This document provides an overview of manufacturing systems automation. It discusses different types of production including mass production, job shop production, and batch production. It also covers different facility layouts such as process layout, fixed position layout, product flow layout, and group technology (cellular) layout. Examples of industries that utilize automation are also presented, including aerospace, automotive, chemical, food, and semiconductor. Reasons for automating manufacturing processes and the roles of both humans and machines in automated systems are explored. The historical development of manufacturing technology is briefly outlined.
This document contains lecture notes on manufacturing systems automation. It discusses different types of production such as mass production, job shop production, and batch production. It also covers facility layouts including fixed position, process, cellular, and product flow layouts. Additional topics include reasons for automating manufacturing processes, types of automation including fixed, programmable, and flexible automation, and the roles of both humans and machines in automated systems. Principles of automation and ten automation strategies are also presented.
CAD/CAM involves the use of computer systems to aid in both the design and manufacturing processes. CAD is used for design functions like modeling and simulation, while CAM is used for planning and controlling manufacturing operations. CIM integrates all functions of manufacturing through computer systems and aims to make production faster, less error-prone, and more automated through closed-loop control processes based on sensor input. Benefits of CIM include reduced costs, lead times and errors, as well as improved quality, flexibility and communication across the manufacturing lifecycle.
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) involves integrating all enterprise operations around a common data repository using integrated systems and communications. This allows individual manufacturing processes to exchange information and initiate actions, facilitating automation and improving efficiency, quality, and responsiveness. While CIM provides benefits like reduced costs and lead times, its implementation requires significant changes to corporate culture and systems.
this ppt is about the information of factory data collection system.Various techniques are used to collect data from the factory floor. These technique range from clerical methods that requires workers to fill out paper forms that are later compiled, to fully automated methods that require no human participation.
There are two categories of automation in production systems: 1) automation of manufacturing systems in the factory and 2) computerization of manufacturing support systems. Automation involves applying mechanical, electronic, and computer-based systems to operate and control production. Examples of automated manufacturing systems include automated machine tools, transfer lines, assembly systems, robots, and material handling systems. Computerized support systems integrate computer-aided design, manufacturing, and business functions.
manufacturing support system is the some arrangement of the machine and software and process to work easily with properly handling of equipment like operation different types.it also conclude that all types of material handling system like automated storage and retrieval system etc are come in this categories.
Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) aims to integrate all functions related to manufacturing, from order receipt through production to shipment, using computer and communication technologies. CIM encompasses CAD/CAM functions like product design, process planning, and NC programming, as well as business functions like order entry, production planning and control, and inventory management. The goal is to automate information flow and the transition from design to manufacturing. Techniques covered include CAD, CAM, CAPP, CAE, FMS, JIT, MRP and LAN. JIT production minimizes waste like work-in-progress inventory by delivering components just when needed downstream.
1. The document discusses computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) and automation strategies. It provides an introduction to automation, describing the types of automation as fixed, programmable, and flexible.
2. The reasons for automation include increasing productivity and reducing costs. Automation strategies aim to improve flexibility, material handling, inspection, and integrate operations through computer systems.
3. Production systems are classified as job shop, batch, or mass production based on factors like volume, variety, and workflow. CIM fully integrates all functions of a manufacturing company using computer systems.
This document contains lecture notes on manufacturing systems automation. It discusses different types of production such as mass production, job shop production, and batch production. It also covers facility layouts including fixed position, process, cellular, and product flow layouts. Additional topics include reasons for automating manufacturing processes, types of automation including fixed, programmable, and flexible automation, and the roles of both humans and machines in automated systems. Principles of automation and ten automation strategies are also presented.
CAD/CAM involves the use of computer systems to aid in both the design and manufacturing processes. CAD is used for design functions like modeling and simulation, while CAM is used for planning and controlling manufacturing operations. CIM integrates all functions of manufacturing through computer systems and aims to make production faster, less error-prone, and more automated through closed-loop control processes based on sensor input. Benefits of CIM include reduced costs, lead times and errors, as well as improved quality, flexibility and communication across the manufacturing lifecycle.
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) involves integrating all enterprise operations around a common data repository using integrated systems and communications. This allows individual manufacturing processes to exchange information and initiate actions, facilitating automation and improving efficiency, quality, and responsiveness. While CIM provides benefits like reduced costs and lead times, its implementation requires significant changes to corporate culture and systems.
this ppt is about the information of factory data collection system.Various techniques are used to collect data from the factory floor. These technique range from clerical methods that requires workers to fill out paper forms that are later compiled, to fully automated methods that require no human participation.
