The document provides an overview of engineering materials, defining materials as substances used in the construction of manmade structures. It classifies materials into categories such as metals (ferrous and non-ferrous), non-metals, ceramics, and composites, detailing their properties and common applications. Key insights include the characteristics of various metals, the classification of polymers, and the distinction between crystalline ceramics and glasses.

1. Engineering Materials
By : Goutam S. Gachhinakatti
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2. Engineering Materials
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3. Contents
 What is Material?
 Classification of Engineering Materials
 Metals
 Non Metals
 Ceramics
 Composites
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What is material?
 A material is a substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object.
 Engineering materials refers to the group of materials that are used in the construction of
manmade structures and components.
 In engineering, materials can be categorized according to their
•Microscopic structure
•Mechanical properties
•Thermal properties
•Chemical Properties
•Physical Properties Etc.

5. Classification of Engineering Materials
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In material science engineering, the materials classified into the following categories.
Metals
Ferrous Metals
Non-Ferrous Metals
Non-Metals
Thermoplastics
Thermosets
Elastomers
Ceramics
Crystalline Ceramics
Glasses
Composites
Metal Matrix
Ceramic Matrix
Polymer Matrix

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Metals
Ferrous Metal
• Ferrous metal is that it has iron in its composition by large percentage.
• Ferrous metals are magnetic and capable of little resistance to the corrosion too.
• Examples for ferrous metals are cast iron, carbon steels, alloy steels, stainless steels, tool
steels and die steels etc.
Periodic Table

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Metals
Ferrous Metal…
Carbon Steel
• Carbon steels are possibly the most widely used type of ferrous metal.
• The only other major alloying element in carbon steel is carbon.
• Common applications of carbon steels include structures, furniture, and automotive
components.
Stainless Steel
• Stainless steels have a high amount of chromium that helps them to resist corrosion better than
carbon steels.
• Common applications of stainless steels include appliances, pharmaceutical and medical
equipment, food-grade equipment, and knives.

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Metals
Ferrous Metal…
Cast Iron
• Cast has more carbon than most other types, which gives high strength and its quite brittle.
• The lack of other alloying elements outside of iron and carbon make it a relatively affordable
ferrous metal.
• Common applications of cast iron include cookware, small components subject to wear such as
gears, rods, and pins, and mining equipment.
Alloy Steel
• Alloy steels are a type of ferrous metal specially formulated to serve specific purposes.
• While composed primarily of iron, differing amounts of copper, vanadium, tungsten, manganese,
and other elements can be used to tailor an alloy steel to have higher toughness, ductility,
tensile strength, hardness, and other properties.
• Common applications of alloy steels include tools, dies, and machining equipment.

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Metals
Non Ferrous Metal
• These metals have lightweight, high conductivity, corrosion resistance and non-magnetic
properties are the specialties of non-ferrous metals.
• These metals don’t have the iron as the composition.
• Some amount of iron will be added in some of the Non-ferrous metals but it is not a
considerable amount.
• Example: Aluminum, Copper, Lead, Nickel, Tin, Titanium and Zinc.
Periodic Table

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Non Metals
• Non-Metal is referred to the chemical elements which are volatile, insulated to heat and
electricity and lack of the metallic attributes.
• Most of the non-metals are gasses.
• In the periodic table, they are represented under Polyatomic nonmetal, Diatomic non-metal,
Noble gases. carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, and iodine are the solid non-metals. See the
Periodic table below.
• Non-metals are further classified as Thermoplastics, Thermosets, Elastomers.
Periodic Table

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Non Metals
Thermoplastics
• A polymer that can become moldable to a specific heat and the
get solidify upon cooling are known as the thermoplastics.
• These thermoplastics can be remolded or reshaped many times
as we want. so they are recyclable polymers.
• For example Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene(PC), Polyvinyl
chloride (PVC), Polycarbonate(PC) etc.
Thermosets
• These are the polymers which are capable to resist to high
temperatures.
• Once thermosets get harden they will not be remolded or
reshaped.
• So these are not able to recycle, Capable of resistance to the high
tempersatures.
• For example Polyester, Vinyl Ester, Silicone, Fluoropolymers etc.
Thermoplastic Raw Material
Thermoset Raw Material

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Non Metals
Elastomer
• The elastomer is a polymer that can be deformed under stress and regain its original shape
when the stress is removed.
• Simply a polymer which is having an elastic property called as the elastomer.
• For Example Nitrile rubber(NBR), Polybutadiene(BR), Silicone rubber (SI, Q, VMQ),
Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE)
Elastomer (EPDM) Raw Material

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Ceramics
• Ceramics are the inorganic and nonmetallic
compounds.
• Ceramics have high strengths and hardness
properties.
• Ceramics are Further classified into two general
category as
• Crystalline ceramics.
• Glasses.
Ceramics Applications

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Ceramics
Crystalline ceramics
• Crystalline ceramics are more brittle and harder than the metals but when it comes to the
tensile strength of the crystalline ceramics, it is very less.
• They tend to fail at very less stress.
• Automotive disc brake pads, fuel injectors, thermal insulators, spark plugs etc. are made of
crystalline.
• Examples for Crystalline ceramics materials are Aluminium Oxide, Titanium Oxide, magnesium
Oxide, Nitride ceramics, etc.
Glasses
• Glasses are also inorganic and non-metallic compounds.
• Glasses don’t have the crystalline structure as like Crystalline ceramics do.
• One special property of the glasses is the transparency.
• Glass materials are Silicate glass, Soda-lime glass, Borosilicate glass, Lead glass, Aluminosilicate
glass, etc.

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Composites
• A composite material is a material made from two or more constituent materials with
significantly different physical or chemical properties that, when combined, produce a material
with characteristics different from the individual components.
• Best example for composite is Concrete, its a mixture of cement and aggregate, giving a robust,
strong material that is very widely used.
• Composites are basically classified as Metal Matrix, Ceramic Matrix, Polymer Matrix.
Concrete Plywood
Carbon fiber composite part

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Composites
Metal, Ceramic, Polymer Matrix
• A metal matrix composite (MMC) is composite material with at least two constituent parts, one
being a metal.
• The other material may be a different metal or another material, such as a ceramic or organic
compound.
• When at least three materials are present, it is called a hybrid composite.
• For example, carbon fibers are commonly used in aluminum matrix to synthesize composites
showing low density and high strength.
• The remaining groups of composite materials are the different composition of materials in
ceramics and the polymers respectively.
Ferrous Metal Leaf Spring Composite Metal Leaf Spring

17. Thank you
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Goutam S.Gachhinakatti
Engineer By Profession
goutamsg
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