Pragmatics is concerned with 4 main areas: 1) studying a speaker's intended meaning, 2) how context influences meaning, 3) how listeners infer more from what is said than just the literal words, and 4) how the level of closeness between speakers is expressed. It differs from semantics and syntax in that pragmatics considers the relationships between linguistic forms and the users of those forms, allowing human aspects like intentions and assumptions to be analyzed. Studying language through pragmatics allows us to better understand intended meanings but is more difficult to do in an objective, consistent way compared to semantics or syntax.

1. PRAGMATICS
Definitions and Background
By: Siti Amalia

2. Pragmatics is concerned within 4
areas :
1. It’s a study of speaker’s meaning
2. It’s a study of contextual meaning
3. It’s a study of how more gets communicated
than is said
4. It’s a study of the expression of relative
distance

3. It’s a study of speaker’s meaning
Communicated by a speaker/writer
the analysis of meaning by
their utterances
Interpreted by a listener
U know what?
You’re beautiful

4. It’s a study of contextual meaning
How the context influences what is said
Consider:
Who we’re talking to,
where, when and under
what circumstances

5. It’s a study of how more gets
communicated than is said
How the listener recognized the
invisible meaning (the untold ones)
Listener makes inferences of what
speaker said
E.g: satire expression
idiom expression

7. It’s a study of the expression of
relative distance
the choice between the said and the unsaid
DISTANCE
CLOSENESS
How close/distant the Physical, social, conceptual
listener is, speakers
determine how much
needs to be said
Implies shared experiences

8. Syntax, Semantics & Pragmatics

9. Syntax, Semantics & Pragmatics
Syntax How the linguistic forms are arranged in
sequence, doesn’t consider references, user of
the forms
Relationship between linguistic forms and
Semantics entities in the world.
How words literally connect to things
Verbal descriptions & states of affair
Regardless who produces that
descriptions

10. Pragmatics
Relationship between linguistic forms and
users of those forms. Pragmatics is
allowing human into the analysis

11. Studying Language via Pragmatics
The advantages : The disadvantages:
We are able to learn It is very human concepts,
people’s intended so it’s difficult to
meanings, their analyze in a consistent
assumptions, their and objective way
purposes, goals, and the
kinds of actions
E.g : requesting,
commanding

13. Regularity
• People tend to behave in an appropriate well
within a familiar social group. On the other
hand, they will become hesitate in a strange
place.
Kaifa haluki?
Hmm…
Alhamdulillah
??!!

14. • Most people within a linguistic community
have similar basic experiences of the world
and share a lot of non-linguistic knowledge.
I want to buy a
matic motorcyle,
so It will be easy
for me to ride on

15. Pragmatics Wastebasket
A beautiful cow is talking to a girl and
approach her immediately.

16. THANK YOU