellers - https://www.tradeindia.com/Seller/Furniture/Wrought-Iron-Furniture/
An overview of metal furniture including metal furniture construction, metal furniture types, care instructions and tips to buyers and bulk buying tips to suppliers. Metal furniture includes:
- Metal Garden Furniture
- Metal Outdoor Furniture
- Metal Industrial Furniture
- Metal Bedroom Furniture
- Metal Household Furniture
- Metal Living Room Furniture
- Metal Dining Room Furniture
- Metal Swimming Pool Furniture
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
STONE -As A Building Material.
Stones have been considered as one of the popular building material from the olden days due to their availability in abundance from the natural rocks. Building stones should possess enough strength and durability.
The stones which are suitable for the construction of the structures such as retaining walls, abutments, dams, barrages, roads etc are known as building stones.
Gives information about various building materials, classification of buildings, types of loads, building components their functions and nominal dimensions.
The difference between vitrified tiles and ceramic tiles (pdf.io)Neha Gupta
Vitrified tiles are manufactured from mixtures containing clay and some elements like silica, quart and feldspar why ceramic tiles are made from only clay. Thus, the main difference between vitrified tiles and ceramic tiles are their compositions.
Metal Furniture - Types, Guide to Buyers & SuppliersSher Thapa
Sellers - https://www.tradeindia.com/Seller/Furniture/Wrought-Iron-Furniture/
An overview of metal furniture including metal furniture construction, metal furniture types, care instructions and tips to buyers and bulk buying tips to suppliers. Metal furniture includes:
- Metal Garden Furniture
- Metal Outdoor Furniture
- Metal Industrial Furniture
- Metal Bedroom Furniture
- Metal Household Furniture
- Metal Living Room Furniture
- Metal Dining Room Furniture
- Metal Swimming Pool Furniture
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
"Did you know that engineering materials are the backbone of every manmade structure and component? From bridges to buildings, these materials play a crucial role in ensuring durability and strength. Without them, our world would be a lot less stable and secure.
But what exactly are engineering materials, you may ask? They are a diverse group of materials carefully selected for their unique properties and characteristics. From metals to polymers, ceramics to composites, these materials are chosen based on their ability to withstand various forces and environments.
As an engineer, it's essential to have a deep understanding of these materials and how they perform under different conditions. By selecting the right material for a specific application, engineers can ensure the safety, reliability, and longevity of their designs.
So next time you cross a bridge or enter a skyscraper, take a moment to appreciate the engineering materials that hold it all together. They may not be visible to the naked eye, but their presence is what makes our modern world possible.
If you're interested in learning more about engineering materials and their applications, I'll be sharing some fascinating insights and case studies in the upcoming weeks. Stay tuned for some exciting content that will expand your knowledge and spark your curiosity.
undamentals of Crystal Structure: BCC, FCC and HCP Structures, coordination number and atomic packing factors, crystal imperfections -point line and surface imperfections. Atomic Diffusion: Phenomenon, Fick’s laws of diffusion, factors affecting diffusion.
The dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) (Figure 1 and Figure 2) is used to characterize the viscous and elastic behavior of asphalt binders at
medium to high temperatures.
Nanotechnology is the scientific ability to control and restructure the matter at the atomic and molecular levels within the nanoscale. It is a modern branch of materials science dealing with the understanding of the role of nanomaterials(NM) in real-world applications. It is the creation and/or manipulation of various materials at nanometer (nm) scale, analysing their structural characteristics & properties for novel applications, attracting, producing and exploiting the nanoparticles in different dimensions and increase the utilisation potential of nano structured materials (NSM)in various fields.
this ppt describes materials ,metals, ceremics and its types, polymer, composites etc.
u can study more topics of material science on this you tube channel
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAd8Bzun6OmL4Sg2sKbDJ1b5PZZ0Vb5Hu
Building material: is any material which is used for construction purposes in the form of solid, semi-solid or liquid, processed or unprocessed (raw material). Basically the building materials are identified into two types-the natural and synthetic products.
Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, and wood, even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings.
Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic, such as fired bricks and clay blocks, ceramics, cement, composites, concrete, thermal and sound insulation, glass, metal, plastics, polymers , etc.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
1. Introduction to Building
Materials
Building material: is any material which is
used for construction purposes in the form
of solid, semi-solid or liquid, processed or
unprocessed (raw material). Basically the
building materials are identified into two
types-the natural and synthetic products.
• Many naturally occurring substances, such
as clay, rocks, sand, and wood, even twigs
and leaves, have been used to construct
buildings.
• Apart from naturally occurring materials,
2. A material engineer must be familiar with
a wide range of materials used in a wide
range of structures
• Responsibilities of a material engineer
include:
• Selection of materials for different
structural components (roofs, walls, floors,
sub-structures, etc.)