There are two categories of automation in production systems: 1) automation of manufacturing systems in the factory and 2) computerization of manufacturing support systems. Automation involves applying mechanical, electronic, and computer-based systems to operate and control production. Examples of automated manufacturing systems include automated machine tools, transfer lines, assembly systems, robots, and material handling systems. Computerized support systems integrate computer-aided design, manufacturing, and business functions.
manufacturing support system is the some arrangement of the machine and software and process to work easily with properly handling of equipment like operation different types.it also conclude that all types of material handling system like automated storage and retrieval system etc are come in this categories.
Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) aims to integrate all functions related to manufacturing, from order receipt through production to shipment, using computer and communication technologies. CIM encompasses CAD/CAM functions like product design, process planning, and NC programming, as well as business functions like order entry, production planning and control, and inventory management. The goal is to automate information flow and the transition from design to manufacturing. Techniques covered include CAD, CAM, CAPP, CAE, FMS, JIT, MRP and LAN. JIT production minimizes waste like work-in-progress inventory by delivering components just when needed downstream.
1. The document discusses computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) and automation strategies. It provides an introduction to automation, describing the types of automation as fixed, programmable, and flexible.
2. The reasons for automation include increasing productivity and reducing costs. Automation strategies aim to improve flexibility, material handling, inspection, and integrate operations through computer systems.
3. Production systems are classified as job shop, batch, or mass production based on factors like volume, variety, and workflow. CIM fully integrates all functions of a manufacturing company using computer systems.
This document provides a syllabus for a course on Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). It is divided into 5 modules that cover various topics related to CIM including automation, CAD, computer numerical control, robotics, additive manufacturing, and Industry 4.0. The syllabus outlines 10 topics within the 5 modules, providing a brief description of the topics and allocating 5 hours to each. It also provides background on the evolution of CIM and defines key elements of a CIM system such as marketing, product design, planning, and factory automation hardware.
CIM is the architecture for integrating the engineering, marketing and manufacturing functions through information technologies. In the broad
sense, CIM involves the integration of all the business processes from supplier to end consumer.
The document provides an overview of computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) systems, including:
- CIM encompasses the entire range of product development and manufacturing activities carried out with dedicated software. It uses a common database and communication technologies to integrate functions.
- CIM reduces the human component of manufacturing to relieve the process of slow, expensive and error-prone aspects. It takes a holistic, methodological approach to improve performance.
- CIM hardware includes manufacturing equipment, computers, peripheral devices. CIM software includes programs for management, design, production control, and other functions.
- The nine major elements of a CIM system are marketing, product design, planning, purchasing, manufacturing engineering,
This document discusses the components of computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). It describes CIM as the integration of the total manufacturing enterprise through computer technologies and communication networks. The key components discussed include the CASA/SME model, computer networking, the OSI model, and the various subsystems and elements that make up CIM such as CAD/CAM, computer-aided process planning (CAPP), and manufacturing resource planning (MRP). The benefits of CIM implementation are also summarized such as improved quality, reduced costs and lead times, and increased flexibility and responsiveness.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) involves using computers to control the entire manufacturing process. It links functions like design, planning, and inventory through computer integration with factory floor functions like materials handling and operations monitoring. Benefits include faster, less error-prone manufacturing and automated processes. Factors like production volume, company experience, and integration level impact CIM implementation. Key challenges are integration between components from different suppliers and maintaining data integrity and process control.
The document introduces automation, defining it as a set of technologies that allows machines and systems to operate without significant human intervention. It discusses key areas of industrial automation like controls, communication, and real-time computing. Reasons for automating include increasing productivity, reducing costs, improving quality and safety. The basic elements of an automation system are described as the program of instructions, control systems, process, and power. Advanced functions like safety monitoring, maintenance diagnostics, and error detection and recovery are also introduced.
Definition of Automation
Automated Manufacturing Systems
Types of Manufacturing Automation
Levels of Automation
Computerized Manufacturing Support Systems
Reasons for Automation
Automation Strategies-The USA Principle
Ten Strategies for Automation and Process Improvement
Automation Migration Strategy
Benefits of Automation
References
Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) incorporates all manufacturing processes including CAD/CAM, business functions, and engineering functions. CIM aims to achieve lower costs, higher quality, and better responsiveness through techniques like group technology, flexible manufacturing systems, and shop floor control using concepts like CONWIP. Group technology groups similar parts into families to improve productivity. Flexible manufacturing systems are reprogrammable systems that can produce different product types automatically using components like machine tools and automated material handling.
