pharmacy syllabus ,human body ,anatomy and physiology ,about homeostasis ,basic anatomical terminology

1. Introduction to human body
• Definition and scope of anatomy and physiology

2. DEFINATION OF ANATOMY
It is the study of animal or of plant structure or any
Of its parts

4. Anatomy is the study of structure and Physiology is
the study of Function.
These two are complementary to each other and not
entirely separable
Physiology tends explain as the meaning of anatomy
and conversely
Human anatomy is the basic essential sciences of
medicine

5. Definition of physiology
 The branch of biology that deals with the normal functioning
of the living organisms and their parts

6. Levels of body organisation and body
system

8. Basic life processes
 Nutrition
 Respiration
 Transportation
 Excretion
 Reproduction
 Movement and locomotion
 Control and coordination

9.  Nutrition :- The process of providing Or obtaining food
necessary for growth and survival.
 Respiration : - The process of living organism that involve the
production of energy, typically with inake of oxygen and
release of carbondioxide from the oxidation of complex
organic substances.
 Transportation :- regards to biology, transportation means
the transfer of chemicals are ions from one place to another
in the body of plant or animal .
 Excretion :- it is the removal of metabolic waste from the
body of animal or plant which could be harmful for them.

10.  Reproduction :- production of offspring from sexual Asexual
proces.
 locomotion and movement :- movement is temporary or
permanent displacement of body parts from its original
position and locomotion Is the displacement of entire body
from one place to the another place.
 Control and coordination :- control is the power of restrain
and regulation by which something can be stopped slowed
down or started.
Coordination working together of various agents of body of
organism in proper manner to produce a response To the
stimulus.

11. Homeostasis
 Homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in internal
environment to maintain the stability.

13. Basic anatomical terminologies
 Superior or cranial – towards the head end of the body (head
is of superior extremity)
 Inferior or caudal – Away from the or lower
 Interior or ventral – front side
 Posterior or dorsal – back side
 Medial – towards the midline of the body
 Lateral – Away from the midline of the body
 Proximal – Towards or nearest the trunk or the point of origin
of a part
 Distal – away and furthest from the trunk

14. Planes of the body
 Coronal or frontal plane – vertical plane running from side
to side, divide the body or any of its part Into interior and
posterior planes
 Sagittal plane or lateral plane – Vertical plane running
from front to back; divide the body or any of its parts into
right or left side
 Axial or transverse plane – horizontal plane; divides the
body or any of its part into upper and lower parts
 Median plane – Sagittal plane Through the median of the;
divide the body any of its part into right or left halves.