This document discusses interpersonal communication and effective communication models. It introduces the basic sender-receiver communication model and the pyramid of mutuality model which emphasizes mutual purpose, meaning, and respect. Communication styles are discussed along a continuum from silence to violence, outlining strategies like politicking, hiding, withdrawing, monologuing, labeling and attacking. The importance of mutual understanding, shared goals and values, and treating others with dignity are emphasized for effective communication. Practical exercises and scripts are provided to help improve communication skills.

1. Interpersonal
Communication

2. Introduction
 Key to interpersonal and
organizational effectiveness

3. Topics of Discussion
 Models of effective communication:
basic model and the pyramid of
mutuality
 Communication styles
 Native tongue exercise

4. The Basic Model of
Communication
 Sender message receiver
– channel
– noise

5. Pyramid of Mutuality
Mutual Respect
Mutual Meaning
Mutual Purpose
Silence Violence
Withdrawing Hiding Politicking Monologuing Labeling Attacking

6. Mutuality
 A win-win situation that is built on a
foundation of trust
 Sharing things in common
 Seeking for things in common:
 interests
 goals
 values

7. Mutual Purpose
 Common goals or objectives that
are built on a foundation of trust
 Something we want

8. Mutual Meaning
 Observations, assumptions,
conclusions, and feelings that both
parties acknowledge as valid
 Available Meaning: When ideas,
observations, and values are
acknowledged and understood,
they become part of the available
pool of common meaning
 Hidden Meaning: Through sharing
meaning we become more aware
of inconsistencies in our own
thinking

9. Mutual Respect
 Critical for maintaining dialogue
 Both parties choose to treat each
other with dignity, decency, and
consideration, based on the
assumption that others are
reasonable, and decent

10. Silence - to - Violence continuum
Dialogue
Silence
Violence
Withdrawing hiding politicking monologuing labeling attacking

11. Silence Strategies
 Politicking: selectively hiding and
showing meaning. We hide our
motives or withhold assumptions
 Hiding: talking without revealing
anything. Manipulative
conversations
 Withdrawing: Pulling out of
communication completely. The
most severe form of silence.

12. Silence Strategies exs.
 At work
 In school
 At home
 With friends

13. Violence Strategies
 Monologuing: Talking with the
sole purpose of getting what you
want. Communication is
unidirectional.
 Labeling: Turing people into
categories or things in order to get
what you want. Makes it easier to
do or say anything.
 Attacking: Communicating for the
sole purpose of pushing or hurting.
It includes harsh accusation,
yelling and raw invective.

14. Violence strategies exs.
 At work
 At school
 At home
 With friends

15. Strategies Test
1. Let me see if I understand.
2. Oh yeah, you bozo.
3. If you say so.
4. Well, guarantee means a lot of things. So , I guess I could
say I guarantee.
5. I can see you’re angry. Is it because we missed the
deadline?
6. There’s no time for discussion. Just do it!
7. No, I have nothing to add. I never have anything to add.
8. You bean counters always think that way.
9. I know I missed the meeting, but you guys are doing a
terrific job.

16. Answers
1. Let me see if I understand. -dialogue. Trying to understand
2. Oh yeah, you bozo. - labeling. Name calling
3. If you say so. - Hiding. Decreased meaning
4. Well, guarantee means a lot of things. So , I guess I could say I
guarantee. Politicking. Wanting to allow for different definition
5. I can see you’re angry. Is it because we missed the
deadline? - dialogue. Trying to understand
6. There’s no time for discussion. Just do it! Monologuing
7. No, I have nothing to add. I never have anything to add. labeling
8. You bean counters always think that way. labeling
9. I know I missed the meeting, but you guys are doing a
terrific job. politicking

17. Effective Communication:
A change of heart, not just a change in behaviour

18. Underlying Values
Silence Dialogue Violence
Value Control
outcomes
Be right
Shared
meaning,
learning
Control
outcomes
Be right
Purpose Keep it
hidden
Share openly Demand
your own
Meaning Disclose
little
Share openly Force your
own
Respect Indirect
strategies
Conscious
effort
Intentional
strategy

19. 3 Practice Scripts

20. Native Tongue Exercise

21. What This Means For Change
 Make specific, personal ground rules: I will use a calm
voice when speaking to…
 Critique your performance: How did you violate the
rule? What went wrong?
 Manage expectations: begin an interaction with some
explanations - “in the past this has ended in shouting
match….
 Apologize appropriately to allow dialogue to continue

22. Next Steps
 Commit to effective communication
 Understand the problems within
your group
 Document your progress in you
diary