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) involves the integration of total manufacturing systems through the use of integrated systems, data communications, and new managerial philosophies. CIM aims to improve organizational efficiency by integrating all enterprise operations around a common data repository. It provides benefits like improved customer service, quality, and competitiveness through decreased costs and inventory levels. CIM is not a product but a philosophy involving computer-aided design/manufacturing, robotics, flexible manufacturing systems, and more.
Computer control in process planning Unit 4 (ME CAD/CAM)Avt Shubhash
This document discusses considerations for implementing computer-aided process planning (CAPP) systems. It explains that the process planning function depends on the manufacturing system and different systems have different needs. When selecting a CAPP system, factors like the manufacturing system components, production volume or batch size, and number of product families must be taken into account. It provides examples of variant and generative CAPP systems like CAM-I CAPP, MIPLAN, and APPAS.
Uploaded by Dr. Bhimasen Soragaon, Prof. & Head, Dept. of ME., JSSATE, Bengaluru
All the peers and students are requested to give their feedback on the contents
Cellular manufacturing is a method of process improvement and as such, it is an important part of the lean philosophy. It consists of reorganizing your shop floor in a way that would accommodate the greatest efficiency.
The document discusses computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) and its key components. CIM involves integrating manufacturing operations through information systems and networks. It aims to simplify production, automate processes, and integrate functions. CIM can provide benefits like improved quality, flexibility and reduced costs. The document outlines CIM concepts like computer-aided manufacturing and manufacturing execution systems, and how communication networks are essential for enterprise integration in CIM.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing. It includes 8 modules that cover topics such as the introduction to CIM and automation, automated production lines and assembly systems, types of automation, reasons for automating, computer integrated manufacturing, computerized elements of a CIM system, CAD/CAM and CIM, and mathematical models and matrices used to analyze production systems. The course is intended to teach students about computer applications in design and manufacturing processes.
This document discusses group technology, which is a manufacturing philosophy that groups similar parts into families to take advantage of their design and manufacturing similarities. It defines part families as collections of parts that are similar geometrically or in their production steps. The document outlines four methods to group parts into families: visual inspection, composite part analysis, production flow analysis, and parts classification/coding. It also lists advantages like reduced setup times and disadvantages like difficulty in grouping parts.
Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the integration of all enterprise operations and activities around a common corporate data repository through the use of integrated systems and data communications coupled with new managerial philosophies. CIM is not a product that can be purchased and installed, but rather a way of thinking and solving problems through the use of computers for on-line automation, optimization, and integration of the total manufacturing system from design to production. Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) bridge the gap between high-production transfer lines and programmable but low-production numerical control machines by allowing for medium part variety and medium production volumes. FMS consist of computer-controlled machines connected by an automated material handling system.
This document provides an overview of the ME6703 - Computer Integrated Manufacturing course. The key topics covered include computer aided design (CAD), computer aided manufacturing (CAM), computer integrated manufacturing (CIM), and automation. The objectives are to understand how computers are applied in various manufacturing aspects like design, planning, costing, and layout. CAD is used to assist product design and modeling. CAM involves using computers to assist all manufacturing phases. CIM integrates the total manufacturing enterprise through integrated systems and data communications. Automation applies technology to accomplish processes without human assistance.
The document discusses production systems and automation. It covers topics like globalization trends affecting manufacturing, types of automation systems, and strategies for automation. Sections include production systems, automation principles, and organizing the course. Automation can increase productivity and flexibility while reducing costs and improving quality. Common automation strategies are specializing operations, combining operations, and integrating inspection and control.
This document provides an overview of an industrial automation course. It discusses key topics that will be covered, including production systems, automation strategies, types of automation, and reasons for automating manufacturing processes. The course will examine various industrial automation components and systems, such as sensors and actuators, automated machine tools, robotics, and flexible manufacturing systems. Students will work on a design project and learn through lectures, course notes, textbooks, and YouTube videos.
This document provides a syllabus for a course on Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). It is divided into 5 modules that cover various topics related to CIM including automation, CAD, computer numerical control, robotics, additive manufacturing, and Industry 4.0. The syllabus outlines 10 topics within the 5 modules, providing a brief description of the topics and allocating 5 hours to each. It also provides background on the evolution of CIM and defines key elements of a CIM system such as marketing, product design, planning, and factory automation hardware.
CIM is the architecture for integrating the engineering, marketing and manufacturing functions through information technologies. In the broad
sense, CIM involves the integration of all the business processes from supplier to end consumer.
The document provides an overview of computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) systems, including:
- CIM encompasses the entire range of product development and manufacturing activities carried out with dedicated software. It uses a common database and communication technologies to integrate functions.
- CIM reduces the human component of manufacturing to relieve the process of slow, expensive and error-prone aspects. It takes a holistic, methodological approach to improve performance.
