This document discusses various types of hacking including black hat hacking, data theft, and cyber attacks. It provides examples of common attacks such as SQL injection, DDoS attacks, social engineering, malware/viruses, and password cracking. The document also outlines skills required for ethical hacking to prevent attacks, and measures that can be taken including firewalls, antivirus software, strong passwords, and monitoring online activities. Statistics show cyber crimes are increasing globally and cost billions per year. Education and employing more security experts are suggested to improve prevention of cyber attacks.

1. By Arifa Ali, Hannah Buckley, Paul Byrne and Matthew Hastie

2.  Ethical Hacking & Black Hat Hacking
 Types of Hacking/Data Theft
 Statistics/Examples of Attacks
 Skills Required to Prevent Attacks
 Measures to Prevent Attacks

3.  Brief History
 Who is a hacker and what do Hackers do ?
 Hackers Techniques
 System Hacking, Network Hacking, Software Hacking

4.  Someone who bypasses the systems and Passwords.
 Taking advantage of weaknesses left in the system by
developers.
 This person knows computer programming
 Can be a Hacker Subculture
 Access confidential information
 Broadcast confidential documents e.g.
Name, address, etc.
 Espionage

5.  Over the internet
 Over Lan
 Locally
 Offline
 Theft
 Deception
 Ip Addresses
 Telephone
 Email

6.  Malicious Hackers
 Villain
 Violates Computer Security

7.  Computer Security
 A Computer Hacker intending to improve security.
 The Hero

8.  Black Hat Hackers ( The bad guy Violates computers)
 White Hat Hackers (The Hero Breaks security for good reasons)
 Blue Hat Hacker (consults firms, system tested before launch)
 Grey Hacker(Mixture of white & Black offers their service to
improve for a small fee)
 Hacktivist (Utilizes Technology)
 Script Kiddie (Skiddie)Kid- Child lacking knowledge, Immature
 Elite Hacker (The most skilled Hacker)(Masters of deception)
 Ethical Hacker(employee and authorised Hacker)
 Bots ( software tools the hackers use )

9. SQL Injection
•SQL injection is a type of attack often used
against data driven applications.
•It is a technique that exploits an applications
security weaknesses.
•Used to steal databases full of credit card
information, passwords, or personal details.

10. DDOS Attacks
•Distributed Denial of Service.
•Used to make a machine or network resource
inaccessible to users.
•DDOS attacks usually utilise botnets.

11. Social Engineering
•Social engineering is the art of manipulating
people into divulging personal and confidential
information.
•Requires very little technical skill.
•Relies heavily on human interaction to get
results.
•Most often used in tandem with other exploits.

12. Malware and Viruses
•Malicious Software.
•Used by an attacker to steal data, disrupt
operations or access a private network.
•Used to describe many different types of
software including
viruses, worms, Trojans, keyloggers, spyware
and others.

13. Computer Virus
•Any computer program that can replicate itself
and spread from one computer to another
without input from its creator.
•Needs to attach itself to an existing program in
order for it to work.
•They are used to deliver many different
payloads.

14. Computer Worm
•A program similar to a virus; it can replicate
itself and spread from one computer to another.
•Unlike a virus a worm does not need to be
attached to an existing program in order to
function.
•Always cause harm to the network, even if it is
just increased bandwidth consumption, whereas
a virus will always corrupt and/or modify files on
a computer.

15. Trojan Horse
•A program that pretends to do one thing, but in
reality does something else.
•Used to record keystrokes input by a user
•Can be used to steal
usernames, passwords, credit card
information, personal details and so on.
•Usually employ a form of social engineering.

16. Firewalls
•Program used to monitor network traffic.
•Have a set of rules that they use to filter
packets trying to enter the network.
•Usually placed between a trusted network and
one that is less trusted.

17. Antivirus Software
•Used to prevent access to computer systems by
unwanted programs.
•Utilises many different methods to protect the
computer.
•Often search for signs of viruses on every
website that is visited and do regular scans of
the computer to check for infections.

18.  Password Cracking-Attempting to guess a password using
a program.
• Brute Forcing-A program that guesses a password by
inputting as many randomly generated passwords using the
computer’s processing power.
• Dictionary Hack-A program that guesses passwords based
on words in a dictionary or the program’s vocabulary.
 Packet Sniffing-Sniffing packets sent over the internet to
gain security details over unsecured connections.
 Phishing-Legitimate looking sites designed to farm
information inputted by the user.

19.  Rootkit-Stealth software which inhibits use of programs
executed by the user and hides (usually malicious)
processes.
 Keyloggers-records keystrokes and can be software or
hardware.
 Scareware-A form of software designed to scare the user
into divulging information (such as credit card
information) much like social engineering.
 IP Spoofing-Masks the IP address of a hacker and
prevents them from being found

20.  Attacks on the increase
 In 2010 431 million adults worldwide were victims of
cyber crime
 Costs 114 billion pounds worldwide
 Costs U.K 27 billion pounds a year
 10.5% of the worlds hackers are from the U.K

21.  In Brazil 83% of the population have suffered from
internet crime.
 America is not far behind with 73% falling victim to
internet crime.
 Cyber crime can be down to anyone from professional
criminals to teenagers

23.  April 2011 Sony Play station network shut down due to
external intrusion
 Password is crucial
 More letters, numbers and characters in a password the
harder it is to crack

25.  Spam blocker
 Anti Virus software
 Firewall protection
 Encryption software
 Caution in providing personal information
 Secure Shopping
 Avoidance of scans
 Monitoring of your child’s computer activities

26.  Employ more skilled individuals
• Pros: Eliminates the need on relying on a small number of
people
• Cons: Very costly
 Improve education on internet security and/or lower
costs for fees
 Job Awareness-people are not aware certain jobs are
available
 Higher starting wages to give potential employees an
incentive

27. Any Questions?