this ppt describes materials ,metals, ceremics and its types, polymer, composites etc.
u can study more topics of material science on this you tube channel
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Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys.
Metallurgy can also be described as the technology of metals, the way in which science is applied to the production of metals and the engineering of metal .
undamentals of Crystal Structure: BCC, FCC and HCP Structures, coordination number and atomic packing factors, crystal imperfections -point line and surface imperfections. Atomic Diffusion: Phenomenon, Fick’s laws of diffusion, factors affecting diffusion.
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys.
Metallurgy can also be described as the technology of metals, the way in which science is applied to the production of metals and the engineering of metal .
undamentals of Crystal Structure: BCC, FCC and HCP Structures, coordination number and atomic packing factors, crystal imperfections -point line and surface imperfections. Atomic Diffusion: Phenomenon, Fick’s laws of diffusion, factors affecting diffusion.
Ceramic materials are inorganic, non-metallic materials made from compounds of a metal and a non metal. Ceramic materials may be crystalline or partly crystalline.
The word ceramic comes from the Greek word keramiko of pottery" or for pottery from keramos.
Ceramic materials are inorganic, non-metallic materials made from compounds of a metal and a non metal. Ceramic materials may be crystalline or partly crystalline.
The word ceramic comes from the Greek word keramiko of pottery" or for pottery from keramos.
: Part of inanimate matter, which is useful to engineer in the practice of his profession (used to produce products according to the needs and demand of society)
Material Science: Primarily concerned with the search for basic knowledge about internal structure, properties and processing of materials and their complex interactions/relationships
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I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
4. INTRODUCTION
Q1.What is material science?
Materials science or materials engineering is
an interdisciplinary field involving the
properties of matter and its applications to
various areas of science and engineering.
This scientific field investigates the
relationship between the structure of
materials at atomic or molecular scales and
their macroscopic properties.
Materials science also deals with
fundamental properties and characteristics of
materials.
5. The field encompasses the
complete knowledge spectrum
for materials ranging from the
basic end (materials science) to
the applied end (materials
engineering).
Scope of Material Science
6. Historical Perspective
• Materials are so important in the development of
civilization that we associate Ages with them.
• In the origin of human life on Earth, the Stone Age,
people used only natural materials, like stone, clay,
skins, and wood.
• When people found copper and how to make it
harder by alloying, the Bronze Age started about
3000 BC.
• The use of iron and steel, a stronger material that
gave advantage in wars started at about 1200 BC.
• The next big step was the discovery of a cheap
process to make steel around 1850, which enabled
the railroads and the building of the modern
infrastructure of the industrial world.
7. Why Study Materials Science ?
• To be able to select a material for a given use based
on considerations of cost and performance.
• To understand the limits of materials and the
change of their properties with use.
• To be able to create a new material that will have
some desirable properties.
• All engineering disciplines need to know about
materials. Even the most "immaterial", like
software or system engineering depend on the
development of new materials, which in turn alter
the economics, like software-hardware trade-offs.
8. Classification of Engineering Materials
Materials
Metals Ceramics
Oxides,
Nitrides,
Carbides,
Glasses,
Graphite,
Diamond,
etc.
Polymers
(Plastics)
Ferrous
Cast iron,
Steel,
Stainless steel,
Nonferrous
Aluminum,
Titanium,
Copper,
etc.
Thermoplastic
Acrylics,
PE,
PVC,
etc.
Thermoset
Epoxies,
Phenolics,
Rubber
(Elastomer)
Poly-
urethanes
Composites-reinforced plastics, metal or ceramic matrix, laminates, others.
Semiconductors-Silicon, Germanium, Gallium phosphor, other.
Biomaterials-biocompatible materials, Co-Cr-Mo, Co-Ni-Mo metal alloys (for hip)
9. METALS
• Metals account for about two thirds of all the
elements and about 24% of the mass of the
planet.
• Metals have useful properties including
strength, ductility, high melting points,
thermal and electrical conductivity, and
toughness.
10. • The key feature that distinguishes metals from
non-metals is their bonding.
• Metallic materials have free electrons that are
free to move easily from one atom to the next.
• The existence of these free electrons has a
number of profound consequences for the
properties of metallic materials.
• For example, metallic materials tend to be good
electrical conductors because the free electrons
can move around within the metal so freely.
11.