- CIM hardware includes manufacturing equipment, computers, peripheral devices. CIM software includes programs for management, design, production control, and other functions.
- The nine major elements of a CIM system are marketing, product design, planning, purchasing, manufacturing engineering,
This document discusses the components of computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). It describes CIM as the integration of the total manufacturing enterprise through computer technologies and communication networks. The key components discussed include the CASA/SME model, computer networking, the OSI model, and the various subsystems and elements that make up CIM such as CAD/CAM, computer-aided process planning (CAPP), and manufacturing resource planning (MRP). The benefits of CIM implementation are also summarized such as improved quality, reduced costs and lead times, and increased flexibility and responsiveness.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) involves using computers to control the entire manufacturing process. It links functions like design, planning, and inventory through computer integration with factory floor functions like materials handling and operations monitoring. Benefits include faster, less error-prone manufacturing and automated processes. Factors like production volume, company experience, and integration level impact CIM implementation. Key challenges are integration between components from different suppliers and maintaining data integrity and process control.
The document introduces automation, defining it as a set of technologies that allows machines and systems to operate without significant human intervention. It discusses key areas of industrial automation like controls, communication, and real-time computing. Reasons for automating include increasing productivity, reducing costs, improving quality and safety. The basic elements of an automation system are described as the program of instructions, control systems, process, and power. Advanced functions like safety monitoring, maintenance diagnostics, and error detection and recovery are also introduced.
Definition of Automation
Automated Manufacturing Systems
Types of Manufacturing Automation
Levels of Automation
Computerized Manufacturing Support Systems
Reasons for Automation
Automation Strategies-The USA Principle
Ten Strategies for Automation and Process Improvement
Automation Migration Strategy
Benefits of Automation
References
Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) incorporates all manufacturing processes including CAD/CAM, business functions, and engineering functions. CIM aims to achieve lower costs, higher quality, and better responsiveness through techniques like group technology, flexible manufacturing systems, and shop floor control using concepts like CONWIP. Group technology groups similar parts into families to improve productivity. Flexible manufacturing systems are reprogrammable systems that can produce different product types automatically using components like machine tools and automated material handling.
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) involves the integration of total manufacturing systems through the use of integrated systems, data communications, and new managerial philosophies. CIM aims to improve organizational efficiency by integrating all enterprise operations around a common data repository. It provides benefits like improved customer service, quality, and competitiveness through decreased costs and inventory levels. CIM is not a product but a philosophy involving computer-aided design/manufacturing, robotics, flexible manufacturing systems, and more.
Computer control in process planning Unit 4 (ME CAD/CAM)Avt Shubhash
This document discusses considerations for implementing computer-aided process planning (CAPP) systems. It explains that the process planning function depends on the manufacturing system and different systems have different needs. When selecting a CAPP system, factors like the manufacturing system components, production volume or batch size, and number of product families must be taken into account. It provides examples of variant and generative CAPP systems like CAM-I CAPP, MIPLAN, and APPAS.
Uploaded by Dr. Bhimasen Soragaon, Prof. & Head, Dept. of ME., JSSATE, Bengaluru
All the peers and students are requested to give their feedback on the contents
Cellular manufacturing is a method of process improvement and as such, it is an important part of the lean philosophy. It consists of reorganizing your shop floor in a way that would accommodate the greatest efficiency.
The document discusses computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) and its key components. CIM involves integrating manufacturing operations through information systems and networks. It aims to simplify production, automate processes, and integrate functions. CIM can provide benefits like improved quality, flexibility and reduced costs. The document outlines CIM concepts like computer-aided manufacturing and manufacturing execution systems, and how communication networks are essential for enterprise integration in CIM.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing. It includes 8 modules that cover topics such as the introduction to CIM and automation, automated production lines and assembly systems, types of automation, reasons for automating, computer integrated manufacturing, computerized elements of a CIM system, CAD/CAM and CIM, and mathematical models and matrices used to analyze production systems. The course is intended to teach students about computer applications in design and manufacturing processes.
This document discusses group technology, which is a manufacturing philosophy that groups similar parts into families to take advantage of their design and manufacturing similarities. It defines part families as collections of parts that are similar geometrically or in their production steps. The document outlines four methods to group parts into families: visual inspection, composite part analysis, production flow analysis, and parts classification/coding. It also lists advantages like reduced setup times and disadvantages like difficulty in grouping parts.
Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the integration of all enterprise operations and activities around a common corporate data repository through the use of integrated systems and data communications coupled with new managerial philosophies. CIM is not a product that can be purchased and installed, but rather a way of thinking and solving problems through the use of computers for on-line automation, optimization, and integration of the total manufacturing system from design to production. Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) bridge the gap between high-production transfer lines and programmable but low-production numerical control machines by allowing for medium part variety and medium production volumes. FMS consist of computer-controlled machines connected by an automated material handling system.
This document provides an overview of the ME6703 - Computer Integrated Manufacturing course. The key topics covered include computer aided design (CAD), computer aided manufacturing (CAM), computer integrated manufacturing (CIM), and automation. The objectives are to understand how computers are applied in various manufacturing aspects like design, planning, costing, and layout. CAD is used to assist product design and modeling. CAM involves using computers to assist all manufacturing phases. CIM integrates the total manufacturing enterprise through integrated systems and data communications. Automation applies technology to accomplish processes without human assistance.
The document discusses production systems and automation. It covers topics like globalization trends affecting manufacturing, types of automation systems, and strategies for automation. Sections include production systems, automation principles, and organizing the course. Automation can increase productivity and flexibility while reducing costs and improving quality. Common automation strategies are specializing operations, combining operations, and integrating inspection and control.
This document provides an overview of an industrial automation course. It discusses key topics that will be covered, including production systems, automation strategies, types of automation, and reasons for automating manufacturing processes. The course will examine various industrial automation components and systems, such as sensors and actuators, automated machine tools, robotics, and flexible manufacturing systems. Students will work on a design project and learn through lectures, course notes, textbooks, and YouTube videos.
The document discusses advanced manufacturing technology. It defines advanced manufacturing as the application of new technologies and processes throughout the manufacturing value chain. This includes using advanced machines, science, and digital technologies like software and data analytics. The benefits of advanced manufacturing include improved quality, flexibility, and competitiveness through reduced costs, lead times, and waste. Automated production lines are provided as an example technology, with descriptions of fixed, programmable, and flexible automation systems.
This document discusses automation in manufacturing. It outlines several benefits of automation, including increased productivity and reduced labor costs. However, it also notes that some companies are reducing automation levels or planning to do so. Highly automated systems can lack flexibility, especially for companies with innovative product ranges and shrinking lot sizes. Low cost automation is presented as an alternative that is affordable, simple, robust, internally designed, easy to assemble/dismantle, and provides reasonable flexibility at a truly low cost. Examples of low cost automation components are then listed.
Plant layout refers to the physical arrangement of equipment, machinery, workstations, and space in a manufacturing facility. The key types of layouts discussed are process layout, product layout, mixed layout, fixed layout, and group technology layout. Process layout groups similar processes together while product layout arranges machinery in a linear flow. Group technology layout clusters machines by part families to reduce setup times and material handling. Flexible manufacturing systems apply group technology and automation to allow production of different product styles simultaneously on the same system.
Production is the process of transforming inputs into outputs through a value-adding process. It involves converting raw materials, labor, capital equipment, information, and energy into finished goods and services. Productivity measures the efficiency of production by dividing total outputs by total inputs. It can be improved by increasing worker skills, adopting new technology, boosting employee motivation, and optimizing resource management. Measuring productivity helps evaluate how efficiently an organization utilizes its resources to produce outputs.
The document discusses how the PackML standard and OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) can work together to improve manufacturing line performance. PackML provides a common framework for machine control programming and data collection across a production line. This allows OEE metrics like performance, quality and machine availability to be accurately measured and compared. Identifying bottlenecks through OEE analysis can then help optimize the line. The standardization of PackML makes data collection and OEE monitoring more consistent, helping manufacturers improve efficiency.
Product layout groups workstations together according to the products they work on, allowing semi-finished goods to be quickly transferred between stations. This layout is commonly used for smaller manufacturers with lower output volumes. As production grows, a process layout may be more suitable. Product layout arranges machinery and services along the processing sequence without buffer storage. Its advantages include low costs, high volume, and smooth flow, while limitations are reduced flexibility and increased costs if machines stop.
This document discusses various manufacturing techniques and processes, including craft production, mechanization, automation, and clean manufacturing. It addresses topics like assembly line production, computer-aided manufacturing, costs of production, and strategies for reducing pollution in manufacturing processes. The overall focus is on outlining different manufacturing methods and technologies as well as economic and environmental considerations related to product development and production.
1. Investment in automation and technology is replacing both American and Chinese workers, making them more efficient. One robot can replace thousands of human-hours for certain tasks.
2. Toyota invested $1.3 billion to overhaul its factory in Georgetown to build 11 vehicle types quickly through new technology like lasers that weld parts 4x faster.
