This document provides an overview of human anatomy. It discusses that anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body and the relationships between its parts. The main branches of anatomy are gross (macroscopic) anatomy, histology, embryology, regional anatomy, systemic anatomy, functional anatomy, and surface anatomy. It also outlines several important anatomical terms and positions used to describe the human body.

1. P

2. MOHSIN SHAH
BS RENAL DIALYSIS KHYBER MEDICAL UNIVERSTY
PESHAWAR
THE QUAID-E- AZAM INSTITUTE OF NURSING

3. WHAT IS ANATOMY….. ?
Human anatomy is the study of structure of different
parts and organs of human body and also the
interrelation of of various structure that constitute
these parts and organs.

4. BRANCHES OF ANATOMY
 Gross anatomy
 Histology
 Embryology

5. GROSS ANATOMY
 The study of structures of human body which can
study through naked eyes .

6. HISTOLOGY
 The microscopic study of human body structure is
called histology .it is also called microscopic
anatomy.

7. EMBRYOLOGY
 The study of growth and devolopment of embryo
and fetus from fertalization of the ovum and sperm
untill birth is called embryology.

8. OTHER BRANCHES
 Regional anatomy
 Systemic anatomy
 Functional anatomy
 Surface anatomy

9. REGIONAL ANATOMY
 The study of specific region of the body is called
regional anatomy.
 There are three main regions :-
1) Upper limbs and lower limbs
2) Thorax,abdomen, and pelvis
3) Head and neck

10. SYSTEMIC ANATOMY
 The structural study of an system is called systemic
anatomy.

11. FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
 The study of anatomy in its relation to function is
called functional anatomy.

12. SURFACE ANATOMY
 Surface anatomy (also called superficial
anatomy ) is the study of the external features of
the body

13. SURFACE ANATOMY

14. IMPORTANCE OF ANATOMY
 Macroscopic and microscopic anatomy is essential
to understand the function of any structure ,organs
or organ system of the body.
 It also necessary to comprehend the subject of
pathology.
 Its also help for a doctor to recognize any
abnormality.
 Embryological anatomy help for doctor to recognize
congenital abnormalities.

15. PLANES OF THE BODY
 Medians plan: This is a vertical plane that divide the
right and left side of the body length wise along the
midline into externally symmetrical sections.

16. MEDIANS PLAN

17. PLANES OF THE BODY
 Sagittal plane : Any plane that is parallel to the
median plane is called sagittal plane.it divide the
body into asymmetrical right and left section.

19. PLANES OF THE BODY
 Coronal plane: Any vertical side to side plane at
right angles to to median plane is called coronal
plane or frontal plane .

21. PLANES OF THE BODY
 Transvers plane :if the body is dived horizontally
into upper and lower section is called transvers
plane

28. TERMS OF ANATOMY
 Anterior :-toward or at the front of the body.
 Posterior:- toward or at the back of the body .
 Medial :-toward the midd line of the body.
 Lateral :-away from the mid line of body.
 Superior :-toward the top of the body.
 Inferior :-toward the sole of the foot.
 Deep :-away from the surface of the body.
 Internal:-nearer to the interior of the body.
 External :-away from the interior of the body.

29. TERMS OF ANATOMY
 Proximal :-toward the attached end of the structure.
 Distal :-away from the attached end .
 Palmar :-a special term refrening to the anterior
surface of the end.
 Planter :- a special term referring to the sole (
bottom of the foot )

30. ANATOMICAL POSITIONS
 Flexion : The binding movement in which the angle
between two bone is decrease.
 Extension : A strightening motion in which angle
between two bones is increased .
 Abduction : As action of moving the limb away from the
median plane of the body.
 Adduction : It is the reverse of the abduction .
 Pronation and Supination
 Inversion and Eversion
 Planter flexion and dorsiflexion
 Protraction and Elevation

31. ANATOMICAL POSITIONS

37. CLINICAL RELATED IMPORTANT TERMS
 Unilateral: The organs or structure occur in one
side.
 Bilateral : The organs or structure occur in both side
.
 Ipsilateral : This term refers to a structure occurring
on the same side of the body as another structure.
 Contralateral : Opposite side of the body having
same organ or structure.