12. Ceramics
• A ceramic has traditionally been defined as “an
inorganic, nonmetallic solid that is prepared from
powdered materials, is fabricated into products
through the application of heat, and displays such
characteristic properties as hardness, strength, low
electrical conductivity, and brittleness.“
• The word ceramic comes from the Greek word
"keramikos", which means "pottery.“
• They are typically crystalline in nature and are
compounds formed between metallic and
nonmetallic elements such as aluminum and oxygen
(alumina-Al2O3), calcium and oxygen (calcia - CaO),
and silicon and nitrogen (silicon nitride-Si3N4).
13. Depending on their method of formation, ceramics can be dense
or lightweight.
Typically, they will demonstrate excellent strength and hardness
properties; however, they are often brittle in nature.
Ceramics can also be formed to serve as electrically conductive
materials or insulators.
Some ceramics, like superconductors, also display magnetic
properties.
They are also more resistant to high temperatures and harsh
environments than metals and polymers.
Due to ceramic materials wide range of properties, they are
used for a multitude of applications.
14.
15. Classification of Ceramics
Glasses Clay
products
Refractories Abrasives Cements Advanced
ceramics
-optical
-containers/
household
-
whiteware
(dinnerwar
e, floor and
wall tile,
electrical
porcelain,
etc.) )
-
bricks
- (brick and
monolithic
products
used in
metal, glass,
cements,
ceramics,
energy
conversion,
petroleum,
and
chemicals
industries)
-sandpaper
-cutting
-polishing
-composites :
-
structural
Structural (cutting tools,
and engine components)
Electrical (capacitors,
insulators, integrated
circuit packages,
piezoelectrics, magnets
and superconductors)
Coatings (engine
components, cutting
tools)
Chemical and
environmental (filters,
membranes, catalysts,
and catalyst supports)
-
-
-
(for
roads,
bridges,
buildings,
dams, and
etc.)
16. The atoms in ceramic materials are held together by a
chemical bond which will be discussed a bit later.
Briefly though, the two most common chemical
bonds for ceramic materials are covalent and ionic.
Covalent and ionic bonds are much stronger than in
metallic bonds and, generally speaking, this is why
ceramics are brittle and metals are ductile.
17. Polymers
If, for example, ethylene is subjected to appropriate T an P conditions in the existence
of a catalyzor, it will transform to polyethylene (PE).
İnitiator
(catalyst) ethylene
MER unit
Active mer
MER
• A polymeric solid can be thought of as a material that contains
many chemically bonded parts or units which themselves are
bonded together to form a solid. The word polymer literally
means "many parts."
• Two industrially important polymeric materials are plastics
and elastomers.
18. Polymers have many properties that make them
attractive to use in certain conditions.
Many polymers:
-are less dense than metals or ceramics,
-resist atmospheric and other forms of corrosion,
offer good compatibility with human tissue,
or
-exhibit excellent resistance to the conduction of
electrical current.
19. The polymer plastics can be divided into two
classes,
-thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics,
depending on how they are structurally and
chemically bonded.
The term ‘thermoplastic’ indicates that these
materials melt on heating and may be
processed by a variety of molding and
extrusion techniques.
Alternately, ‘thermosetting’ polymers can not
be melted or remelted.
20. Rubber is a natural occurring polymer.
However, most polymers are created by
engineering the combination of hydrogen and
carbon atoms and the arrangement of the
chains they form.
The polymer molecule is a long chain of
covalent-bonded atoms and secondary bonds
then hold groups of polymer chains together to
form the polymeric material.
21.
22. Composites
A composite is commonly defined as a combination of two or
more distinct materials, each of which retains its own distinctive
properties, to create a new material with properties that cannot
be achieved by any of the components acting alone.
For example, Fiberglass sheet is a composite since it is made of
glass fibers imbedded in a polymer.
Composite materials are said to have two phases. The
reinforcing phase is the fibers, sheets, or particles that are
embedded in the matrix phase.
The reinforcing material and the matrix material can be metal,
ceramic, or polymer.
Typically, reinforcing materials are strong with low densities
while the matrix is usually a ductile, or tough, material.
23. Some of the common classifications of
composites are:
•Reinforced plastics
•Metal-matrix composites
•Ceramic-matrix composites
•Sandwich structures
•Concrete
24. If the composite is designed and
fabricated correctly, it combines the
strength of the reinforcement with
the toughness of the matrix to
achieve a combination of desirable
properties not available in any single
conventional material.
-
25.
26. Questions…
1. What is Material Science and Metallurgy?
2. Differentiate between material science and
material engineering?
3. Classify the engineering materials.
4. What are metals and composites? Give 2
properties of each.
5. Differentiate between thermosetting and
thermoplastic polymer.