3. Process choice, technology investment, and layout are critical factors that impact a firm's competitiveness through costs, delivery speed, flexibility, and ability to satisfy customer demands.
Apex Controls Specialists provides automation and control system design, programming, fabrication and testing for modular extrusion lines. They take a integrated approach using Ethernet communications between the PLC, drives, feeders and I/O to provide benefits like reduced wiring and easy diagnostics. Their software provides historical trending, SPC, recipe management and lot tracking to support quality production. Apex also offers wireless interfaces, modular software and interfaces for new modular plant designs.
“Development of automatic feeder system in cellular manufacturing to improve ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on developing an automatic feeder system for a machine shop to improve productivity. The study aims to automate the loading and unloading of workpieces on turning machines to improve safety, quality and reduce costs. It analyzes implementing a vibratory bowl feeder and cellular manufacturing approach. The document discusses the current issues with manual operations, downtime reduction and compares productivity before and after installing the automatic feeder system.
Cellular manufacturing is a cognitive process of manufacturing which is a subdivision of just-in-time manufacturing and lean manufacturing across-the-board group technology. The goal of cellular manufacturing is to change as quickly as possible, make a wide mixture of similar products, while making as little waste as possible.
The document provides an introduction to automation and its history. It discusses that automation is the technology that accomplishes processes without human assistance using a program of instructions and control system. The history of automation can be traced back to basic mechanical devices like the wheel, lever, and steam engines. Key developments include the moving assembly line in 1913, mechanized transfer lines in 1924, control systems theory in 1938/1948, the first electromechanical computer in 1944, the first digital computer in 1946, and the first numerical control machine tool in 1952.
The document discusses cellular manufacturing and its key concepts. Cellular manufacturing involves grouping parts that require similar processing into manufacturing cells. Within each cell, equipment and workstations are arranged closely together in the sequence of processing steps to promote efficient one-piece flow production. It aims to minimize waste by utilizing flexible workers who can operate multiple machines and continuously improve processes.
This document discusses cellular manufacturing. Cellular manufacturing groups similar parts that require common processing steps into manufacturing cells. Within each cell, the equipment and workstations are arranged closely together in the sequence of processing steps. This cellular layout aims to promote continuous one-piece flow and reduce waste such as transportation time between steps. Operators are cross-trained to run multiple machines within a cell flexibly. The goals of cellular manufacturing include improved productivity, flexibility, and reduced lead times and inventories.
This presentation is focused on the topic of automation and its various applications. It is my pleasure to share with you the information and insights that we have gathered on this subject.
Automation Notes on Manufacturing in Industries.pptPrabhuSwamy24
1. Automation is a technology that uses mechanical, electronic, and computer-based systems to operate processes without human assistance. This allows manufacturing processes to increase speed and reduce costs while improving quality.
2. There are three basic types of automated manufacturing systems - fixed automation with a set sequence of operations, programmable automation where the sequence can be changed through programming, and flexible automation that can continuously produce a variety of products with minimal changeover time.
3. The benefits of automation include increased productivity and labor efficiency, reduced labor costs, improved quality and worker safety, and the ability to accomplish processes that cannot be done manually.
1. Automation is a technology that uses mechanical, electronic, and computer-based systems to operate processes without human assistance. This allows manufacturing processes to increase speed and reduce costs while improving quality.
2. There are three basic types of automated manufacturing systems - fixed automation with a set sequence of operations, programmable automation where the sequence can be changed via a program, and flexible automation which can continuously produce a variety of products with minimal changeover time.