• Specification of materials
• Quality control of materials
3. There are five primary areas that must be
evaluated in selecting appropriate materials and
assemblies, as shown in Figure below:
• Material compatibility with climatic
(environment) and cultural conditions
• Material compatibility with aesthetic conditions
• Construction consideration such as the
applicability of material to occupancy and size of
building, including durability, structural, and fire
protection requirements
• Economic factors such as the environmental
impact of obtaining raw materials, processing
and fabricating building materials, transportation
impact, Initial and ongoing costs, and recycling
7. The Basic Properties of
Building Materials
The basic properties of building materials
include physical property, mechanical
property, durability and decorativeness. the
structures of materials and the influence of
their compositions on the properties; it
emphasizes on the physical properties and the
mechanical properties of materials; and also it
introduces the decorativeness and the
durability of materials. People have
constructed buildings and other structures
8. Materials have different properties
depending on what they are used for.
Some materials are hard, others are soft.
These are types of materials most
commonly used in everyday life are given
below.
• Physical Properties of Materials
• Chemical Properties of Materials
• Thermal Properties of Materials
• Electrical Properties of Materials
• Magnetic Properties of Materials
• Optical Properties of Materials
9.
10. Compositions and
Structures of Materials
• The compositions of materials include
chemical compositions and mineral
compositions which are the key factors for
the properties of materials.
• The chemical composition refers to the
chemical constituents. Various
• chemical compositions result in different
properties. For example, with the increase
of carbon content, the strength, hardness
and toughness of carbon steel will change;
carbon steel is easy to rust, so stainless
11. Mineral Composition
• Many inorganic non-metallic materials
consist of a variety of mineral
compositions. Minerals are monomers and
compounds with a certain chemical
components and structures.
• The mineral compositions are the key
factors for the properties of some building
materials (such as natural stone, inorganic
gel and other materials). Cement reveals
different characteristics because of
different clinkers. For example, in Portland
12. 2019 United States Mineral Commodity Consumption
Mineral Commodity Million Metric Tons
Crushed Stone 1,600
Sand and Gravel 980
Cement 102
Salt 57.0
Gypsum 42.0
Iron Ore 41.0
Phosphate Rock 25.0
Clays 22.0
Lime 18.0
Sulfur 9.4
Potash 5.4
Soda Ash 5.2
Barite 3.0
Copper 1.8
Lead 1.6
Minerals in
rocks: Most rocks
are aggregates of
minerals. This rock,
a granite
pegmatite, is a
mixture of mineral
grains. It contains
pink orthoclase,
milky quartz, black
13. Macro-structure
The thick structure above millimeter that
can be identified with magnifying glass or
naked eyes is called as macro-structure. It
can be classified into the following types:
(1) Dense Structure
Basically, the inner side of the material is
non-porous, such as steel,
(2) Porous Structure
The inside of this material has macro-
pores, such as aerated concrete, foam
14. (3) Micro-porous Structure
The inner side of this material is micro-
porous which is formed by mixing plenty
of water into the micro-pores, such as
common fired brick, an architectural
gypsum products. nonferrous metals,
glass, plastic and dense natural stone.
concrete, foam plastics and artificial light
materials. .
(4) Fibrous Structure
This material has the internal organization
with direction, such as wood,
15. ( 5 ) Laminated or Layered
Structure
This material has composite
structure which is layered
structure formed
(6) Granular Structure
This is a kind of loose granular
material, such as sand, gravel, and
expanded agglutinated by
different sheets or anisotropic
16. Meso-structure
The micro-level structure that can be observed by
optical microscope is called
meso-structure or sub-microstructure. What is
mainly studied in this structure
are the size, shape and interface of grains and
particles, and the size, shape and
distribution of pores and micro-cracks. For
example, the size and the metallographic
structure of metal grains can be analyzed; the
thickness of
concrete, cement and the porous organization can
be distinguished; and the
wood fiber of timber, catheter, line, resin and other
structures can be observed.
17. Microstructure
The atomic and molecular
structures of materials that can be
studied by electron microscopy,
X-ray diffractometer and other
means are called microstructure.
This structure can be divided into
crystal and non-crystal.
1. Crystal:
• The solid whose particles (atoms, molecules
18. • It is characterized by a fixed geometric
shape and anisotropy.
• The various mechanical properties of
crystal materials are related to the
arrangement pattern of particles and their
bonding force (chemical bond).
• Crystal can be divided into the following
types by chemical bonds:
(1) Atomic Crystal: is formed by neutral
atoms which are connected with
• each other by covalent bonds. The
bonding force is strong. The strength,
19. (2) Ionic Crystal: is formed by cations
and anions. The ions are related with
each other by electrostatic attraction
(Coulomb attraction) which is generally
stable. The strength, hardness and
melting point are high but volatile;
some are soluble and density is
medium. There is calcium chloride,
gypsum, limestone and so on.
(3) Molecular Crystal: is formed by
molecules which are tied to each other by
20. • Non-Crystal: fuse mass with a certain
chemical constituents is cooled so rapidly
that the particles cannot be packed in a
regular ordered pattern, and thus it is
solidified into a solid, known as non-
crystal or vitreous body or amorphous
body. Non-crystal is characterized by no
fixed geometry shape and isotropy. A
large number of chemicals cannot be
released because of the rapid cooling, so
non-crystal materials have chemical
instability, easily reacting with other
substances. For example, granulated blast