3. The benefits of automation include increased productivity and quality, reduced costs and labor needs, and improved worker safety. Automation allows for specialized, simultaneous, and integrated operations along with enhanced process control and computer integration of manufacturing.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
4. 11/8/2021
Mass production*
– Automation easily justified
– Objectives: (1) reduce operation cycle time, (2) increase system reliability
– Line is rarely changed - setup time not critical
– Inflexible: not suitable for products with many options or limited
production runs
Discrete Manufacturing
* Check the textbook on the two types: quantity and flow line
5. 11/8/2021
Job shop production
– Products produced in small volume
– Automation difficult to justify unless products are too complex to
be produced manually
– Objectives: (1) reduce setup time, (2) reduce processing time, (3)
reduce WIP
– Most flexible of production strategies
Discrete Manufacturing
6. 11/8/2021
Batch production
– Products produced in batches, lots or groups
– Trade-off between job shop and mass production
– Single setup for each batch
– Increase batch size, but increase in waiting time, WIP and
inventory result
– Objectives are same as job shop
Discrete Manufacturing
7. 11/8/2021
Facility Layout
Four types of layouts:
Process: suitable for job shop
Fixed Position: suitable for large products
Cellular: suitable when products are similar in batch
production and sometimes in job shop
Product flow: suitable for mass production
8. 11/8/2021
Process layout
– For small, discrete-parts manufacturing
– Machines are grouped into departments according to type of
operation
– Advantages: work schedule more flexible
– Disadvantages: WIP is large (cost in inventory and storage
space), high material handling cost, larger batches are made than
are required (to justify setup), difficulty in maintaining control of
parts, highest skill level required from operators
Facility Layout
9. 11/8/2021
Fixed position layout
– Product must remain stationary throughout production sequence
– Machines are brought to the product
– Higher expense due to robustness and accuracy of equipment
Facility Layout
10. 11/8/2021
Product flow layout
– Suited for high volume production
– Advantages: minimized material handling, easy to automate
material handling, less WIP, easier to control
– Disadvantages: inefficient to alter the sequence of operations,
breakdown on one machine can stop the entire line
Facility Layout
11. 11/8/2021
Group technology (cellular) layout
– Several different types of machines are grouped together to form a
cell - each cell is designed to produce a family of parts
– Suitable for small to mid-volume production of parts
– Advantages: setup time is reduced, lead time is reduced, WIP is
reduced, finished inventory is reduced, improved quality (group of
workers responsible for a cell)
– Disadvantages: parts must be grouped into families, layout is less
flexible than process layout, batches from same family cannot be
run simultaneously, higher skill level required from operators
Facility Layout
12. 11/8/2021
Example Industries
Aerospace
– Typically, complex, three-dimensional shapes, exotic
materials, medium-volume to low-volume production
quantities
– Military and space technology filters down to industrial
applications
– Pioneered work in NC machining, CAD/CAM,
composites and flexible manufacturing system
applications
– Goals: energy efficiency, high strength-to-weight ratio
13. 11/8/2021
Example Industries
Automotive
– Relatively large production quantities, multiple options: automated
assembly is difficult
– Traditionally, primary processes were metalworking: machining of
power train parts, forming and bending sheet metal; assembly by
spot welding and mechanical fasteners; finishing by spray painting
and plating
– New materials: plastics, fiberglass
– Increasing automation: robots for spot welding and spray painting
– Improved quality with production groups that assemble large
portions of the automobile
14. 11/8/2021
Example Industries
Chemical
– Chemical processes for man-made fibers and plastics,
oil distillation and pharmaceutical industries
– Continuous flow of product and byproducts; some batch
processing
– reasonably easy to automate
15. 11/8/2021
Example Industries
Food
– Large volume industry
– Standard products and operations, therefore reasonably
easy to automate
– Many products use continuous processes; discrete
processes includes packaging
16. 11/8/2021
Example Industries
Semiconductor
– Large volume industry
– Emphasis on design and production of low-cost
integrated circuits
– Smaller size and more stringent requirements for
cleanliness
– Process requirements have forced automation
17. 11/8/2021
Increase production rate
eliminate portions of process that directly increase production time:
machine processing time, handling time, setup times (SMED)
Remove humans from hazardous environments
exposure to chemicals, fumes, temperature or radiation
robotic applications: L/UL furnaces, spray painting, welding
Remove humans from processes that require extremely clean
environments: e.g., semiconductors, drugs
Reduce number of defective products
Reduce direct labor
one worker monitors a larger number of machines
Reasons for Automating
18. 11/8/2021
Reduce work-in-process
parts being processed, part waiting to be processed
large WIP: longer time to fill orders, more storage space, value of
unfinished goods that could be invested elsewhere
reduced WIP: better control and scheduling
Reduce manufacturing lead time
processing time, setup time, waiting time
setup time: flexible automation, common fixtures and tooling
processing time: combining or eliminating operations, increase
speed (work measurement principles)
Increase quality
repeatable operations through every cycle - tighter control limits,
easier detection when process is out of control
status of manufacturing operations
Reasons for Automating
19. 11/8/2021
Increase productivity
Reduce labor cost
Address labor shortages
Reduce or eliminate routine manual and clerical tasks
Health and Safety
May be the only option
Stay up-to-date (avoid cost of catching up)
Reasons for Automating
20. 11/8/2021
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
The mission of the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) is to save lives, prevent injuries
and protect the health of America's workers. To
accomplish this, federal and state governments must
work in partnership with the more than 100 million
working men and women and their six and a half million
employers who are covered by the
21. 11/8/2021
Machines
Transfer lines
Assembly
Material Handling
Inspection (coordinate measuring machines, CMM)
Automated Manufacturing Systems
23. 11/8/2021
Fixed Automation (transfer lines)
– Hard automation, automation for mass production
– Produces large numbers of nearly identical parts
– High initial investment for custom engineered equipment
– Product design must be stable over its life
– Advantages: equipment fine tuned to application -
decreased cycle time, infrequent setups, automated
material handling - fast and efficient movement of parts,
very little WIP
– Disadvantage: inflexible
Types of Automation
24. 11/8/2021
Programmable Automation (NC, CNC, robots)
– Sequence controlled by a program
– High investment in general purpose equipment
– Lower production rates
– Flexibility to deal with variation
– Suitable for batch production
– Smaller volumes (than fixed) of many different parts
– More flexible than fixed automation
– Major disadvantage: setup prior to each new part
– Large batch size (due to setups)
– Speed sacrificed for flexibility
Types of Automation
25. 11/8/2021
Flexible Automation (FMS)
– Extension of programmable automation
– No time lost for change over
– High investment in custom-engineered systems
– Production of product mix
– Flexibility to deal with design variations
– Low to medium quantities
– Compromise between fixed and programmable automation in speed
and flexibility
– Advantage: programming and setup performed off-line
– More expensive - size and tool change capabilities
– Small batch sizes are justified - reduced WIP and lead time
– Typical parts are expensive, large and require some complex
machining
Types of Automation
26. 11/8/2021
Strengths of Humans
– Sense unexpected stimuli
– Develop new solutions to problems
– Cope with abstract problems
– Adapt to change
– Generalize from observations
– Learn from experience
– Make difficult decisions based on incomplete data
Manual Labor in Automated Systems
27. 11/8/2021
Strengths of (computer-based) machines
– Perform repetitive tasks consistently
– Store large amounts of data
– Retrieve data from memory reliably
– Perform multiple tasks simultaneously
– Apply high forces and power
– Perform computations quickly
Manual Labor in Automated Systems
28. 11/8/2021
Manual Labor in Automated Systems
Even if all of the manufacturing systems in the factory are
automated, there will still be a need for the following kinds of
work to be performed:
•Equipment maintenance. Maintain and repair, improve the
reliability, of automated systems.
•Programming and computer operation.
•Engineering project work. Upgrades, design tooling, continuous
improvement.
•Plant management.
29. 11/8/2021
AUTOMATION PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES
USA Principle:
1. Understand the existing process
2. Simplify the process
3. Automate the process
30. 11/8/2021
AUTOMATION PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES
Ten Strategies for Automation
1. Specialization of operations.
2. Combined operations.
3. Simultaneous operations.
4. Integration of operations.
5. Increased flexibility.
6. Improved material handling and storage.
7. On line inspection.
8. Process control and optimization.
9. Plant operations control.
10. Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM).
31. 11/8/2021
AUTOMATION PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES
Automation Migration Strategy
Phase 1: Manual production using single station manned cells
operating independently.
Phase 2: Automated production using single station automated
cells operating independently.
Phase 3: Automated integrated production using a multi-station
automated system with serial operations and automated transfer
of work units between stations.
32. 11/8/2021
3500 BC Use of Wheel and axle for transportation
500 BC Lathe used for wood turning
1569 Screw-cutting lathe developed -- Jacques Besson
1769 James Watt invented the steam engine -- later used to
provide power to industry
1774 Precylinder-boring mill developed -- John Wilkinson
1790 Samuel Slater opens the first successful textile mill in the
United States
1793 Eli Whitney builds the first cotton gin
1798 Eli Whitney invents a milling machine to produce
standardized parts in muskets
Historical Development of Manufacturing
33. 11/8/2021
1801 J.M. Jacquard invented a silk-loom-- punched cards controlled
the machine
1851 Issac Singer patented his sewing machine
1900 High-speed steel cutting tools developed
1903 Oxyacetylene welding torch developed
1903 First fully automated machine-made bottles produced
1907 Paint spray gun developed
1913 Ford Motor Co. opens first moving assembly line
1914 Centrifugal casting of cast iron pipe -- re-usable molds are used
1920 Ford introduces continuous casting of cast iron for engine
blocks
Historical Development of Manufacturing
34. 11/8/2021
1921 Jigs and fixtures used in the jig-boring machine to make rifles
and revolvers -- Enfield, England
1930 First automatic factory -- Made chassis frames for cars: one
every six seconds
1952 First commercial NC machine
1962 First industrial robot
1963 Electro-coating methods for painting car bodies is developed
1964 Technique for fast-breaking electric motors developed --
machine tools can now be stopped quickly
1985 First products manufactured in space went on sale -- tiny plastic
beads, perfectly round and uniform in size
Historical Development of Manufacturing